2006年徐州市高三第三次調(diào)研考試
地 理
第一卷(選擇題共70分)
注意事項(xiàng)：
1．作答第一卷前，請考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考試證號用書寫黑色字跡的0．5毫米的簽字筆填寫在答題卡上。
2．第一卷答案必須用2B鉛筆填涂在答題卡上，在其他位置作答一律無效。每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案。
讀我國江南丘陵某地區(qū)等高線地形圖(圖3)，判斷7～10題。
7．當(dāng)該地區(qū)普降暴雨時(shí)，水位上漲最猛的是：A
A．①河段 B．②河 C．③河 D．④湖
8．湖泊④對圖中河流干流起天然調(diào)節(jié)作用的是：A
A．①河 B．②河段 C．①②河段 D．①②③河
9．圖中虛線是居民點(diǎn)a和b，b和d之間公路選線方案，其中合理的是：D
A．e和g B．e和h C．f和g D．f和h
10．沿著圖示箭頭方向，該地區(qū)發(fā)展立體農(nóng)業(yè)，布局合理的是：B
A．棉花――蘋果――毛竹――冷杉 B．水稻――柑橘――茶葉――馬尾松
C．甘蔗――小麥――橡膠――紅松 D．春小麥――葡萄――草地――紅松
讀“最近100年來海平面的變化圖”(圖4)，判斷18～19題。
18．根據(jù)圖中“海平面上升曲線”，近100年來世界氣溫：B
A．呈直線上升趨勢 B．出現(xiàn)明顯的波動上升現(xiàn)象
C．變化不大 D．總體上有下降趨勢
19．下列人類的做法中，對緩解圖示所反映的環(huán)境問題最有效的是：D
A．積極研制新型的制冷系統(tǒng)，以減少并逐步禁止氟氯烴等物質(zhì)的排放
B．發(fā)展?jié)崈裘杭夹g(shù)，研究煤炭中硫資源的綜合開發(fā)與利用
C．沿海國家修建沿海大堤，防止沿海地區(qū)被淹
D．加強(qiáng)國際間合作，提高能源利用技術(shù)和能源利用效率，采用新能源，減少二氧化碳?xì)怏w 的排放量
圖5為“地球大氣的垂直分層圖(部分)”，判斷20～22題。
20．①、②、③、④四條曲線中，正確表示圖示大氣層氣溫垂直分布情況的是：A
A．①
B．②
C．③
D．④
21．該大氣層氣溫的垂直變化：AC
A．基本不受地面的影響 B．主要與二氧化碳?xì)怏w有關(guān)
C．主要與臭氧氣體有關(guān) D．主要與人類活動有關(guān)
22．有關(guān)圖示大氣層的正確敘述有：BD
A．有若干電離層，對無線電通信有重要作用 B．有利于高空飛行
C．上部冷下部熱，大氣穩(wěn)定，以平流運(yùn)動為主 D．頂部與底部的溫差約為
31．讀我國三大自然區(qū)劃分示意圖(圖9)，完成下列要求(16分)。
⑴用實(shí)線畫出我國三個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)地帶的分界線。位于東部和中部經(jīng)濟(jì)地帶分界線附近的山脈有 和 等。
⑵形成A、C兩大自然區(qū)內(nèi)部差異的主要原因分別是：A ，C 。
⑶就三大自然區(qū)而言，GDP總量最少的是 區(qū)，增長最快的是 區(qū)。試從自然方面分析這兩個(gè)自然區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平差異巨大的原因：
31.(1)畫圖略 太行山 武夷山(或南嶺)
(2)水分差異(或距海遠(yuǎn)近) 熱量差異(或緯度差異)
(3)B C
B為青藏高原地區(qū)，平均海拔
33．讀我國甲、乙兩地形區(qū)示意圖(圖11)，完成下列要求(14分)。
⑴將下面各區(qū)域地理特征的數(shù)碼代號填入下表相應(yīng)空格內(nèi)(共4分，每錯(cuò)一個(gè)扣1分)。
①外流河 ②內(nèi)流河 ③放射狀水系 ④輻合狀水系 ⑤冰川融水補(bǔ)給 ⑥雨水補(bǔ)給
地形區(qū)
甲
乙
地理特征
⑵兩地區(qū)差異顯著，國土整治的重點(diǎn)也不同。目前，甲地區(qū)國土整治的重點(diǎn)是 ；乙地山地丘陵地區(qū)國土整治的首要任務(wù)是_____________________。
⑶從各區(qū)域的有利因素出發(fā)，分析兩地區(qū)分別形成我國重要的優(yōu)質(zhì)棉花生產(chǎn)和天然橡膠生產(chǎn)基地的原因。
⑷兩地區(qū)旅游資源都很豐富，但旅游資源的類型差異很大。你覺得它們各應(yīng)發(fā)展哪些特色旅游?(各舉兩例以上，合理即可)
33.(1)甲――②④⑤，乙――①③⑥
(2)荒漠化的防治 恢復(fù)和保護(hù)熱帶森林植被
(3)甲地區(qū)夏季高溫，光照強(qiáng)，有豐富的灌溉水源，土層深厚，利于長絨棉生長；乙地區(qū)夏長冬暖，降水豐富，土壤發(fā)育，適宜橡膠生長
(4)甲地區(qū)：沙漠探險(xiǎn)游、山地放牧游(或坎兒井觀光游、登山游、滑雪游、少數(shù)民族風(fēng)情游等)；乙地區(qū)：海洋生態(tài)游、熱帶雨林考察游(或熱帶高效農(nóng)業(yè)游、少數(shù)民族風(fēng)情游等)
34．讀圖12，分析回答下列問題(12分)。
⑴圖中甲一乙和甲一丙是兩鋒面，其中甲一乙為 (冷鋒或暖鋒)。圖中①、②、③、④四地，最有可能出現(xiàn)降水現(xiàn)象的是
地和 地。
⑵此時(shí)，丁地為 天氣，其原因是 。
⑶此時(shí)，②地盛行 風(fēng)，⑧地盛行 風(fēng)。
⑷比較圖示區(qū)域西北部和東南部風(fēng)力大小并說明理由。
⑸未來數(shù)日內(nèi)，④地可能會發(fā)生的氣象災(zāi)害有 、 （舉兩例）
34．(1)暖鋒 ① ③
(2)晴朗 丁地受高壓脊控制，盛行下沉氣流，空氣中的水汽不易凝云致雨
(3)偏南 偏北(西北)
(4)圖中西北地區(qū)風(fēng)力比東南地區(qū)大，因?yàn)槲鞅钡貐^(qū)等壓線比東南地區(qū)等壓線密集，水平氣壓梯度力大，故風(fēng)力強(qiáng)
(5)寒潮，沙塵暴(或風(fēng)沙、暴風(fēng)雪等任兩點(diǎn)。)
35．圖13為沿23．50N的地球局部剖面示意圖，分析回答下列問題(12分)。
⑴①、②、③三地中，晝夜溫差最小的是 地，最大的是 地。
⑵白天，③地天空呈現(xiàn) 色，其原因是 。
⑶如果圖中a、b為近地面等壓面，則氣壓值較大的是 ；此時(shí)，③地盛行 風(fēng)。
⑷比較圖中②、③兩地年降水量大小并說明理由。
35．(1)① ③
(2)蔚藍(lán)色 ③地天氣晴朗；白天太陽可見光中波長較短的藍(lán)色光最容易被空氣分子散射，使高空呈蔚藍(lán)色
(3)b 東南
(4)②地年降水量比⑧地大。②地位于副熱帶大陸東岸，受夏季風(fēng)、臺風(fēng)及暖流影響，降水較多，⑧地位于副熱帶大陸西岸，終年受副熱帶高壓或信風(fēng)帶控制，并受寒流影響，干旱少雨。
36．圖14是局部區(qū)域經(jīng)緯網(wǎng)及太陽高度等值線(A和B)示意圖，讀圖回答下列問題(14分)。
⑴圖示時(shí)刻，太陽直射點(diǎn)M的地理坐標(biāo)為：
經(jīng)度 ，緯度 。
⑵該日正午太陽高度隨緯度變化規(guī)律
；地球上有極夜現(xiàn)象的范圍是
。
⑶圖中，等值線B的數(shù)值應(yīng)為 。
⑷有關(guān)經(jīng)線X度數(shù)的敘述正確的是 ( )
A．等于1100E B．等于1300E C．小于1300E D．大于1300E
⑸圖15表示該日某中學(xué)操場上旗桿(旗桿立于O點(diǎn))桿影端點(diǎn)移動的軌跡和方向，其中正確的是( )
36． (1)1200E 200N (2)從200N向南北遞減 700S及其以南地區(qū)
(3)800 (4)D (5)A
第一節(jié) 能量的相互轉(zhuǎn)化
一、教學(xué)目標(biāo)
1．能列舉能的多種形式。
2．了解不同形式的能量之間可以相互轉(zhuǎn)化。
二、教具
手電筒、課件
三、教學(xué)方法
討論和合作學(xué)習(xí)
四、教學(xué)過程
（一） 展示人造衛(wèi)星
問1：你知道這是什么嗎？
生：人造衛(wèi)星。
問2：你對人造衛(wèi)星了解多少？請哪位同學(xué)來說一說？
生：……
總結(jié)補(bǔ)充：1970年4月，中國成功發(fā)射了第一顆人造衛(wèi)星――東方紅一號，標(biāo)志著中國進(jìn)入了太空時(shí)代，并成為當(dāng)時(shí)世界上第五個(gè)能研制和發(fā)射人造衛(wèi)星的國家。據(jù)知，中國至今共發(fā)射約五十顆不同類型的人造衛(wèi)星，現(xiàn)在在軌飛行工作的衛(wèi)星約十顆。 2003年10月15日，“神舟五號”載人飛船發(fā)射成功標(biāo)志載人航天工程取得歷史性重大突破。
書本82頁討論1：如圖3-2所示，人造衛(wèi)星在太空中工作所需的電能來自哪里？
答：上世紀(jì)50年代，第一個(gè)實(shí)用性的硅太陽電池在美國貝爾研究所試制成功，不久就被首次應(yīng)用于美國“先鋒1號”人造衛(wèi)星的發(fā)電系統(tǒng)上。隨著人類探索宇宙步伐的加快，太陽電池的開發(fā)也得到了極大地促進(jìn)。迄今為止，太空中成千上萬的飛行器上幾乎都裝備了太陽電池發(fā)電系統(tǒng)。 問4：火箭推動人造衛(wèi)星升空的過程中具有什么能？這些能是什么能轉(zhuǎn)化而來的？
生：火箭推動人造衛(wèi)星升空的過程中動能和重力勢能（即具有機(jī)械能）。燃料通過燃燒把化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)化為熱能，熱能再轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)械能。
（二）師生一起看書本圖3-1、圖3-3、圖3-4，討論這些事例中能量的相互轉(zhuǎn)化
圖3-1中積雪的勢能轉(zhuǎn)化為動能。
圖3-3中熱能轉(zhuǎn)化為動能
圖3-4青蛙消耗了儲存在體內(nèi)的化學(xué)能，這些能來自呼吸作用：有機(jī)物+氧氣 → 二氧化碳+水+能量；這些能在青蛙躍起時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)械能了。
他消耗的能量可以通過什么來補(bǔ)充？通過食物，可見食物當(dāng)中也儲存著能量，儲存在食物中的能稱為化學(xué)能。
補(bǔ)充問題：動物和植物生命活動所需的能量分別由什么能轉(zhuǎn)化而來？
答：動物來自于食物，是食物中的化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)移為動物的化學(xué)能；植物能進(jìn)行光合作用制造營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，能量來自太陽，是太陽能轉(zhuǎn)化為植物體內(nèi)的生物質(zhì)能：二氧化碳+水→有機(jī)物+氧氣
分析：手電筒發(fā)光實(shí)驗(yàn)中能量的變化；電風(fēng)扇工作時(shí)能量的轉(zhuǎn)化。
手電筒發(fā)光實(shí)驗(yàn)中，干電池的化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，電能又通過小燈泡轉(zhuǎn)化為熱能和光能；
電風(fēng)扇工作時(shí)電能轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)械能和熱能。電能=機(jī)械能+熱能。究竟有多少電能轉(zhuǎn)化為多少機(jī)械能和多少熱能呢？我們將在后面幾節(jié)中解決這一問題。
總結(jié)：大量的事實(shí)表明，自然界中各種形式的能量都不是孤立的，不同形式的能量會發(fā)生相互轉(zhuǎn)化，能量也會在不同的物體間相互轉(zhuǎn)移。
所謂“消耗能量”、“利用能量”或者“獲得能量”，實(shí)質(zhì)上就是能量相互轉(zhuǎn)化或轉(zhuǎn)移的過程。
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不同形式能之間
同種形式能從一個(gè)物體轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)物體
