Women are friendly. But men are more competitive. Why? Researchers have found it's all down to the hormone oxytocin (荷爾蒙催生素). Although known as the love hormone, it affects the sexes differently.
"Women tend to be social in their behavior. They often share with others. But men lend to be competitive. They are trying to improve their social status," said Professor Ryan.
Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and
our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions (互動(dòng)) such as falling in love or giving birth.
But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.
Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships, but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship. Professor Ryan's recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37. Half of the participants（參與者）received oxytocin. The other half received placebo (安慰劑).
After a week, the two groups switched with participants. They went tlirough the same procedure with the other material.
Following each treatment, they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions. Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions. The questions were about telling friendship from competition. And their answers should be based on gestures, body language and facial expressions.
The results indicated that, after treatment with oxytocin, men's ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved, but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.
Professor Ryan thus concluded: "Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people's abilities to better distinguish different social interactions. And the behavior differences between men and women are caused by biological factors (因素) that are mainly hormonal."
小題1:What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text?
A．Placebo.B．Oxytocin.
C．The gesture. D．The social status.
小題2:What can we learn from Professor Ryan's previous experiment?
A．Oxytocin affects our behavior in a different way.
B．Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love.
C．Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others' success.
D．Oxytocin improves our abilities to understand people's behavior differences.
小題3:Why did Professor Ryan conduct the recent experiment?
A．To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions.
B．To know the differences between friendship and competition.
C．To know people's different abilities to answer questions.
D．To test people's understanding of body language.
小題4:The author develops the text by______.
A．explaining people's behaviors
B．describing his own experiences
C．distinguishing sexual differences
D．discussing research experiments

小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:A
小題4:D

試題分析: 本文屬于議論文文體。作者在文中提出荷爾蒙催生素對(duì)男女行為的不同影響：女性非常友善，善于交際，而男性更具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)意識(shí)，努力去提高自己的社會(huì)地位。但是實(shí)驗(yàn)也表明當(dāng)人內(nèi)心產(chǎn)生比如嫉妒這樣的情緒情感時(shí)人體也會(huì)釋放這種荷爾蒙催生素。此外，作者還對(duì)一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的介紹，以此來進(jìn)一步證實(shí)這一觀點(diǎn)。
小題1:B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。通過文章首段Women are friendly. But men are more competitive. Why? Researchers have found it's all down to the hormone oxytocin 可知對(duì)于男女的不同表現(xiàn)，oxytocin是造成這種差異的原因，答案選B。
小題2:C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容… found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy 可知當(dāng)人們產(chǎn)生嫉妒這樣的情緒情感時(shí)人體也會(huì)釋放這種荷爾蒙催生素，由此可以判斷C選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容正確。
小題3:A考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。從文章末段的結(jié)論"Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people's abilities to better distinguish different social interaction可知教授實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的就是去測(cè)試荷爾蒙催生素對(duì)社會(huì)交際能力的作用，選A。
小題4:D考查推理判斷。在文章開頭作者提出荷爾蒙催生素在男女的不同表現(xiàn)中所起到的作用，也就是文章的中心話題，然后在下文中通過介紹幾個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)及其結(jié)果來進(jìn)一步對(duì)此看法進(jìn)行證明，由此判斷作者的行為是故答案選D。本題容易誤選的答案為A“解釋人們的行為”，在文中作者對(duì)男女不同行為進(jìn)行了介紹，但是題干問的是文章的行文發(fā)展方法，故A為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

