She’s not afraid of anything. Snakes? No problem. Walking alone in the dark? Easy. We’re not talking about a superhero here -- SM is a 44-year-old mother.  And she’s fearless because she happens to be missing part of her brain: the amygdala(扁桃腺).
Shaped like a pair of almonds sitting in the middle of your brain, the amygdala helps control fear and anxiety. A rare condition called Urbach-Wiethe disease left SM without her amygdala, and seems to have completely erased her sense of fear.
To try to understand how the amygdala works, a team of researchers made their efforts to scare SM. They showed her horror movies and took her to the Waverly Hills Sanatorium Haunted House in Kentucky. She pushed out one of the monsters(巨物) and laughed. SM said she didn’t like snakes, but at a pet store full of poisonous creatures, she kept asking to touch them. When asked to rate her feelings, SM reported feeling surprised or disgusted, but never fearful.
“She tends to approach everything she should be avoiding,” says Justin Feinstein of the  University of Iowa. This means the amygdala could control deeper urges to approach or avoid danger. Other scientists have a different opinion, though.  “I don’t believe you can make a general statement about what the amygdala does by a single case study,” Elizabeth Phelps said. In 2002, Phelps published a study on a similar patient with amygdala damage who still showed fear.
It may sound like fun to be totally fearless, but we get scared for a good reason. “The nature of fear is survival and the amygdala helps us stay alive by avoiding situations, people, or objects that put our life in danger,” Feinstein said. SM was once followed in a park after dark by a man with a knife, and she simply walked away. “It is quite remarkable that she is still alive,” said Feinstein.
小題1:SM dares to walk alone in the dark mainly because ____________.
A．she is a superhero
B．she has experienced such conditions a lot
C．she is a mental patient
D．she has no sense of fear
小題2:Researchers tried their best to frighten SM in order to find ___________.
A．The function of a particular organ
B．SM’s reaction of fear and anxiety
C．The process of removing amygdale
D．A special way to get along with monsters
小題3:What do we know from the research on SM?
A．It was easy for her to avoid danger.
B．SM never felt fearful but disgusted.
C．SM was frightened by nothing except monsters.
D．SM got along well with the snakes.
小題4:What is Elizabeth Phelps’ attitude toward the function of the amygdala based on the research on SM?
A．IndifferentB．SupportiveC．DisapprovingD．Interested
小題5:What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．People can remove their amygdala to be fearless.
B．SM will be admired because of her bravery.
C．No one can survive if their amygdala is removed.
D．The sense of fear is crucial to humans.

小題1:D
小題2:A
小題3:B
小題4:C
小題5:D

試題分析：本文敘述了對于沒有扁桃腺的人SM的一次實驗，研究人員的目的就是看一下扁桃腺的功能，他們讓SM看恐怖電影看恐怖的動物，但是她都想動手去摸，沒有感到害怕和恐懼，只是感到驚奇和有點厭惡，因此，研究人員就確定扁桃腺是來控制人的害怕的感官，它在人的身體中是很重要的。當然對此還有的人提出了不同的觀點。
小題1:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)she’s fearless because she happens to be missing part of her brain: the amygdala(扁桃腺).因為她沒有了控制人們害怕的扁桃腺，所以她沒有感到害怕，故選D。
小題2:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)To try to understand how the amygdala works, a team of researchers made their efforts to scare SM.研究人員為了找到特殊的器官的功能，故選A。
小題3:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SM reported feeling surprised or disgusted, but never fearful.她從來沒有感到害怕只是感到厭惡和吃驚，故選B。
小題4:細節(jié)理解題。A.Indifferent中立的； B. Supportive支持的； C. Disapproving不贊成的； D. Interested感興趣的。根據(jù)“I don’t believe you can make a general statement about what the amygdala does by a single case study,” Elizabeth Phelps said.他不贊成這個觀點，他認為這是一個特例，故選C。
小題5:推理判斷題。根據(jù)It is quite remarkable that she is still alive,可以推出不害怕也不行，害怕的感覺對人也是很重要的，故選D。
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There aren’t many believable numbers, but we do know the number of people who eat while sitting in front of some type of screen is growing. A recent study found that 33 percent of families always have the TV on during meal times and another 27 percent people have it on at least half the time. Another 10 percent may be texting, emailing or talking on a cell phone while eating.
Any type of these behaviors is bad, considering the following evidence:
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A three-week study found that adults who usually play with smartphones less burned 119 more calories per day.
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A．stories and explanationsB．examples and investigations
C．a(chǎn)n argument and evidenceD．facts and descriptions
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B．Adults’ weight is not affected by their eating habits.
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D．This text must be found on a website.
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C．Healthy and Unhealthy Eating Habits
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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B．Cutting carbon dioxide emissions saves lives.
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B．Socializing is unnecessarily important in people's daily life.
C．White fat can be changed into brown fat.
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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Listening to your favorite music for a while can also make tension go away quickly, because music starts associations with past positive experiences we’ve had.
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TV may not help much: You need to increase your energy level and stimulate（刺激） your mind – something that the TV show “Neighbors” won’t do. And before you reach for that piece of cake and coffee, think about how mood and food are linked. Sugar and caffeine contribute to depressed moods. A better choice? Research shows that carbohydrates, such as potatoes and pasta（面食）,produce a calming effect in people who have a desire for them.
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A．Doing nothing about it.B．Exercising and enjoying music.
C．Writing down negative thoughts.D．Talking about it with neighbors.
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A．It helps remove bad mood.B．It brings us a new technique.
C．It is not complicated to do so.D．It is an area to be easily controlled.
小題3:TV may not improve your mood because it    .
A．shows what happens around youB．does not energize you
C．reminds you of eating and drinkingD．produces a calming effect
小題4:Which would be the best title for this passage?
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C．Bad Mood and Our LifeD．How to Control Your Feeling.