（三）讓學(xué)生進(jìn)一步對圖3-5進(jìn)行討論。
膠片感光：光能轉(zhuǎn)化為化學(xué)能
特技跳傘：勢能轉(zhuǎn)化為動能。
比較：同一個(gè)人從1米高處跳下和從20米高處跳下的結(jié)果為何不同？
一個(gè)小石塊和一個(gè)大石塊都從1米高處落下分別落到你的左腳和右腳上，后果有什么不同，為什么不同？
說明：勢能的大小與物體的質(zhì)量和所處的高度有關(guān)。質(zhì)量一定，高度越高，勢能越大；高度一定，質(zhì)量越大，勢能越大。E勢=mgh。勢能越大，轉(zhuǎn)化為動能就越多，造成的傷害就越大。一輛汽車慢速行駛時(shí)和快速行駛撞車時(shí)造成的傷害不同正是由于它們具有不同的動能，速度越大造成的傷害越大。一輛小汽車和一輛大卡車以同樣的速度行駛，撞車時(shí)造成的傷害不同也是由于它們具有不同的動能，質(zhì)量越大動能越大。動能的大小與物體的質(zhì)量和速度有關(guān)。E動=1/2mv2。
激光切割金屬：光能轉(zhuǎn)化為熱能。
森林火災(zāi)：枯枝敗葉呼吸作用產(chǎn)生熱（化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)化為熱能），同時(shí)吸收太陽輻射熱（太陽輻射熱轉(zhuǎn)移到枯枝敗葉上），如果這些熱能難以散發(fā)出去，溫度會越來越高，達(dá)到著火點(diǎn)后便燃燒起來，此時(shí)化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)化為熱能。
植物生長需要陽光：二氧化碳+水→有機(jī)物+氧氣，光能轉(zhuǎn)化為化學(xué)能儲存在植物體內(nèi)。
簡述小型水電站發(fā)電的能量變化。
小型水電站發(fā)電：（1）水流由高到低，勢能轉(zhuǎn)化為動能。（2）水流沖擊轉(zhuǎn)盤，帶動電動機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動，水流的動能轉(zhuǎn)移為轉(zhuǎn)盤的動能。（3）發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動發(fā)電，動能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。
思考題：
書本84頁思考題和85頁練習(xí)題
84頁思考題：化學(xué)能→熱能 熱能→化學(xué)能
85頁練習(xí)1：汽車燃燒以化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)化為車發(fā)動機(jī)的動能，同時(shí)有一部分化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)化成汽缸等裝置的內(nèi)能，使溫度升高。汽車蓄電池充電時(shí)電能轉(zhuǎn)化成化學(xué)能，放電時(shí)化學(xué)能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能。
85頁練習(xí)2：煤（或其他燃料）釋放的化學(xué)能→水蒸氣的內(nèi)能→蒸汽汽車的動能。
光 的 折 射
重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)：
光的折射規(guī)律。
光從空氣斜射入水中或其他介質(zhì)中時(shí)，折射光線向法線方向偏折。
考點(diǎn):
1．了解光的折射現(xiàn)象，能作光的折射的圖示。
2．通過觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)了解光的折射特征。
名師精講：
1． 了解光的折射現(xiàn)象，即從一種介質(zhì)斜射入另一種介質(zhì)時(shí),傳播方向發(fā)生折射。
2． 了解光從空氣斜射入水中或其他介質(zhì)中偏折規(guī)律。
3． 了解光在發(fā)生折射時(shí)，光路的可逆性。
4． 通過觀察，認(rèn)識折射現(xiàn)象。
5． 體驗(yàn)由折射引起的錯(cuò)覺。
中考典型：
1．光從空氣斜射入水中折射角--------------------入射角；光從玻璃斜射入空氣中，折射角--------------------入射角。（選填：大于、小于、等于）（廣州市2000年高中階段學(xué)校招生考試物理試卷）
2．圖中所示，MN是兩種均勻介質(zhì)的分界面，已知兩種介質(zhì)其中一種是空氣。一光線從A入射到B介質(zhì)，則入射角大小等于--------------------，折射角大小等于--------------------，其中--------------------介質(zhì)是空氣。
M
3．在空碗里放一枚硬幣，當(dāng)碗內(nèi) A B
盛滿水時(shí)，看上去碗底的硬幣要比 N
實(shí)際的深度----------------- 些 （選填：
深、淺），這是由于光的-----------------的緣故。
（廣州市2001年高中階段學(xué)校招生考試物理試卷）
4．一光線有空氣斜射如水中，入射角為300，在水面上同時(shí)產(chǎn)生入射和折射，此時(shí)折射光線與反射光線之間夾角的大小一定
A．小于300 B．大于300小于600
C．大于600小于1200 D．大于1200小于1500
（廣州市2003年高中階段學(xué)校招生考試物理試卷）
5．下列現(xiàn)象中屬于光的折射現(xiàn)象的是
A． 人在湖邊看到對岸的樹木在水中的倒影
B．人在河邊看到水底的石頭
C．司機(jī)從后視鏡看到汽車后面的景物
D．小孔成像0
（廣州市2004年高中階段學(xué)校招生考試物理試卷）
科目 英語
年級 高三
文件 high3 unit4.doc
標(biāo)題 Feed the World
章節(jié) 第四單元
關(guān)鍵詞 高三英語第四單元
內(nèi)容
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
本單元提出的是一個(gè)全世界都關(guān)注的問題：《全世界人的吃飯問題》。14-15兩課是說明文。作者揭示了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：世界人口不斷增加，而耕地面積日益減少，世界每年要有十分之一的人中因饑餓而死亡。作者還指出了造成耕地面積減少的原因，并提出了改變這一現(xiàn)象的建議。
建議教師可選擇有關(guān)錄像片幫助學(xué)生深刻認(rèn)識：保護(hù)耕地和控制人口過快增長的重要性；用問答和討論的方法完成本單元的知識和能力目標(biāo)。
【指點(diǎn)迷津】
本單元重點(diǎn)知識：
A)單詞和詞組：
*regret:
v. be sorry for the loss of; wish to have again; feel sorry for懊悔；抱歉；遺憾。后接不定式與-ing意思不同。接不定式意為“遺憾要去做……”
；接-ing已為“已做……而后悔”。
We deeply regretted his death.
I regret to say that I can’t help you. (比I am sorry to say that…較為正式的表達(dá))
He regrets that he was rude to her.
他后悔對她不禮貌。
She regretted not having told you about it earlier.
她后悔沒有早點(diǎn)告訴你這件事。
n. feeling of sadness at the loss of sth. or disappointment because sth. has or has not been done.懊悔；抱歉；遺憾。
I feel regret at her absence.
她沒來，我感到很可惜。
We heard with regret that you were not successful in your plan.
聽到你的計(jì)劃沒有成功，我們感到遺憾。
I waste no time in useless regret.
*provide: v.to supply; to prepare for提供；供給、裝備；
搭配為：provide sb. sth.; provide sth. for sb. provide sb. with sth.
We can provide ourselves.
我們現(xiàn)在可以自給自足了。
The mother provided them some thick clothes.
母親為他們準(zhǔn)備了一些厚衣服。
We must provide food for the trip.
我們必須準(zhǔn)備旅途中的食品。
The Red Cross provides food and clothes for the sufferers.
紅十字會向難民提供食品和衣服。
*increase: v.[in’kris] to become greater in size, number, value etc.增加；繁殖。
The population of this town has increased to 2000,000.
城鎮(zhèn)的人中去年增加了二十萬。
The population of this town increased by 10 percent last year.
這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的人口去年增加到二十萬。
There has been a big increase in road accidents.
近來交通事故有所增加。
注意：increase的n.名詞讀音與動詞不同[‘ inkris]，它的反義詞為decrease v.減少；縮減。
*now and again; occasionally; at times; now and then時(shí)而
On my way home from school, I called on Granny Li now and again.
在放學(xué)回家的路上，我時(shí)而去看望李奶奶。
*help oneself to… serve oneself with food(drink) etc. 衣隨便吃（喝）
Please help yourself to some fish. It is fresh.
魚很新鮮，請隨便嘗嘗。
*day by day; as time goes by 逐日；一天一天地
Day by day she learnt more about her work.
她日益了解了自己的工作。
*look forward to(doing) sth. 欣然期待（去做）謀事。
The little girl was looking forward to seeing her uncle from America.
那個(gè)小姑娘正盼望著見到從美國來的叔叔。
*be suitable for; be right for a purpose適宜的；適當(dāng)?shù)�；恰�?dāng)?shù)摹?/p>
Do you think this present is suitable for a little boy?
你認(rèn)為這個(gè)禮物對于孩子合適嗎？
*be in debt: owe a lot of money 欠債
The old man was in heavily debt in order to buy seeds.
那位老人為了買種子身負(fù)重債。
*make sense: have an understandable meaning有意義；有道理；講得通；
be sensible是明智的；是合情合理的。
What you say makes no sense.
你說的話沒有道理。
It doesn’t make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
這件便宜的大衣也很好，何必也買那件貴的。
*earn one’s living: get money by working謀生； 掙錢生活
I start to earn my own living this very afternoon.