    Smoggy weather has become common in China. But these days, air pollution levels in the north eastern city of Harbin surpassed the previous record levels.
The city was essentially shut down after PM2. 5, fine Particulate(微粒物) pollution that is considered hazardous(有害的) . reached levels of 1000 micrograms per cubic meter-40 times the safety level remended by the World Health Organization. Schools, motorways and an airport were closed on Tuesday as visibility in some areas of the city dropped to less than 10 meters.
Photos from Harbin showed residents covering their mouths with masks and scarves, and moving like ghostly shadows through the fog. Cars and motorcycles are moving slowly as traffic came to a standstill with traffic lights barely visible. .
Just days previously , the World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)  classified air pollution as a carcinogen(致癌物) .  It stated that there  is  " sufficient evidence" that exposure to outdoor air pollution causes lung cancer and also linked it with an increased risk of bladder cancer.  It's said that exposure has increased significantly particularly in " rapidly industrial countries with large populations".
"The air we breathe has become polluted with a mixture of cancer-causing substances" , Dr Kurt Straif , head of the IARC said in a press released.  "We now know that outdoor air pollution is not only a major risk to health in general, but also a leading environmental cause of cancer deaths. "
On the Chinese social media site Weibo , many users complained about the pollution and shared their concerns. References to "feed people with smog "have become popular on Weibo and there is a sarcastic play on the expression "serve the people" , as the two have a similar pronunciation.
"The impact of air pollution on people will be gradual. There won't be a sudden outbreak of symptoms, but normally three to five days after the smoggy weather occurs, there is a peak in the number of people seeing doctors, " Deng Ying,  a doctor at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University was quoted as saying.
小題1: As thick smog has become a common scene in Harbin, ______
A．students there can go to school as usual
B．residents in the city can see as far as 20 meters
C．traffic lights can be easily visible
D．the urban traffic has been seriously influenced
小題2: When exposed to outdoor air pollution, what kind of disease can be caused?
A．Cancer of stomachB．Breast cancerC．Bladder cancerD．Ovarian cancer
小題3: According to Dr Kurt Straif , we can learn that_______.
A． the effect of the. smoggy weather is gradual
B． air pollution is the man environmental cause, of cancer deaths
C．exposure has greatly increased in countries with large populations
D．"feed people with smog" has bee a hot word
小題4: The purpose of this passage is to
A．a(chǎn)waken people's environmental awareness
B．warn people not to go out in smoggy weather
C．call for the public to wear their masks
D．a(chǎn)dvise people not to live in Harbin