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When it comes to eating smart for your heart, stop thinking about short-term solutions and simplify your life with a straightforward approach that will serve you well for years to come.
Smart eating goes beyond analyzing every bite of food you lift  36  your mouth. “In the past we used to believe that  37  amounts of individual nutrients were the 38 to good health,” Linda Van Horn, professor of the American Heart Association's Nutrition Committee. "But now we have a 39 understanding of healthy eating and the kinds of food necessary to  40  not only heart disease but disease  41  general," she adds.
Scientists now  42 on the broader picture of the balance of food eaten  43  several days or a week  44 than on the number of milligrams of this or that  45  at each meal.
Fruits, vegetables and whole grains, for example, provide nutrients and plant-based compounds 46 to good health. “The more we learn, the more  47  we are by the wealth of essential substances they  48 ," Van Horn continues, "and how they  49  with each other to keep us healthy."
You'll automatically be  50  the right heart-healthy track if vegetables, fruits and whole grains make 51  three quarters of the food on your dinner plate. 52  in the remaining one quarter with lean meat or chicken, fish or eggs.
The foods you choose to eat as well as those you choose to  53  clearly contribute to your well-being. Without a  54 , each of the small decisions you make in this can make a big 55  on your health in the years to come.
小題1: A between         B through           C inside                D to
小題2:A serious          B splendid          C specific          D separate
小題3:A key              B point             C lead              D center
小題4:A strict           B different         C typical               D natural
小題5:A rescue           B prevent              C forbid                D offend
小題6:A in               B upon              C for               D by
小題7:A turn             B put               C focus             D carry
小題8:A over         B along             C with              D beyond
小題9:A other            B better                C rather                D sooner
小題10:A conveyed        B consumed          C entered               D exhausted
小題11:A vital          B initial               C valid             D efficient
小題12:A disturbed       B depressed         C amazed               D amused
小題13:A preserve            B contain              C attain                D maintain
小題14:A interfere           B interact            C occupy            D rest
小題15:A at              B of                    C on                   D within
小題16:A out             B into              C off              D up
小題17:A Engage          B Fill              C Involve               D Pack
小題18:A delete          B escape                C avoid             D spoil
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

C
If you have to miss a meal a day, which meal will cause you fewest health problems if you don’t eat it? If you have to make a decision of this type, most people (especially very busy people) will choose to skip breakfast.
However, many experts in the field of health consider breakfast ( the meal which “break” you “fast” ) to be the most important  meal of the day. If we eat a good breakfast, they say, we will have the energy and nutrients (營養(yǎng)) we need to begin our working day with vigor(活力) and stay hopeful with good honor. However, many people skip breakfast or substitute a cup of coffee for a well balanced meal. What happens if we ignore the importance of breakfast?
One recent study conducted in the United States tested a large number of people. Participants(參加者) included both males and females who ranged in age from 12 to 83. The results showed that if a person eats an adequate(豐富的) breakfast, he or she will work more efficiently(效率高地) and more productively than if he or she skips breakfast or eats a very poor breakfast. This fact appears to be especially true if a person’s work involves mental(腦力的) activities. The study showed that if school-children eat fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, they will learn more quickly and will be able to concentrate on their lessons for a longer period of time than if their breakfast is inadequate(不豐富).
The study also showed that contrary to what people believe, if you skip breakfast, you will not lose weight. This is because people become so hungry if they skip breakfast that they eat too much for lunch and end up gaining weight instead of losing. So remember, if you want to lose weight, skipping breakfast will not help you. You will likely lose more weight if you decrease your other meals.
小題1: According to experts, breakfast is the most important meal of the day because _____.
A．a(chǎn) good breakfast breaks you down fast
B．you’ll lose weight quickly if you skip breakfast
C．breakfast provides what a person needs to work
D．a(chǎn)fter a long night, you’ll feel very hungry
小題2:The underlined part “substitute a cup of coffee for a well balanced meal”(Para. 2) probably means _______.
A．to exchange a cup of coffee for a well balanced meal.
B．To drink a cup of coffee instead of a well balanced meal.
C．To change a cup of coffee into a well balanced meal.
D．To regard a cup of coffee as a well balanced meal.
小題3:The example of school-children in para.3 shows that _______.
A．school-children will be quick and attentive all day if they eat breakfast
B．a(chǎn) proper breakfast will make mental workers more efficient
C．fruit, eggs, bread and milk are the best breakfast for mental workers
D．school-children who have breakfast are much brighter than those who don’t
小題4:Which of the following is NOT true according to Para. 4?
A．Some people skip breakfast because they want to be slimmer.
B．Most people who skip breakfast actually eat more for lunch.
C．People put on weight because they eat too much breakfast.
D．Skipping breakfast won’t help people who want to lose weight.
小題5:The best title of the passage is _______.
A．How to Lose WeightB．What’s a Healthy Diet
C．Surprising Results of a StudyD．Breakfast – A Meal That Breaks You Fast

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