從今天下午開始，我自己掙錢養(yǎng)活自己了。
*for one thing: (used to introduce a reason for sth.用以引出謀事的理由 )一來
I’m afraid that I won’t be able to spend the weekend with you in Dalian. For one thing, I have no money and another I’m too busy.
恐怕我不能和你一起去大連度周末了，一來我沒有錢，二來我太忙。
以上單詞和詞組可通過聽對話錄音，教師介紹過程中呈現(xiàn)，然后用問答討論課文內(nèi)容等方式再現(xiàn)以上單詞和詞組加深理解詞義，掌握用法，緊后用句型轉(zhuǎn)換或補(bǔ)全名子等方法鞏固，開發(fā)運(yùn)用。
B)本單元應(yīng)掌握的重點(diǎn)文法知識：名詞性從句
名詞從句包括主語、表語、賓語和同位語從句。從總體上要注意兩點(diǎn)：
連接主句與從句的連詞有副詞why, how, where, when, whether, if,它們在從句中充當(dāng)狀語成份，個(gè)有不同的詞意，因此不能省略。代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, 它們在從句中充當(dāng)主語、定語、賓語，個(gè)有不同的詞意，因此也不能省略。在聯(lián)系中取舍哪一個(gè)詞，本著缺什么成份，把它補(bǔ)齊，使句子在結(jié)構(gòu)上與含意上完整就可以了。不同的連詞，名子的意思也不同。例如：
Why/How/Where/When/Whether/Of what material the new house will be built hasn’t been decided yet.
為什么/怎樣/在什么地方/什么時(shí)候/是否/用什么材料建這座房子還沒有定下來。
【學(xué)法指要】
本單元語法難點(diǎn)：
1.掌握that在名詞性從句中的用法。that在賓語從句中，不充當(dāng)成份，也無詞意，因此它可以省去；在主語、表語和同位語從句中，that雖然不充當(dāng)成份，也無詞意，但不能省略。
Today’s newspaper reports(that) sales of beef in China will increase.（賓語從句）
今天的報(bào)紙報(bào)道說，中國的牛肉銷售量將會增加。
That land ownership in some countries is unfair is obvious.（主語從句）
在一些國家里，土地所有制的不公平是顯而易見的。
The reason is that is has been raining for five days.（表語從句）
原因是已經(jīng)下了五天的雨。
The reason that it has been raining for five days is why the crops has been flooded.
連續(xù)下了五天的雨，所以莊稼都泡在水里了。（同位語從句）
2.注意賓語從句中主句與從句謂語動詞時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)。
賓語從句中主句與從句謂語動詞時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)有三種情況：
A)主語謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在和將來時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句謂語動詞可用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。
Tom says that his sister is(was, will be) a doctor.
B)主句謂語動詞用過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句謂語動詞則根據(jù)語境用過去時(shí)間的各種時(shí)態(tài)。這規(guī)律意也適用于主語、表語和同位語從句。
He thought the boy was honest.
I told him his brother was coming(would come).
We didn’t know whether they had finished their work.
注意：當(dāng)從句說的內(nèi)容是一般真理或客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，從句謂語動詞仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
The mother told her little daughter that the earth goes round the sum.
He told me that the train for Beijing leaves at 10:30.
Somebody told me that you are a teacher.
3.否定轉(zhuǎn)移
當(dāng)主句的動詞是think, believe, suppose, expect時(shí)，從句的否定要前移。
I don’t think she is right.
【妙文賞析】
Many centuries ago, all people had gathered seeds and plants to eat. They did not know how to farm or raise animals for food. Because they used stone tools and weapons, we call them the Stone Age people. There are people who still live much like these Stone Age people lived. They live in places that are hard to reach. Because they have met few outsiders, they do not know about modern inventions. They have not traded ways of doing things with others. For 25,000 years, groups of people have lived alone in the middle of Australia. One of the groups is the Aruba tatribe. They do not know how to farm, nor do they raise animals. The Artuntas spend most of their time searching for food and water. The men hunt animals with stone---tipped spears. The women and children look for roots, seeds and nuts. Several Artunta families live together. They have no houses. At night, they sleep around fires.
【思維體操】
閱讀下列廣告，回答1-5問題。
WUHAN PLUMBING(水管) & HEATING
Since 1992
Plumbing and Heating Installation(安裝)
LARGE OR SMALL
Free
ESTIMATE(估計(jì))
24 Hours 7 Days Service
Payment Open
8267896
261 Dong Fang Road
Wuchang
1.What is written above is _______.
A. a notice B. an address
C. an advertisement D. a poster
2.What service is offered free by Wuhan P.& H.?
A. Installation B. Quality of houses
C. Estimates of costs D. Large or small repairs
3.For which of the following problems would one call Wuhan P.& H.?
A. A leak(漏) in the roof.
B. Gas leak in the refrigerator.
C. Something wrong with wall plugs.
D. A broken bathroom pipe leaking water all over the floor.
4.The person who calls Wuhan P.& H. may discuss _____.
A. A duties B. experience C. cost D. salary
5.Wuhan is in _____ Province.
A. Hubei B. Hebei C. Hunan D. Henan
答案：CCDCA
【心中有數(shù)】
本單元的語法重點(diǎn)是名詞性從句，而名詞性從句的考查在高考試卷單項(xiàng)選擇一題中一般情況下占20%，即在20個(gè)小題中有一個(gè)小題。如：
1.─I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
─Is that _____ you had a few days off ?
A. why B. when C. what D. where (NMET99)
2.─It was _____ he said _____ disappointed me.
A. what; that B. that; that
C. what; what D. that; what (上海99)
答案：1.A；2.A
分析：
句1：從題干和所給的4個(gè)選擇中不難看出本題考查的是表語從句。“I drove to Zhuhai for the air show.”提出一個(gè)事實(shí)，而第二句表明“I”不在的原因。故答案為A.why。
句2：該句考查的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句和主語從句。該句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句中的主語，而該句的主語又是一個(gè)從句。從這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中可以看出第二個(gè)空和“It was”構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句，故第二個(gè)空應(yīng)該是that；第一個(gè)空和“he said”構(gòu)成主語從句；在這個(gè)從句中“said”一詞后缺少賓語，故答案為A.what;that。
【動腦動手】
同步訓(xùn)練
I.單詞拼寫：
1.A country is not likely to develop without industry and a____.
2.Zhou Enlai will always be remembered as a great p_____.
3.The dish is not salty. Do you mind pouring some s____ on it?
4.Greatly to my r_____ , I am unable to accept your kind invitation.
5.His death means a great l____ to science.
6.It is not _____(合適) to grow cash crops here.
7.We don’t care what _____(材料) they really want.
8.The problem was how they could ______(償還) so much.
9.They had to _____(承認(rèn)) what they had done was wrong.
10.Who has won the first place will not be _____(公布) until the game is over.
II.單項(xiàng)選擇
A)同步訓(xùn)練
11.I can not help _____ of my childhood _____ I see the wound in my leg.
A. think, when B. thinking, whenever
C. to think, when D. thought, no matter when
12.At the party we _____ to some ice cream.
A. helped B. to help C. helping D. were helped
13.______ the orders or you will be punished.
A. Have B. Receive C. Obey D. Place
14.─Is this machine _____ order or _____ good order?
─It works very well
A. in; in B. out of; in
C. in; out of D. out of; out of
15.We are all looking _____ the day when our country will be highly developed.
A. at B. for C. up D. forward to
16.The city was almost destroyed completely by an earth quake many years ago.
A. damaged slightly B. torn C. ruined D. broken
17.The expedition _____ no loss of life and returned to their base on time.
A. made B. got C. gained D. suffered
18.If you want a plant to ____, you had better _____ it in the garden.
A. plant; plant B. grow; plant
C. plant; grow D. be grown; grow
19.Last year farmers could not have their wheat crops _____ because of the bad weather.
A. increasing B. decreased
C. increased D. decreasing
20.It didn’t take her long to work ____ that she would soon have no money left.
A. at B. on C. for D. out
B)語法訓(xùn)練
21.It is _____ that the experiment should be made under low temperature.
A. said B. reported C. told D. suggested
22.______ man first made use of electricity is not exactly known.
A. When B. Whether C. That D. What
23.______ this material will be used in the product has not been decided yet.
A. If B. That C. What D. Whether
24.______ we are saying is more than ______ we will do.
A. That; that B. What; what
C. As; as D. Whatever; that
25.Our doubt is _____ he can do the experiment alone.
A. that B. if C. whether D.what
26.The reason ______ he didn’t come to our party was _____ he took a missing boy back home on his way here.
A. why; because B. why; that
C. that; why D. that; that
27.Do you have no idea ______?
A. how fast light travels B. how fast does light travel
C. how soon light travels D. how rapid light travels
28.Do you have no doubt _____ he will succeed in finding a new job?
A. if B. whether C. that D. whether or not
29.I kept looking at the man, wondering _______.
A. whether had I had seen him before
B. where I had seen him before
C. that I had seen him before
D. when I had seen before
30.The teacher told the children that man _____ any life on the moon.
A. didn’t find B. could not find
C. doesn’t find D. hasn’t been able to find
III.完型填空
In the 17th century corn was grown a lot in Tibet and Sichuan. At that time the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very 31 ;there was not enough 32 for the population. Farmers had to move 33 the hills, but they 34 rice there. They needed plant which didn’t need 35 water as rice. 36 they were able to grow the new corn.
Today, corn is found all over the world. It is a very useful plant that can be 37 in many different ways. People in the West often boil in 38 over an open fire. In many parts of the world corn 39 powder. The powder is then 40 water and other things, and made inot different kinds of food.
31.A. crowd
B. crowded
C. crowds
D. a crowd
32.A. rooms
B. places
C. room
D. place
33.A. into
B. in
C. to
D. on
34.A. hadn’t grown
B. didn’t grow
C. can’t raise
D. couldn’t grow
35.A. as many
B. as much
C. as much as
D. much as
36.A. Luckily
B. Unluckily
C. Fortunate
D. Unfortunately
37.A. cooking
B. to cook
C. prepared
D. done
38.A. all
B. whole
C. completely
D. each
39.A. makes into
B. be made to
C. be made from
D. is made into
40.A. mixed with
B. mixed to
C. mixing
D. to mix
IV.短文改錯(cuò)
Plants are very important living thing. Life could not
go on when there were no plants. This is why plants can
make food with air and, water, or sunlight. Animals and men
can’t make food with air, water or sunlight. Animals can get
its food by eating plants and other animals. Man gets his food by eating plants and animals, either. Therefore, animals, and
man need plants in order to live. This is that we find we find
such many plants around us. If you look carefully at the plants around you, you’ll find that there are many types plants. Some
plants are big, while others are small. Most of plants are green.
41.______
42.______
43.______
44.______
45.______
46.______
47.______
48.______
49.______
50.______
【創(chuàng)新園地】
語言功能 從下列各題的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出一個(gè)最佳答案。
1.─My daughter has passed the exam.
─Congratulations! She’s really intelligent.
─_______
A. No, no, she is intelligent.
B. Oh, thank you!
C. Sometimes she is intelligent.
D. You are right.
2.─You forgot to feed the cat again!