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Microsoft founder Bill Gates has opened up about being a parent，stating that 13 is an appropriate age for a child’s first cell phone.
The 57­year­old，father­of­three，revealed on The Today Show that his children Jennifer and Rory were not allowed phones until their 13th birthday and his youngest daughter Phoebe is still waiting for one.
“We’ve chosen in our family that it’s 13 where you get a phone，” the self­made billionaire explained.
He said as a result his children often return home from school complaining，“All the other kids have one.I’m the only one without one.It’s so embarrassing.”
Asked if he keeps passwords to his son and daughters’ email and Facebook accounts，Mr Gates said that he doesn’t for Jennifer,16，who he describes as “independent”．He admitted that monitoring online activity is “a very tricky issue for parents now”．
Despite their vast wealth Mr and Mrs Gates，who live in Lake Medina，have  said  they  want  to give  their children  as  normal an upbringing as possible.
It was previously reported that their youngsters have to complete household chores and are given a modest amount of pocket money.
And in 2010 Mr Gates said that he intends to give most of his $61 billion fortune away rather than hand it down.“That wouldn’t be good either for my kids or society，” he said.
Also during the Today interview with host Matt Lauer，Mr Gates，who stepped down from Microsoft in 2008 to concentrate on philanthropy，said that helping others gives him the same excitement as creating software.
“What you really feel is what you’ve achieved.If a piece of software gets out there and lots of people love it—it lets them get their work done in better ways—that’s exciting，” he explained.
小題1:Bill Gates will not let his children own a cell phone________.
A．until they reach the age of 13
B．if they don’t really need one
C．unless they do some housework
D．before they become independent
小題2:Which of the following is true about Bill Gates’ children?
A．All his children now have cell phones.
B．Phoebe has her own cell phone.
C．They are not given any pocket money.
D．Jennifer can use the Internet freely.
小題3:What does the underlined word “That” refer to in the text?
A．Being a parent as a billionaire.
B．Handing all his money down to his children.
C．Allowing his children to have their phones.
D．Giving away all his money to good causes.
小題4:What can we learn about Bill Gates from the text?
A．He is a warm­hearted father to his children.
B．He has created a lot of software since 2008.
C．He now devotes himself to helping others
D．He cares more about money than anything else.
小題5:What is the text mainly about?
A．How Bill Gates made himself a billionaire.
B．How Bill Gates deals with his money.
C．How Bill Gates managed his business.
D．How Bill Gates brings up his children.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh(法老)treated the poor message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace, if he brought good news. However, if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut off.
Shades of that spirit spread over today’s conversations. Once a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outing. As we walked light-heartedly out the door, picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, ”O(jiān)h boy, bad day for a picnic. The weatherman says it’s going to rain.”I wanted to strike him on the face with the peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, for his while
Several months ago I was racing to catch  a him As I breathlessly put my handful of cash across the Grey hound counter, the sales agent said with a broad smile ,”O(jiān)h that bus left five minutes ago.”Dreams of head-cutting!
It’s not the news that makes someone angry. It’s the unsympathetic attitude with which it’s the unsympathetic attitude with which it’s delivered. Everyone must give bad news from time to time, and winning professionals do it with the proper attitude. A doctor advising a patient that she needs an operation does it in a caring way. A boss informing an employee he didn’t get the job takes on a sympathetic tone. Big winners know, when delivering any bad news, they should share the feeling of the receiver.
Unfortunately, many people are not aware of this. When you’re tired from a long flight, has a hotel clerk cheerfully said that your room isn’t ready yet? When you had your heart set on the toast beef, has your waiter mainly told you that he just served the last piece? It makes you as traveler or diner want to land your fist right on their unsympathetic faces.
Had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, I would have appreciated his warming .Had the Greyhound salesclerk sympathetically informed me that my bus had already left, I probably would have said, ” Oh, that’s all right I’ll catch the next one.” Big winners, when they bear bad news ,deliver bombs with the emotion the bombarded(被轟炸的)person is sure to have.
小題1:In Paragraph 1,the writer tells the story of the pharaoh to ____.
A．make a comparisonB．introduce a topic
C．describe a sceneD．offer an argument
小題2:In the writer’s opinion, his neighbor was ___.
A．friendlyB．warm-heartedC．not considerateD．not helpful
小題3:From “Dreams of head-cutting!”(Paragraph3),we learn that the writer___.
A．was mad at the sales agent
B．was reminded of the cruel pharaoh
C．wished that the sales agent would have had dreams
D．dreamed of cutting the sales agent’s head that night.
小題4:What is the main idea of the text?
A．Delivering bad news properly is important in communication.
B．Helping others sincerely is the key to business success.
C．Receiving bad news requires great courage.
D．Learning ancient traditions can be useful.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In 2006, a large number of new Internet sites became popular around the world. Some of these are for communication, others for entertainment(娛樂).
The blog is one form of communication that increased in popularity. Through these personal websites(網(wǎng)址), people can share their lives, ideas and opinions on the Internet. People of all ages have their own blogs. For young people, they are a way to show their writing and other forms of self-expression. Blogs also connect people with other people who have the same interests. For example, teachers use blogs to share ideas with other teachers’, as well as experiences and concerns about their work.
YouTube is another Internet site that became more popular last year. This website lets anyone create, share and watch short videos. These include videos of people singing or dancing, or animals doing funny things. Three young men created YouTube almost two years ago as a personal video sharing service. They recently sold it to Google for more than one and a half billion dollars.
Games and entertainment also became a larger part of the Internet last year. One Internet social site is called Second Life. It is an online world in which computer users create a new self and live a different life. They get married, build homes, operate businesses, buy and sell goods, work, play and attend school.
People also take part in fantasy sports leagues with the help of the Internet. A fantasy sport is a game in which each member of a group acts as the owner of a team. Each owner creates a team of real-life professional players to compete against other teams in the league. More than fifteen million American adults play fantasy sports. The industry earns more than one billion（十億） dollars each year from publications, memberships and other costs.
小題1:The passage is mainly about __________.
A．the most popular Internet technology in 2006
B．some new ways for people to communicate or have fun on the Internet
C．one online game called Second Life
D．the high price of playing online
小題2: Who is the owner of YouTube now?
A．Three young men.B．Google.C．Computer users.D．Yahoo.
小題3:Whom does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The people who are interested in blogs.
B．The people who play games on YouTube.
C．The people who play Second Life.
D．The people who are created in Second Life.
小題4:What do we know from the passage?
A．Teachers can share ideas, experiences and concerns about their work with other teachers on any website.
B．More than fifteen million American teenagers play fantasy sports.
C．Second Life helps people get married, buy and sell goods, work, play and attend school in real life.
D．Fantasy sports, a game in which each member of a group acts as the owner of a team, is very popular around the world.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When I left my bag on a train, I lost my most precious possession, a small framed photograph of my great grandparents, Emily and Gordon Baker. The frame was made of silver, with an elegant flower design in one corner. The photograph was taken in March 1939 0n their wedding day. Emily looked very happy, and Gordon looked rather a larmed.  A few months later, he was killed in action in North Africa. I received the photograph when my aunt Mabel died.
I'm a student at Edinburgh University and I live in an old Edwardian house.  At the end of last term, I packed a large bag and a small bag and set off for London, where I was planning to catch the Eurostar train to Paris. Minutes after getting off the train at Kings Cross Station, I realized that I'd left the small bag in the overhead luggage rack. I ran back to the train, but it had already left the platform.  www.com
This all happened several months ago, and I had become resigned to the loss of my most precious possession. then last week, something extraordinary happened. I logged onto the site ~ eBay and looked for a silver photo frame and I found it ! The photo of my great grandparents was on eBay !
I called the person who was advertising it.   He was a little suspicious(懷疑 )  at first, and told me that he had bought it from a stall at an antique market. After we talked for a while, he asked if there was any way I could prove it was mine. All I could think of was that the photo was taken in March 1939. He opened the frame and made sure that this date was written by hand on the back of the photograph.
“It ' s definitely yours. " he said.  "Come and get it ! "
小題1:. The author's most precious possession was      .
A．A wedding photo in a silver frame taken in North Africa
B．A pretty family portrait in a silver frame taken in 1939
C．A special photo of his great grandparents in a silver frame
D．A common photograph of his grandparents taken by Mabel
小題2:. Which of the statement about the author is not wrong?
A．He left the photo on a train and never got it back.
B．He put the photo in a small bag and left it on a train.
C．He left the photo on the Eurostar and ran back to get it.
D．He left the photo at his old Edwardian house in Edinburgh
小題3:. The man advertising the frame proved it was the author's      .
A．by calling the seller up immediately
B．a(chǎn)ccording to the price of the silver frame
C．by the author's explanation about the photo
D．by the date written on the back of the photo
小題4:. It can be inferred that the author felt______when he found the silver photo on eBay.
A．nervousB．excited
C．disappointedD．worried