─________
A. I can’t remember.
B. I don’t mind feeding her again.
C. I’ll do it now.
D. Yes, I did. What about you!
3.─Mum, I’ve cut my finger. It’s bleeding!
─________
A. Let me see.
B. Don’t worry.
C. Be careful
D. Let me have a look
4.─What’s happened to my library book?
─________
A. I’ve no idea.
B. You borrowed them from the library.
C. You bought them yesterday.
D. They’re about long life.
5.─Where is Tom this morning?
─He’s got a cold.
─________
A. Just tell him to take it easy.
B. What’s the matter with him?
C. He’s absent.
D. What? Where is he?
答案：
1.agriculture; 2.politician; 3.sauce; 4.regret; 5.loss
6.suitable; 7.materials; 8.repay; 9.admit; 10.announced
11-15BDCBD 16-20CDCCD 21-25BADBC 26-30BACBD
31-35BCADB 36-40ACBDA
Plants are very important living thing. Life could not
go on when there were no plants. This is why plants can
make food with
air and, water, or sunlight. Animals and men
can’t make food with air, water or sunlight. Animals can get
its food by eating plants and other animals. Man gets his food by eating plants and animals, either. Therefore, animals, and
man need plants in order to live. This is that we find we find
such many plants around us. If you look carefully at the plants around you, you’ll find that there are many types plants. Some
plants are big, when others are small. Most of plants are green.
41.things
42.if
43.and
44.Ö
45.their
46.too
47.why
48.so
49.of
50.while
【創(chuàng)新園地答案】
1.B; 2.C; 3.D; 4.A; 5.A
科目 英語
年級 高三
文件 high3 unit4.doc
標(biāo)題 Feed the World
章節(jié) 第四單元
關(guān)鍵詞 高三英語第四單元
內(nèi)容
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
本單元提出的是一個(gè)全世界都關(guān)注的問題：《全世界人的吃飯問題》。14-15兩課是說明文。作者揭示了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)：世界人口不斷增加，而耕地面積日益減少，世界每年要有十分之一的人中因饑餓而死亡。作者還指出了造成耕地面積減少的原因，并提出了改變這一現(xiàn)象的建議。
建議教師可選擇有關(guān)錄像片幫助學(xué)生深刻認(rèn)識：保護(hù)耕地和控制人口過快增長的重要性；用問答和討論的方法完成本單元的知識和能力目標(biāo)。
【指點(diǎn)迷津】
本單元重點(diǎn)知識：
A)單詞和詞組：
*regret:
v. be sorry for the loss of; wish to have again; feel sorry for懊悔；抱歉；遺憾。后接不定式與-ing意思不同。接不定式意為“遺憾要去做……”
；接-ing已為“已做……而后悔”。
We deeply regretted his death.
I regret to say that I can’t help you. (比I am sorry to say that…較為正式的表達(dá))
He regrets that he was rude to her.
他后悔對她不禮貌。
She regretted not having told you about it earlier.
她后悔沒有早點(diǎn)告訴你這件事。
n. feeling of sadness at the loss of sth. or disappointment because sth. has or has not been done.懊悔；抱歉；遺憾。
I feel regret at her absence.
她沒來，我感到很可惜。
We heard with regret that you were not successful in your plan.
聽到你的計(jì)劃沒有成功，我們感到遺憾。
I waste no time in useless regret.
*provide: v.to supply; to prepare for提供；供給、裝備；
搭配為：provide sb. sth.; provide sth. for sb. provide sb. with sth.
We can provide ourselves.
我們現(xiàn)在可以自給自足了。
The mother provided them some thick clothes.
母親為他們準(zhǔn)備了一些厚衣服。
We must provide food for the trip.
我們必須準(zhǔn)備旅途中的食品。
The Red Cross provides food and clothes for the sufferers.
紅十字會向難民提供食品和衣服。
*increase: v.[in’kris] to become greater in size, number, value etc.增加；繁殖。
The population of this town has increased to 2000,000.
城鎮(zhèn)的人中去年增加了二十萬。
The population of this town increased by 10 percent last year.
這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的人口去年增加到二十萬。
There has been a big increase in road accidents.
近來交通事故有所增加。
注意：increase的n.名詞讀音與動詞不同[‘ inkris]，它的反義詞為decrease v.減少；縮減。
*now and again; occasionally; at times; now and then時(shí)而
On my way home from school, I called on Granny Li now and again.
在放學(xué)回家的路上，我時(shí)而去看望李奶奶。
*help oneself to… serve oneself with food(drink) etc. 衣隨便吃（喝）
Please help yourself to some fish. It is fresh.
魚很新鮮，請隨便嘗嘗。
*day by day; as time goes by 逐日；一天一天地
Day by day she learnt more about her work.
她日益了解了自己的工作。
*look forward to(doing) sth. 欣然期待（去做）謀事。
The little girl was looking forward to seeing her uncle from America.
那個(gè)小姑娘正盼望著見到從美國來的叔叔。
*be suitable for; be right for a purpose適宜的；適當(dāng)?shù)�；恰�?dāng)?shù)摹?/p>
Do you think this present is suitable for a little boy?
你認(rèn)為這個(gè)禮物對于孩子合適嗎？
*be in debt: owe a lot of money 欠債
The old man was in heavily debt in order to buy seeds.
那位老人為了買種子身負(fù)重債。
*make sense: have an understandable meaning有意義；有道理；講得通；
be sensible是明智的；是合情合理的。
What you say makes no sense.
你說的話沒有道理。
It doesn’t make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
這件便宜的大衣也很好，何必也買那件貴的。
*earn one’s living: get money by working謀生； 掙錢生活
I start to earn my own living this very afternoon.
從今天下午開始，我自己掙錢養(yǎng)活自己了。
*for one thing: (used to introduce a reason for sth.用以引出謀事的理由 )一來
I’m afraid that I won’t be able to spend the weekend with you in Dalian. For one thing, I have no money and another I’m too busy.
恐怕我不能和你一起去大連度周末了，一來我沒有錢，二來我太忙。
以上單詞和詞組可通過聽對話錄音，教師介紹過程中呈現(xiàn)，然后用問答討論課文內(nèi)容等方式再現(xiàn)以上單詞和詞組加深理解詞義，掌握用法，緊后用句型轉(zhuǎn)換或補(bǔ)全名子等方法鞏固，開發(fā)運(yùn)用。
B)本單元應(yīng)掌握的重點(diǎn)文法知識：名詞性從句
名詞從句包括主語、表語、賓語和同位語從句。從總體上要注意兩點(diǎn)：
連接主句與從句的連詞有副詞why, how, where, when, whether, if,它們在從句中充當(dāng)狀語成份，個(gè)有不同的詞意，因此不能省略。代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, 它們在從句中充當(dāng)主語、定語、賓語，個(gè)有不同的詞意，因此也不能省略。在聯(lián)系中取舍哪一個(gè)詞，本著缺什么成份，把它補(bǔ)齊，使句子在結(jié)構(gòu)上與含意上完整就可以了。不同的連詞，名子的意思也不同。例如：
Why/How/Where/When/Whether/Of what material the new house will be built hasn’t been decided yet.
為什么/怎樣/在什么地方/什么時(shí)候/是否/用什么材料建這座房子還沒有定下來。
【學(xué)法指要】
本單元語法難點(diǎn)：
1.掌握that在名詞性從句中的用法。that在賓語從句中，不充當(dāng)成份，也無詞意，因此它可以省去；在主語、表語和同位語從句中，that雖然不充當(dāng)成份，也無詞意，但不能省略。
Today’s newspaper reports(that) sales of beef in China will increase.（賓語從句）
今天的報(bào)紙報(bào)道說，中國的牛肉銷售量將會增加。
That land ownership in some countries is unfair is obvious.（主語從句）
在一些國家里，土地所有制的不公平是顯而易見的。
The reason is that is has been raining for five days.（表語從句）
原因是已經(jīng)下了五天的雨。
The reason that it has been raining for five days is why the crops has been flooded.
連續(xù)下了五天的雨，所以莊稼都泡在水里了。（同位語從句）
2.注意賓語從句中主句與從句謂語動詞時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)。
賓語從句中主句與從句謂語動詞時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)有三種情況：
A)主語謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在和將來時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句謂語動詞可用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。
Tom says that his sister is(was, will be) a doctor.
B)主句謂語動詞用過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句謂語動詞則根據(jù)語境用過去時(shí)間的各種時(shí)態(tài)。這規(guī)律意也適用于主語、表語和同位語從句。
He thought the boy was honest.
I told him his brother was coming(would come).
We didn’t know whether they had finished their work.
注意：當(dāng)從句說的內(nèi)容是一般真理或客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，從句謂語動詞仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
The mother told her little daughter that the earth goes round the sum.
He told me that the train for Beijing leaves at 10:30.
Somebody told me that you are a teacher.
3.否定轉(zhuǎn)移
當(dāng)主句的動詞是think, believe, suppose, expect時(shí)，從句的否定要前移。
I don’t think she is right.
【妙文賞析】
Many centuries ago, all people had gathered seeds and plants to eat. They did not know how to farm or raise animals for food. Because they used stone tools and weapons, we call them the Stone Age people. There are people who still live much like these Stone Age people lived. They live in places that are hard to reach. Because they have met few outsiders, they do not know about modern inventions. They have not traded ways of doing things with others. For 25,000 years, groups of people have lived alone in the middle of Australia. One of the groups is the Aruba tatribe. They do not know how to farm, nor do they raise animals. The Artuntas spend most of their time searching for food and water. The men hunt animals with stone---tipped spears. The women and children look for roots, seeds and nuts. Several Artunta families live together. They have no houses. At night, they sleep around fires.
【思維體操】
閱讀下列廣告，回答1-5問題。
WUHAN PLUMBING(水管) & HEATING
Since 1992
Plumbing and Heating Installation(安裝)
LARGE OR SMALL
Free
ESTIMATE(估計(jì))
24 Hours 7 Days Service
Payment Open
8267896
261 Dong Fang Road
Wuchang
1.What is written above is _______.
A. a notice B. an address
C. an advertisement D. a poster
2.What service is offered free by Wuhan P.& H.?
A. Installation B. Quality of houses
C. Estimates of costs D. Large or small repairs
3.For which of the following problems would one call Wuhan P.& H.?
A. A leak(漏) in the roof.
B. Gas leak in the refrigerator.
C. Something wrong with wall plugs.
D. A broken bathroom pipe leaking water all over the floor.
4.The person who calls Wuhan P.& H. may discuss _____.
A. A duties B. experience C. cost D. salary
5.Wuhan is in _____ Province.
A. Hubei B. Hebei C. Hunan D. Henan
答案：CCDCA
【心中有數(shù)】
本單元的語法重點(diǎn)是名詞性從句，而名詞性從句的考查在高考試卷單項(xiàng)選擇一題中一般情況下占20%，即在20個(gè)小題中有一個(gè)小題。如：
1.─I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
─Is that _____ you had a few days off ?
A. why B. when C. what D. where (NMET99)
2.─It was _____ he said _____ disappointed me.
A. what; that B. that; that
C. what; what D. that; what (上海99)
答案：1.A；2.A
分析：
句1：從題干和所給的4個(gè)選擇中不難看出本題考查的是表語從句�！癐 drove to Zhuhai for the air show.”提出一個(gè)事實(shí)，而第二句表明“I”不在的原因。故答案為A.why。
句2：該句考查的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句和主語從句。該句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是句中的主語，而該句的主語又是一個(gè)從句。從這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中可以看出第二個(gè)空和“It was”構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句，故第二個(gè)空應(yīng)該是that；第一個(gè)空和“he said”構(gòu)成主語從句；在這個(gè)從句中“said”一詞后缺少賓語，故答案為A.what;that。
【動腦動手】
同步訓(xùn)練
I.單詞拼寫：
1.A country is not likely to develop without industry and a____.
2.Zhou Enlai will always be remembered as a great p_____.
3.The dish is not salty. Do you mind pouring some s____ on it?
4.Greatly to my r_____ , I am unable to accept your kind invitation.
5.His death means a great l____ to science.
6.It is not _____(合適) to grow cash crops here.
7.We don’t care what _____(材料) they really want.
8.The problem was how they could ______(償還) so much.
9.They had to _____(承認(rèn)) what they had done was wrong.
10.Who has won the first place will not be _____(公布) until the game is over.
II.單項(xiàng)選擇
A)同步訓(xùn)練
11.I can not help _____ of my childhood _____ I see the wound in my leg.
A. think, when B. thinking, whenever
C. to think, when D. thought, no matter when
12.At the party we _____ to some ice cream.
A. helped B. to help C. helping D. were helped
13.______ the orders or you will be punished.
A. Have B. Receive C. Obey D. Place
14.─Is this machine _____ order or _____ good order?
─It works very well
A. in; in B. out of; in
C. in; out of D. out of; out of
15.We are all looking _____ the day when our country will be highly developed.
A. at B. for C. up D. forward to
16.The city was almost destroyed completely by an earth quake many years ago.
A. damaged slightly B. torn C. ruined D. broken
17.The expedition _____ no loss of life and returned to their base on time.
A. made B. got C. gained D. suffered
18.If you want a plant to ____, you had better _____ it in the garden.
A. plant; plant B. grow; plant
C. plant; grow D. be grown; grow
19.Last year farmers could not have their wheat crops _____ because of the bad weather.
A. increasing B. decreased
C. increased D. decreasing
20.It didn’t take her long to work ____ that she would soon have no money left.
A. at B. on C. for D. out
B)語法訓(xùn)練
21.It is _____ that the experiment should be made under low temperature.
A. said B. reported C. told D. suggested
22.______ man first made use of electricity is not exactly known.
A. When B. Whether C. That D. What
23.______ this material will be used in the product has not been decided yet.
A. If B. That C. What D. Whether
24.______ we are saying is more than ______ we will do.
A. That; that B. What; what
C. As; as D. Whatever; that
25.Our doubt is _____ he can do the experiment alone.
A. that B. if C. whether D.what
26.The reason ______ he didn’t come to our party was _____ he took a missing boy back home on his way here.
A. why; because B. why; that
C. that; why D. that; that
27.Do you have no idea ______?
A. how fast light travels B. how fast does light travel
C. how soon light travels D. how rapid light travels
28.Do you have no doubt _____ he will succeed in finding a new job?
A. if B. whether C. that D. whether or not
29.I kept looking at the man, wondering _______.
A. whether had I had seen him before
B. where I had seen him before
C. that I had seen him before
D. when I had seen before
30.The teacher told the children that man _____ any life on the moon.
A. didn’t find B. could not find
C. doesn’t find D. hasn’t been able to find
III.完型填空
In the 17th century corn was grown a lot in Tibet and Sichuan. At that time the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very 31 ;there was not enough 32 for the population. Farmers had to move 33 the hills, but they 34 rice there. They needed plant which didn’t need 35 water as rice. 36 they were able to grow the new corn.
Today, corn is found all over the world. It is a very useful plant that can be 37 in many different ways. People in the West often boil in 38 over an open fire. In many parts of the world corn 39 powder. The powder is then 40 water and other things, and made inot different kinds of food.
31.A. crowd
B. crowded
C. crowds
D. a crowd
32.A. rooms
B. places
C. room
D. place
33.A. into
B. in
C. to
D. on
34.A. hadn’t grown
B. didn’t grow
C. can’t raise
D. couldn’t grow
35.A. as many
B. as much
C. as much as
D. much as
36.A. Luckily
B. Unluckily
C. Fortunate
D. Unfortunately
37.A. cooking
B. to cook
C. prepared
D. done
38.A. all
B. whole
C. completely
D. each
39.A. makes into
B. be made to
C. be made from
D. is made into
40.A. mixed with
B. mixed to
C. mixing
D. to mix
IV.短文改錯(cuò)
Plants are very important living thing. Life could not
go on when there were no plants. This is why plants can
make food with air and, water, or sunlight. Animals and men
can’t make food with air, water or sunlight. Animals can get
its food by eating plants and other animals. Man gets his food by eating plants and animals, either. Therefore, animals, and
man need plants in order to live. This is that we find we find
such many plants around us. If you look carefully at the plants around you, you’ll find that there are many types plants. Some
plants are big, while others are small. Most of plants are green.
41.______
42.______
43.______
44.______
45.______
46.______
47.______
48.______
49.______
50.______
【創(chuàng)新園地】
語言功能 從下列各題的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出一個(gè)最佳答案。
1.─My daughter has passed the exam.
─Congratulations! She’s really intelligent.
─_______
A. No, no, she is intelligent.
B. Oh, thank you!
C. Sometimes she is intelligent.
D. You are right.
2.─You forgot to feed the cat again!
─________
A. I can’t remember.
B. I don’t mind feeding her again.
C. I’ll do it now.
D. Yes, I did. What about you!
3.─Mum, I’ve cut my finger. It’s bleeding!
─________
A. Let me see.
B. Don’t worry.
C. Be careful
D. Let me have a look
4.─What’s happened to my library book?
─________
A. I’ve no idea.
B. You borrowed them from the library.
C. You bought them yesterday.
D. They’re about long life.
5.─Where is Tom this morning?
─He’s got a cold.
─________
A. Just tell him to take it easy.
B. What’s the matter with him?
C. He’s absent.
D. What? Where is he?
答案：
1.agriculture; 2.politician; 3.sauce; 4.regret; 5.loss
6.suitable; 7.materials; 8.repay; 9.admit; 10.announced
11-15BDCBD 16-20CDCCD 21-25BADBC 26-30BACBD
31-35BCADB 36-40ACBDA
Plants are very important living thing. Life could not
go on when there were no plants. This is why plants can
make food with
air and, water, or sunlight. Animals and men
can’t make food with air, water or sunlight. Animals can get
its food by eating plants and other animals. Man gets his food by eating plants and animals, either. Therefore, animals, and
man need plants in order to live. This is that we find we find
such many plants around us. If you look carefully at the plants around you, you’ll find that there are many types plants. Some
plants are big, when others are small. Most of plants are green.
41.things
42.if
43.and
44.Ö
45.their
46.too
47.why
48.so
49.of
50.while
【創(chuàng)新園地答案】
1.B; 2.C; 3.D; 4.A; 5.A
高二英語Lesson 88教案
Lesson 88
Lesson objectives:
1．Go over the three-skilled and four-skilled words: servant/ Let in/ mad/ brave/ cruel/ have a test/ deed/ in public and so on.
2．Go over the grammar: the - ing form as attributes and adverbials.
3．Practise writing a letter.
Teaching aids: a computer, a recorder, etc.
Teaching procedure:
A．Words and expressions
1．Galary: Play the game with the partner, only the words in Unit 22.
For example: S1: There're five letters.
S2: Is it a noun?
S1: No, S2……
If the man is hanged, S1 will win.
2．Complete the phrases or sentences, using the words in the following form. (Ex. Ⅰ in AB)
1)Many young people want to become a civil ________(公務(wù)員).
2) Don’t be so ________ to animals.
3) Everyone is ________ to succeed.
4) He was a ________ of war for many years.
5)I didn't believe what the ________ teller (算命者) said.
6)He put his oars (槳) in the water to ________ the smooth surface of the lake.
7) She is nervous waiting for the ________ of news.
8) Dr Manette suffered from ________ illness.
9) Chairman Mao is a ________ leader.
Possible answers: 1) servant 2) cruel 3) eager 4) prisoner 5) fortune
6) disturb 7) arrival 8) mental 9) noble
3．Using the following phrases to fill in the passage (Ex. Ⅱ in AB).
Let in; in public; sentence to death; do a good deed; in peace; fall in love with; suffer from
Romeo fell in love with Juliet at the first glance, but their families were enemies. Juliet's parents didn't let Romeo in their house, and forced her daughter to leave Romeo. So they couldn't stay together in public. A friar (修道士) did a good deed to marry Romeo and Juliet secretly.
By accident, Romeo killed Tybalt, a member of Juliet's family. The court sentenced Romeo to death. Romeo managed to escape. When Romeo returned, he found his wife, dead in peace, but in fact, Juliet didn't die. It was just a plan of the friar. Romeo suffered much from the death of Juliet. He killed himself and lay down by her side. When Juliet woke up from her death like sleep, seeing Romeo lying by her, dead, she knew what he had done and killed herself.
B．Sentences and patterns
1．Find partner
Card One: the news which surprises us Card Two: the boy who is sleeping
Card Three: the year that follows Card Four: the country which is
developing
Card Five: the boat that is floating Card Six: the surprising news
Card Seven: the sleeping boy Card Eight: the following year
Card Nine: the developing country Card Ten: the floating boat
Possible answers: One-Six / Two-Seven / Three-Eight / Four-Nine / Five-Ten
2．Chain drill: Two students say two sentences written in the cards and let another student join the two sentences together by using the v-ing form.
A: The man is our maths teacher.
B．He is sitting by the window.
C．The man sitting by the window is our maths teacher.
A: The students stood up.
B: When they saw the teacher entering the room.
C: Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up.
A: He decides to have a bath.
B: He was wetted all over by the rain.
C: Being wetted all over by the rain, he decided to have a bath.
A: The children went away.
B: They were laughing.
C: The children went away laughing.
C．Paragraphs and passage
1．Read the passage and do the following exercises: (Ex. Ⅲ in AB)
Prison of the Abbaye,
Paris
21 June, 1792
Monsieur the Marquis
My house and yours were burnt to the ground. The villagers brought me to Paris and I was thrown into this prison. My crime, they tell me, is ‘Treason against the people’, and without your generous help, I will lose my head for it. I have tried to tell them that I have worked on your instructions for the people, and not against them. I have told them that it was you who instructed me to collect no rent or taxes from the villagers during these last years. But they tell me my crime is to have worked for an emigrant aristocrat. Monseigneur, please hear my cry for help! Please, save me from this house of horror!