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

One afternoon last week, I saw three tearful children from my son’s school being comforted by teachers. That morning, my 11-year-old had stomach pains, retching（干嘔）into a bowl. Talking to other mothers later, I heard about other children with stomachache or difficult sleeping the night before.
What caused so much pain? Sports day. Sports day might be necessary at a highly-competitive independent school, but not at a village primary school. For the children who can fly like the wind, sports day cause no problem. For those who are overweight or just not good at sport, it is nightmare（噩夢(mèng)）. Even for those who enjoy running but fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents, it can prove a disease.
Why do we put our children through this annual suffering? Some may say competition is character building; or it’s taking part, not winning, that’s important; or that’s a tradition of school life. I just felt great pity for those children in tears or in pain.
Team games at the end of sports day produced some close races, wild enthusiasm, lots of shouting — and were fun to watch. More importantly, the children who were not so fast or quick at passing the ball were hidden a little from everyone’s eyes. Some of them also had the thrill of being on the winning side.
I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less competitive event. Perhaps an afternoon of team games, with a few races for those who want them, would be less stressful for the children and a lot more fun to watch.
小題1:What can we learn about the author’s son from Paragraph 1?
A．He talked with some mothers.
B．He comforted his classmates.
C．He had difficulty in sleeping.
D． He suffered from stomachache.
小題2:Sports day is still an annul event in this school probably because __________.
A．this is an independent school
B．it is a tradition of the school
C．it helps children lose weight
D．children enjoy watching sports
小題3:What does the author think about team games?
A．They should include more stressful races.
B．They are acceptable to different children.
C．They should be abandoned at primary school.
D．They are less fun for those who love running.
小題4:What is the author’s attitude towards sports day?
A．Critical.B．Neutral.C．Positive.D．Ambiguous.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解