Your faithful servant,
Gabelle
After reading the letter, what should Darnay think and what would he decide to do?
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Possible answer:
Having read the letter, Darney said to himself “Gabelle, the poor man. I really felt sorry for him. I must go back to Paris to save him, but my wife and my daughter, it is impossible for me to see them again. But I should answer for the trouble. Tomorrow I'll set off for Paris.”
2．Write on the cards according to the situations. (Ex Ⅳ in AB)
A．Christmas Day is coming. Xiaojun wants to send a Christmas card to Charlie.
B．Bill wants to send a birthday card to his brother and also tell him that everyone in the family misses him.
Homework
Write a letter to your pen friend, who has written to you for some advice about visiting Beijing. Give him/her some advice. You can use the following sentences.
A: The climate in Beijing is dry; spring is shorter with lots of wind.
B．Autumn is the best season in Beijing.
C．I suggest you come to Beijing in autumn.
D．Winter is longer and cold.
E: It snows occasionally.
F: You'd better not come to Beijing in spring or winter.
Possible Answer:
Dear John,
I'm very pleased to learn from your letter that you are getting on well with your studies and that you will come to Beijing. Now I'll answer the question in your letter and give you some advice about your visiting Beijing.
The climate in Beijing is very dry. Spring is shorter with Lots of wind. You'd better not come to Beijing in spring. In summer it's terribly hot. It often rains in July and August. Autumn is the best season in Beijing. The weather begins to get cool at the beginning of September. People like to go for outings in September, October and November. I suggest you come to Beijing in Autumn. Winter is longer and cold with strong wind. It snows occasionally. I hope my advice will be helpful to you.
I'm looking forward to seeing you in Beijing.
Yours ever
Li Xiaoj
科目 英語
年級 高一
文件 hihg1 unit8.doc
標(biāo)題 Mainly revision
章節(jié) 第八單元
關(guān)鍵詞 高一英語第八單元
內(nèi)容
一、目的與要求
復(fù)習(xí)第一至第七單元出現(xiàn)過的語法項(xiàng)目
二、語言運(yùn)用
運(yùn)用所學(xué)的食物名稱及有關(guān)“就餐”的日常交際用語，完成教科書和練習(xí)冊中規(guī)定的聽、說、寫的任務(wù)；閱讀課文“Food around the world”，深刻理解，完成有關(guān)課文內(nèi)容的練習(xí)，并進(jìn)一步練習(xí)定語從句，被動語態(tài)及各種動詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法。
三、日常交際用語
本單元復(fù)習(xí)第一至第七單元的交際用語，小結(jié)如下：
1．介紹問好
①Hello/Hi. Nice to meet you.
②I’ll introduce you.
③Give one’s regards/best wishes/love to sb.
④I must go/be leaving now.
2．建議要求
①Here are some do’s and don’ts.
②Follow…instructions.
③What about…?
④Make sure that…
⑤Do what he/she tells you to do.
3．請求幫助
①Would you please say that again more slowly?
②Pardon? I’m sorry I know only a little English.
③I don’t quite fllow you.
④How do you pronounce/spell…?
⑤I have some difficulty in doing…
⑥What does…mean?
4．祝愿
①Have a good time.
②Good luck. Have a good tip.
③The same to you.
5．餐桌用語
①Would you like another piece of beancurd?
②How about some more…?
③Just a little, please…
④No, thanks. I’ve had enough.
⑤Help yourself to…
⑥Let me give you…
四、重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)分析
1．――Would you like another piece of beancurd? ――要不要再吃一塊豆腐？
――Yes, please. ――好的，謝謝。
在口語中Yes常與please連用，“Yes, please”意為“好吧”，與此相反的是“No, thinks”，如：
①――Would you like another glass of juice? ――還要一杯果汗嗎？
――No, thanks. ――不用了，謝謝。
②――Have some more cake, please. ――請?jiān)俪渣c(diǎn)蛋糕。
――No, thanks. I’m full/I’ve had enough. ――不用了，我已經(jīng)飽了。
2．What a delicious supper! 多么美味的晚餐��！
一般情況下三餐前不用冠詞，have breakfast, have lunch, have supper吃早、中、晚飯。但當(dāng)三餐前有定語修飾時(shí)，要帶冠詞，如：
①After a quick breakfast, Mary hurried to school. 匆匆吃過早飯后，Mary趕去上學(xué)。
②What a nice dinner we had at your house! 你家的晚飯?zhí)煽诹耍?/p>
3．Take turns to offer each other the foods in Part 2 in pairs.
兩人一組，輪流請對方吃，第二部分中出現(xiàn)的食物。
△Take turns to do表示輪流做某事。It’s one’s turn to do…表示輪到某人做某事，如：
①They took turns to keep watch. 他們輪流站崗。
②It’s your turn to recite the passage. 輪到你背這篇短文了。
△offer 提供 r.n.提供之物
①He offered 10,000 dollars to help the poor. 他拿出1萬美元幫助窮人。
②Could you offer me a cup of coffee, please? 請給我一杯咖啡好嗎？
③My sister was offered a good chance to go abroad for further study of English.
我姐姐得到了一個(gè)出國深造英語的好機(jī)會。
④Would you like to accept the offer? 你愿意接受這個(gè)幫助嗎？
⑤Thank you for your kind offer of help. 感謝你所提供的幫助。
4．When Christopher Columbus and his friend…, they discovered the plant “corn” there.Discover vt. 發(fā)現(xiàn)，看出，指揭示久已存在但從未被人知曉的客觀事實(shí)，如：
①M(fèi)any years ago, electricity was discovered. The discovery made people’s life changed a lot. 許多年前人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了電，電的發(fā)現(xiàn)使人們的生活發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
②We have discovered that he is a quite careful in his word. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他工作很仔細(xì)。
另一個(gè)動詞invent指創(chuàng)造客觀世界上從未有過的新事物，詞義為“發(fā)明”，如：
①The computer was invented after electricity was discovered. It is one of the most
important inventions in the world.
發(fā)現(xiàn)了電之后才發(fā)明了電腦，電腦的發(fā)明是世界上最重要的發(fā)明之一。
②Electricity was not discovered by Edison, but he invented the electric light.
電不是愛迪生發(fā)現(xiàn)的，但他發(fā)明了電燈。
5．…there was not enough room for the population.
那兒已經(jīng)沒有足夠大的地方裝下這么多人了。
room在這里是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞，意為空間，與space相近。
①There is no room left for the newcomer. 新到的人已經(jīng)沒地兒了。
②He took up too much room in our room. 他在我們的房間占了很大的地兒。
6．They needed a plant which didn’t need as much water as rice.
這是一個(gè)定語從句，意為：他們需要一種不象稻谷那樣需要水的作物。
7．It is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways.
這是一種非常有用的作物，可用許多不同的方法制做成食物。
1) prepare調(diào)制
How do you prepare the fish? 你怎么做這魚？
2) prepare sth. Prepare to do sth. 準(zhǔn)備……
①He is preparing his speech for tomorrow’s meeting. 他正在準(zhǔn)備明天大會的演講稿。
②I was about to prepare supper when the bell rang. 我正要做晚飯時(shí)門鈴響了。
③What are you preparing to offer me? 你準(zhǔn)備為我提供點(diǎn)什么？
④He is preparing to go abroad. 他正準(zhǔn)備出國。
3) prepare sb. for sth. 使某人對某事有思想準(zhǔn)備。
①The teacher is preparing the students for the coming examination.
老師讓考生對即將到來的考試做準(zhǔn)備。
②We must be prepared for failure again. 我們必須做好再次失敗的心理準(zhǔn)備。
4) be prepared to do sth. 樂于做某事。
①He’s not prepared to listen to your excuse. 他不樂意聽你的解釋。
②I’m prepared to help others. 我樂于助人。
8．Sometimes they cook it whole over an open fire.
有時(shí)候他們把整只玉米放在露天的火上燒烤。
whole表示“全部”一般不用來修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體的完整。
①They cooked a duck whole over the fire and soon a delicious smell came out.
他們烤了一整只鴨子，很快香味就飄出來了。
②The man ate an egg whole at a time. 那人一次吞下一整個(gè)雞蛋。
注意whole一般放在限定詞后面，名詞前，而all則放在限定詞前面，如：
the whole class（整個(gè)班） my whole life（我整個(gè)生命）
three whole days（三整天） all my books（我所有的書）
all the students（所有的考生） all three days（三整天）
9．In many parts of the world corn is made into powder.
世界上還有許多地方把玉米磨成粉。
1) be made into意為“原料被加工成了……”
①We can make glass into different kinds of things. 我們可以把玻璃制成各種東西。
2) be made of指“成品是由什么原料制成的”能看出原材料。be made from則看不出原材料。
①Gas is made from coal. 煤氣是由煤產(chǎn)生的。
②This kind of wine is made from grape. 這種酒是葡萄制成的。
③The desks are made of wood. 桌子是木頭做的。
④The cloth is made of cotton. 這種布是用棉花制成的。
3) be made up of“由…組成”
①The novel is made up of ten parts. 這部小說有十部分組成。
②The sports team is made up of eleven members. 這支隊(duì)由11人組成。
10．A number of other plants were found in America. 在美洲還發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多其他的作物。
A number of表示“很多”，與a lot of用法相同，后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：
①A number of birds come to KunMing for the winter eveay year.
每年冬天有大量的鳥飛到昆明。
②A number of students are playing on the playground. But I don’t know what the number is.
很多學(xué)生在操場上玩，但我不知道有多少人。
the number of表示“…的數(shù)目”，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如：
③The number of the students in our school has risen this year.
今年我們學(xué)校學(xué)生的數(shù)目上升了。
五、定語從句
1．從定語從句和它修飾的先行詞關(guān)系來看，有限制性和非限制性定語從句兩種。
說 明
例 句
限制性定語從句
限定了先行詞的范圍和意思，這類從句不能省去。
I’ve found a man who can help you.
我找到了一個(gè)能幫助你的人。
Autumn in Beijing is the season which is neither hot not cold.
北京的秋天是不熱也不冷的季節(jié)。
The factory where he worked was built in 1940.
他工作的那工廠建于1940年。
Is this school the one you visited yesterday?
這是你昨天參觀的那所學(xué)校嗎？
非限制性定語從句
只是對附加詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列的分句，如果省略，剩下的主句意思仍然清楚。書寫時(shí)，從句和主句之間要用逗號分開，不能用that引導(dǎo)。
I knocked at the door of the chemist’s, which immediately opened.
我敲了一下藥店的門，門很快就開了。
She has a sister, who is a musician.
她有一個(gè)是音樂家的姐姐。
They set up a school, where there were lots of students studying.
他們建了一所學(xué)校，有許多學(xué)生在那兒學(xué)習(xí)。
2．關(guān)系代詞的用法
關(guān)系代詞
用 法
例 句
that
做從句的主語或賓語，先行詞可以是人也可以是物。
The table that stands over there is made of wood.
那邊的桌子是用木頭做的。
The book I gave you is well worth reading.
我給你的那本書很值得讀。
The man that is talking to my father is my English teacher.
和我父親談話的那個(gè)人是我的英語老師。
which
做從句的主語或賓語，先行詞是表示物的名詞或代詞。
The school (which) we visited is a famous one in Beijing.
我們參觀的那所學(xué)校是北京的一所名校。
She hasn’t got enough money with which to buy the ring. 他沒帶夠買戒指的錢。
who
whom
做從句的主語、賓語，其先行語為表示人的名詞或代詞。
Do you know the man who often makes speeches here?
你認(rèn)識那個(gè)經(jīng)常在這兒做演講的人嗎？
Who’s the woman (whom) you just referred to?
剛才你指的是哪個(gè)人？
whose
做從句的定語，先行詞可以是人也可以是物。
LiMin is the boy whose father is an engineer.
李明這個(gè)男孩的爸爸是工程師。
I live in the house whose windows face north.
我住的房子窗子朝北。
3．在介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只能用whom（先行詞為人），which（先行詞既可是人也可是物）
4．關(guān)系副詞的用法
關(guān)系副詞
基本用法
例 句
when
在從句中做時(shí)間狀語，其先行詞為表示時(shí)間的名詞或代詞。
I still remember the day when I joined the Youth League. 我仍然記著入團(tuán)的那一天。
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記在農(nóng)場工作的那段時(shí)光。
when
在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語，先行詞為表示地點(diǎn)的名詞和代詞。
This is the bridge where you took photos.
這座橋是你照像的地方。
why
在從句中做原因狀語常與reason連用。
I know the reason why she was angry.
我知道她為什么生氣了。
5．定語中只能用that，不能用which的情況
▲被修飾的先行詞為不定代詞，all, much, something, everything, nothing, anything, none, the one等時(shí)，如：
We should do all that is useful to the people. 我們應(yīng)該做一切有益于人民的事。
Do you mean the one that I bought yesterday? 你指的是我昨天買的嗎？
▲先行詞被only, any, few, little, no, one of, just, very等修飾時(shí)，如：
The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我們唯一能做的是等待。
The is the right person that I’m waiting for. 他就是我等的人。
△先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾或本身是序數(shù)詞時(shí)，如：
When we talk about WuXi, the first that comes to mind is Tai lake.
當(dāng)我們談起無錫時(shí)，首先想到的是太湖。
This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term. 這是我校本學(xué)期放映的第三部片子。
△先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時(shí)，如：
The must important thing that should be done is how to stop him from going on.
最重要的是如何阻止他繼續(xù)下去。
This book is the best one that I’ve read. 這本書是我看過的最好一本。
△如有兩個(gè)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which，另一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞用that，以避免重復(fù)。
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
愛迪生辦了一家工廠，生產(chǎn)過去從未見到過的東西。
6．定語從句中只能用which，不能用that的情況
△關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)
A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
動物園是展覽各種動物的樂園。
Is this the room in which Mr White lives?
這就是white先生住的房間嗎？
▲which在從句中代替的是前面整個(gè)句子的意思時(shí)，不能用that
The street hasn’t been cleaned for weeks, which makes it very dirty.
街道好多星期沒打掃了，因此整條街很臟。
He takes exercises everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health.
他每天運(yùn)動，這對他的身體很有好處。
六、典型例題
1．――Who do you know the electricity?
――I don’t know who did it. But I know that Thomas Edison the electric lamp.
A. invented; invented B. discovered; invented C. found; found D. discovered; found
2．―― beancurd you’ve cooked!
――It’s very kind of you to say so.
A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice
3．Wood can be made a great number of things. Look, this kind of paper is madewood.
A. into; of B. into; from C. from; into D. of; from
4．――Would you like another piece of cake?
―― .
A. Yes, please B. Yes, thanks C. No, please D. Yes, if you like
5．―― .
――Thank you.
A. Make yourself at home, Eat some fish B. You can eat some more fish by yourself
C. You’re free to eat some fish D. Help yourself to some fish
6．The farmers do their best to the market with enough vegetables.
A. supply B. feed C. prepare D. offer
7． students is more than two thousand in this school.
A. The number of B. A good many C. A number of D. plenty of
8．The car was too 6 people.
A. crowded with B. full of C. filled with D. small to
9．After the new technique introduced, the factory produced tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as
10．――Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?
―― .
A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, you could C. Yes, go on D. Yes, help youself
答案：1――5．B、D、B、A、D 6――10．A、A、A、C、D
8．這輛車坐6個(gè)人太擠了，be crowded with意為“擁擠”
9．工廠引進(jìn)新的技術(shù)之后，1988年生產(chǎn)的拖拉機(jī)是去年的2倍
10．“help yourself ” 除了有“自用食物”的意思外還有“自己動手做”的意思
七、語法練習(xí)
1．Finally came the day he had to begin his study for the next term.
A. till B. when C. since D. which
2．The train she was travelling was late.
A. by which B. on that C. on which D. /
3．Is some German friends visited last week.
A. this school where B. this school one C. this the school D. this school
4．Is there anyone in your class home is in the country?
A. who’s B. his C. whose D. that
5．He talked about the people and things interested him greatly during his stay here.
A. which B. that C. who D. they
6．This is the only verb can be used in this sentence.
A. that B. which C. it D. /
7．This is just the place I’m longing to visit these days.
A. where B. to which C. / D. to where
8．The house he visited yesterday was the one the great writer lived many years ago.
A. where; where B. which; which C. where; which D. which; where
9．The taxi a truck had knocked last night was destroyed.
A. which B. where C. at which D. into which
10．All is needed is a supply of oil.
A. the thing B. that C. what D. which
答案： 1――5．B、A、C、C、B 6――10．A、C、D、C、B
2．She was travelling by brain. 所以此題應(yīng)選A。
3．此題考查對先行詞的判斷能力。“This is the school,” “school ”是先行詞。如果沒有“the”, “this school ”后面要加“the one ”代替先行詞“school”, This school is the one that…
5．當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)關(guān)系代詞用“that”。
7．關(guān)系代詞在從句中做賓語可以省略。
8．“The house ”在從句中做“visited ”的賓語，“the one ”在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語。
這句話的意思是：他昨天參觀的那所房子幾年前是一個(gè)偉大的作家居住的地方。
9．介詞后用which. “knock at ”表示碰撞，昨天晚上一輛出租車被卡車撞壞了。
10．先行詞是“All ”，關(guān)系代詞只能用that。
科目 英語
年級 高一
文件 hihg1 unit8.doc
標(biāo)題 Mainly revision
章節(jié) 第八單元
關(guān)鍵詞 高一英語第八單元
內(nèi)容
一、目的與要求
復(fù)習(xí)第一至第七單元出現(xiàn)過的語法項(xiàng)目
二、語言運(yùn)用
運(yùn)用所學(xué)的食物名稱及有關(guān)“就餐”的日常交際用語，完成教科書和練習(xí)冊中規(guī)定的聽、說、寫的任務(wù)；閱讀課文“Food around the world”，深刻理解，完成有關(guān)課文內(nèi)容的練習(xí)，并進(jìn)一步練習(xí)定語從句，被動語態(tài)及各種動詞時(shí)態(tài)的用法。
三、日常交際用語
本單元復(fù)習(xí)第一至第七單元的交際用語，小結(jié)如下：
1．介紹問好
①Hello/Hi. Nice to meet you.
②I’ll introduce you.
③Give one’s regards/best wishes/love to sb.
④I must go/be leaving now.
2．建議要求
①Here are some do’s and don’ts.
②Follow…instructions.
③What about…?
④Make sure that…
⑤Do what he/she tells you to do.
3．請求幫助
①Would you please say that again more slowly?
②Pardon? I’m sorry I know only a little English.
③I don’t quite fllow you.
④How do you pronounce/spell…?
⑤I have some difficulty in doing…
⑥What does…mean?
4．祝愿
①Have a good time.
②Good luck. Have a good tip.
③The same to you.
5．餐桌用語
①Would you like another piece of beancurd?
②How about some more…?
③Just a little, please…
④No, thanks. I’ve had enough.
⑤Help yourself to…
⑥Let me give you…
四、重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)分析
1．――Would you like another piece of beancurd? ――要不要再吃一塊豆腐？
――Yes, please. ――好的，謝謝。
在口語中Yes常與please連用，“Yes, please”意為“好吧”，與此相反的是“No, thinks”，如：
①――Would you like another glass of juice? ――還要一杯果汗嗎？
――No, thanks. ――不用了，謝謝。
②――Have some more cake, please. ――請?jiān)俪渣c(diǎn)蛋糕。
――No, thanks. I’m full/I’ve had enough. ――不用了，我已經(jīng)飽了。
2．What a delicious supper! 多么美味的晚餐啊！
一般情況下三餐前不用冠詞，have breakfast, have lunch, have supper吃早、中、晚飯。但當(dāng)三餐前有定語修飾時(shí)，要帶冠詞，如：
①After a quick breakfast, Mary hurried to school. 匆匆吃過早飯后，Mary趕去上學(xué)。
②What a nice dinner we had at your house! 你家的晚飯?zhí)煽诹耍?/p>
3．Take turns to offer each other the foods in Part 2 in pairs.
兩人一組，輪流請對方吃，第二部分中出現(xiàn)的食物。
△Take turns to do表示輪流做某事。It’s one’s turn to do…表示輪到某人做某事，如：
①They took turns to keep watch. 他們輪流站崗。
②It’s your turn to recite the passage. 輪到你背這篇短文了。
△offer 提供 r.n.提供之物
①He offered 10,000 dollars to help the poor. 他拿出1萬美元幫助窮人。
②Could you offer me a cup of coffee, please? 請給我一杯咖啡好嗎？
③My sister was offered a good chance to go abroad for further study of English.
我姐姐得到了一個(gè)出國深造英語的好機(jī)會。
④Would you like to accept the offer? 你愿意接受這個(gè)幫助嗎？
⑤Thank you for your kind offer of help. 感謝你所提供的幫助。
4．When Christopher Columbus and his friend…, they discovered the plant “corn” there.Discover vt. 發(fā)現(xiàn)，看出，指揭示久已存在但從未被人知曉的客觀事實(shí)，如：
①M(fèi)any years ago, electricity was discovered. The discovery made people’s life changed a lot. 許多年前人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了電，電的發(fā)現(xiàn)使人們的生活發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
②We have discovered that he is a quite careful in his word. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他工作很仔細(xì)。
另一個(gè)動詞invent指創(chuàng)造客觀世界上從未有過的新事物，詞義為“發(fā)明”，如：
①The computer was invented after electricity was discovered. It is one of the most
important inventions in the world.
發(fā)現(xiàn)了電之后才發(fā)明了電腦，電腦的發(fā)明是世界上最重要的發(fā)明之一。
②Electricity was not discovered by Edison, but he invented the electric light.
電不是愛迪生發(fā)現(xiàn)的，但他發(fā)明了電燈。
5．…there was not enough room for the population.