小題1:Why is June 6, 1990 a special day for Mommy?
A．Her dream of being a mother came true.
B．She found her origin from her Chinese mother.
C．She wrote the letter to her daughter.
D．Her female line was well linked.
小題2:How does Mommy feel about her being given away?
A．It is bitter and disappointing.
B．It is painful but understandable.
C．She feels sorry but sympathetic.
D．She feels hurt and angry.
小題3:What does “I stood out like a sore thumb” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A．I walked clumsily out of pains.
B．I was not easy to love due to jealousy.
C．I was impatient out of fear.
D．I looked different from others.
小題4:What can be inferred from Mommy’s Anglo family life?
A．She used to experience an identity crisis.
B．She fought against her American identity.
C．She forgot the pains of her early years.
D．She kept her love for Asia from childhood.
小題5:Why did Mommy name her daughter “Shao-ming?”
A．To match her own birth-name.
B．To brighten the lives of the family.
C．To identify her with Chinese origin.
D．To justify her pride in Chinese culture.
小題6:By “Your past is more complete than mine,” Mommy means ________.
A．her past was completed earlier than Shao-ming’s
B．Shao-ming has got motherly care and a sense of roots
C．her mother didn’t comfort her the way she did Shao-ming
D．her past was spent brokenly, first in Asia, then in the US

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

You might notice something new in the next few years as you watch Disney programs: Starting in 2015, there won’t be any candy, sugary cereal or fast-food commercials aimed at kids.

The Walt Disney Company has become the first major media company to ban ads for junk food on its TV channels, radio stations and websites. It hopes this will stop kids from making poor food choices.
First Lady Michelle Obama called it a “game changer” that is sure to send a message to the rest of the children’s entertainment industry. “Just a few years ago, if you had told me or any other mom or dad in America that our kids wouldn’t see a single ad for junk food while they watched their favorite cartoons on a major TV network, we wouldn’t have believed you, ”said the First Lady, who heads a campaign to help stop child obesity.
The ban would apply to Disney-owned ABC stations as well as Radio Disney and Disney-owned websites aimed at families with young children. In addition, Disney plans to make changes to its kids’ menus at theme parks and resorts(度假勝地). Fast-food options will be replaced with healthier choices, such as smoothies(果汁), apples, vegetables and yogurt.
In addition to candy bars and fast-food meals, other foods that don’t meet Disney’s nutritional standards will be banned from the company’s kid-targeted media. Any cereal with 10 grams or more of sugar per serving will be off the air. There will be no ads for full meals of more than 600 calories. Juices with high levels of sugar and foods with too much salt will also be pulled.
Leslie Goodman, Disney’s senior vice-president of Corporate Citizenship, said a company that wants to advertise will need to show that it offers a range of healthy options.
Disney isn’t the only one pushing away unhealthy foods. Last week, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg suggested a ban on drinks over 16 ounces sold in movie theaters, restaurants and convenience stores in the Big Apple. He says large, sugary drinks are partly to blame for obesity.
小題1: What will the Walt Disney Company do from 2015?
A．Produce more and better cartoons for young kids.
B．Stop broadcasting advertisements for junk food on TV.
C．Help kids develop healthy lifestyle in the program.
D．Provide healthier food for kids while they are watching programs.
小題2: What Michelle Obama said suggests that while watching cartoons　　　.
A．kids didn’t believe what the commercials said
B．kids don’t enjoy eating candy, sugary cereal or junk food
C．kids would see a lot of fast-food commercials on TV
D．kids find pleasure in watching fast-food commercials
小題3: The underlined phrase “be off the air” in Paragraph 5 probably means“　　　”.
A．not be broadcast　　　B．be in need
C．become popularD．be praised
小題4: According to Michael Bloomberg, to fight child obesity, kids should　　　.
A．watch fewer cartoons
B．drink less sugary drinks
C．not go to movie theaters
D．take more physical exercise

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