那兒已經(jīng)沒有足夠大的地方裝下這么多人了。
room在這里是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞，意為空間，與space相近。
①There is no room left for the newcomer. 新到的人已經(jīng)沒地兒了。
②He took up too much room in our room. 他在我們的房間占了很大的地兒。
6．They needed a plant which didn’t need as much water as rice.
這是一個(gè)定語從句，意為：他們需要一種不象稻谷那樣需要水的作物。
7．It is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways.
這是一種非常有用的作物，可用許多不同的方法制做成食物。
1) prepare調(diào)制
How do you prepare the fish? 你怎么做這魚？
2) prepare sth. Prepare to do sth. 準(zhǔn)備……
①He is preparing his speech for tomorrow’s meeting. 他正在準(zhǔn)備明天大會的演講稿。
②I was about to prepare supper when the bell rang. 我正要做晚飯時(shí)門鈴響了。
③What are you preparing to offer me? 你準(zhǔn)備為我提供點(diǎn)什么？
④He is preparing to go abroad. 他正準(zhǔn)備出國。
3) prepare sb. for sth. 使某人對某事有思想準(zhǔn)備。
①The teacher is preparing the students for the coming examination.
老師讓考生對即將到來的考試做準(zhǔn)備。
②We must be prepared for failure again. 我們必須做好再次失敗的心理準(zhǔn)備。
4) be prepared to do sth. 樂于做某事。
①He’s not prepared to listen to your excuse. 他不樂意聽你的解釋。
②I’m prepared to help others. 我樂于助人。
8．Sometimes they cook it whole over an open fire.
有時(shí)候他們把整只玉米放在露天的火上燒烤。
whole表示“全部”一般不用來修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體的完整。
①They cooked a duck whole over the fire and soon a delicious smell came out.
他們烤了一整只鴨子，很快香味就飄出來了。
②The man ate an egg whole at a time. 那人一次吞下一整個(gè)雞蛋。
注意whole一般放在限定詞后面，名詞前，而all則放在限定詞前面，如：
the whole class（整個(gè)班） my whole life（我整個(gè)生命）
three whole days（三整天） all my books（我所有的書）
all the students（所有的考生） all three days（三整天）
9．In many parts of the world corn is made into powder.
世界上還有許多地方把玉米磨成粉。
1) be made into意為“原料被加工成了……”
①We can make glass into different kinds of things. 我們可以把玻璃制成各種東西。
2) be made of指“成品是由什么原料制成的”能看出原材料。be made from則看不出原材料。
①Gas is made from coal. 煤氣是由煤產(chǎn)生的。
②This kind of wine is made from grape. 這種酒是葡萄制成的。
③The desks are made of wood. 桌子是木頭做的。
④The cloth is made of cotton. 這種布是用棉花制成的。
3) be made up of“由…組成”
①The novel is made up of ten parts. 這部小說有十部分組成。
②The sports team is made up of eleven members. 這支隊(duì)由11人組成。
10．A number of other plants were found in America. 在美洲還發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多其他的作物。
A number of表示“很多”，與a lot of用法相同，后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如：
①A number of birds come to KunMing for the winter eveay year.
每年冬天有大量的鳥飛到昆明。
②A number of students are playing on the playground. But I don’t know what the number is.
很多學(xué)生在操場上玩，但我不知道有多少人。
the number of表示“…的數(shù)目”，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如：
③The number of the students in our school has risen this year.
今年我們學(xué)校學(xué)生的數(shù)目上升了。
五、定語從句
1．從定語從句和它修飾的先行詞關(guān)系來看，有限制性和非限制性定語從句兩種。
說 明
例 句
限制性定語從句
限定了先行詞的范圍和意思，這類從句不能省去。
I’ve found a man who can help you.
我找到了一個(gè)能幫助你的人。
Autumn in Beijing is the season which is neither hot not cold.
北京的秋天是不熱也不冷的季節(jié)。
The factory where he worked was built in 1940.
他工作的那工廠建于1940年。
Is this school the one you visited yesterday?
這是你昨天參觀的那所學(xué)校嗎？
非限制性定語從句
只是對附加詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列的分句，如果省略，剩下的主句意思仍然清楚。書寫時(shí)，從句和主句之間要用逗號分開，不能用that引導(dǎo)。
I knocked at the door of the chemist’s, which immediately opened.
我敲了一下藥店的門，門很快就開了。
She has a sister, who is a musician.
她有一個(gè)是音樂家的姐姐。
They set up a school, where there were lots of students studying.
他們建了一所學(xué)校，有許多學(xué)生在那兒學(xué)習(xí)。
2．關(guān)系代詞的用法
關(guān)系代詞
用 法
例 句
that
做從句的主語或賓語，先行詞可以是人也可以是物。
The table that stands over there is made of wood.
那邊的桌子是用木頭做的。
The book I gave you is well worth reading.
我給你的那本書很值得讀。
The man that is talking to my father is my English teacher.
和我父親談話的那個(gè)人是我的英語老師。
which
做從句的主語或賓語，先行詞是表示物的名詞或代詞。
The school (which) we visited is a famous one in Beijing.
我們參觀的那所學(xué)校是北京的一所名校。
She hasn’t got enough money with which to buy the ring. 他沒帶夠買戒指的錢。
who
whom
做從句的主語、賓語，其先行語為表示人的名詞或代詞。
Do you know the man who often makes speeches here?
你認(rèn)識那個(gè)經(jīng)常在這兒做演講的人嗎？
Who’s the woman (whom) you just referred to?
剛才你指的是哪個(gè)人？
whose
做從句的定語，先行詞可以是人也可以是物。
LiMin is the boy whose father is an engineer.
李明這個(gè)男孩的爸爸是工程師。
I live in the house whose windows face north.
我住的房子窗子朝北。
3．在介詞后的關(guān)系代詞只能用whom（先行詞為人），which（先行詞既可是人也可是物）
4．關(guān)系副詞的用法
關(guān)系副詞
基本用法
例 句
when
在從句中做時(shí)間狀語，其先行詞為表示時(shí)間的名詞或代詞。
I still remember the day when I joined the Youth League. 我仍然記著入團(tuán)的那一天。
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記在農(nóng)場工作的那段時(shí)光。
when
在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語，先行詞為表示地點(diǎn)的名詞和代詞。
This is the bridge where you took photos.
這座橋是你照像的地方。
why
在從句中做原因狀語常與reason連用。
I know the reason why she was angry.
我知道她為什么生氣了。
5．定語中只能用that，不能用which的情況
▲被修飾的先行詞為不定代詞，all, much, something, everything, nothing, anything, none, the one等時(shí)，如：
We should do all that is useful to the people. 我們應(yīng)該做一切有益于人民的事。
Do you mean the one that I bought yesterday? 你指的是我昨天買的嗎？
▲先行詞被only, any, few, little, no, one of, just, very等修飾時(shí)，如：
The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我們唯一能做的是等待。
The is the right person that I’m waiting for. 他就是我等的人。
△先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾或本身是序數(shù)詞時(shí)，如：
When we talk about WuXi, the first that comes to mind is Tai lake.
當(dāng)我們談起無錫時(shí)，首先想到的是太湖。
This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term. 這是我校本學(xué)期放映的第三部片子。
△先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時(shí)，如：
The must important thing that should be done is how to stop him from going on.
最重要的是如何阻止他繼續(xù)下去。
This book is the best one that I’ve read. 這本書是我看過的最好一本。
△如有兩個(gè)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which，另一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞用that，以避免重復(fù)。
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
愛迪生辦了一家工廠，生產(chǎn)過去從未見到過的東西。
6．定語從句中只能用which，不能用that的情況
△關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)
A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
動物園是展覽各種動物的樂園。
Is this the room in which Mr White lives?
這就是white先生住的房間嗎？
▲which在從句中代替的是前面整個(gè)句子的意思時(shí)，不能用that
The street hasn’t been cleaned for weeks, which makes it very dirty.
街道好多星期沒打掃了，因此整條街很臟。
He takes exercises everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health.
他每天運(yùn)動，這對他的身體很有好處。
六、典型例題
1．――Who do you know the electricity?
――I don’t know who did it. But I know that Thomas Edison the electric lamp.
A. invented; invented B. discovered; invented C. found; found D. discovered; found
2．―― beancurd you’ve cooked!
――It’s very kind of you to say so.
A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice
3．Wood can be made a great number of things. Look, this kind of paper is madewood.
A. into; of B. into; from C. from; into D. of; from
4．――Would you like another piece of cake?
―― .
A. Yes, please B. Yes, thanks C. No, please D. Yes, if you like
5．―― .
――Thank you.
A. Make yourself at home, Eat some fish B. You can eat some more fish by yourself
C. You’re free to eat some fish D. Help yourself to some fish
6．The farmers do their best to the market with enough vegetables.
A. supply B. feed C. prepare D. offer
7． students is more than two thousand in this school.
A. The number of B. A good many C. A number of D. plenty of
8．The car was too 6 people.
A. crowded with B. full of C. filled with D. small to
9．After the new technique introduced, the factory produced tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as
10．――Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?
―― .
A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, you could C. Yes, go on D. Yes, help youself
答案：1――5．B、D、B、A、D 6――10．A、A、A、C、D
8．這輛車坐6個(gè)人太擠了，be crowded with意為“擁擠”
9．工廠引進(jìn)新的技術(shù)之后，1988年生產(chǎn)的拖拉機(jī)是去年的2倍
10．“help yourself ” 除了有“自用食物”的意思外還有“自己動手做”的意思
七、語法練習(xí)
1．Finally came the day he had to begin his study for the next term.
A. till B. when C. since D. which
2．The train she was travelling was late.
A. by which B. on that C. on which D. /
3．Is some German friends visited last week.
A. this school where B. this school one C. this the school D. this school
4．Is there anyone in your class home is in the country?
A. who’s B. his C. whose D. that
5．He talked about the people and things interested him greatly during his stay here.
A. which B. that C. who D. they
6．This is the only verb can be used in this sentence.
A. that B. which C. it D. /
7．This is just the place I’m longing to visit these days.
A. where B. to which C. / D. to where
8．The house he visited yesterday was the one the great writer lived many years ago.
A. where; where B. which; which C. where; which D. which; where
9．The taxi a truck had knocked last night was destroyed.
A. which B. where C. at which D. into which
10．All is needed is a supply of oil.
A. the thing B. that C. what D. which
答案： 1――5．B、A、C、C、B 6――10．A、C、D、C、B
2．She was travelling by brain. 所以此題應(yīng)選A。
3．此題考查對先行詞的判斷能力。“This is the school,” “school ”是先行詞。如果沒有“the”, “this school ”后面要加“the one ”代替先行詞“school”, This school is the one that…
5．當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)關(guān)系代詞用“that”。
7．關(guān)系代詞在從句中做賓語可以省略。
8．“The house ”在從句中做“visited ”的賓語，“the one ”在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語。
這句話的意思是：他昨天參觀的那所房子幾年前是一個(gè)偉大的作家居住的地方。
9．介詞后用which. “knock at ”表示碰撞，昨天晚上一輛出租車被卡車撞壞了。
10．先行詞是“All ”，關(guān)系代詞只能用that。
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