The “Bystander Apathy Effect” was first studied by researchers in New York after neighbours ignored --- and in some cases turned up the volume on their TVs --- the cries of a woman as she was murdered (over a half-hour period). With regard to helping those in difficulty generally, they found that:
women are helped more than men;
men help more than women;
attractive women are helped more than unattractive women.
Other factors relate to the number of people in the area, whether the person is thought to be in trouble through their own fault, and whether a person sees himself as being able to help.
According to Adrian Furnham, Professor of University College, London, there are three reasons why we tend to stand by doing nothing:
“Shifting of responsibility” --- the more people there are, the less likely help is to be given. Each person excuses himself by thinking someone else will help, so that the more “other people” there are, the greater the total shifting of responsibility.
“Fear of making a mistake” --- situations are often not clear. People think that those involved in an incident may know each other or it may be a joke, so a fear of embarrassment makes them keep themselves to themselves.
“Fear of the consequences if attention is turned on you, and the person is violent.”
Laurie Taylor, Professor of Sociology at London University, says: “In the experiments I’ve seen on intervention（介入）, much depends on the neighborhood or setting. There is a silence on public transport which is hard to break. We are embarrassed to draw attention to something that is happening, while in a football match, people get involved , and a fight would easily follow.”
Psychotherapist Alan Dupuy identifies the importance of the individual: “the British as a whole have some difficulty intervention, but there are exceptional individuals in every group who are prepared to intervene, regardless of their own safety. These would be people with a strong moral code or religious ideals.”
60. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Pretty women are more likely to be helped.
B. People on a bus are more likely to stop a crime.
C. Religious people are more likely to look on.
D. Criminals are more likely to harm women.
61. Which factor is NOT related with intervention according to the passage?
A. Sex.          B. Nationality.                     C. Profession.               D. Setting.
62. Which phenomenon can be described as the “Bystander Apathy Effect”?
A. A man is more likely to help than a woman.
B. In a football match, people get involved in a fight.
C. Seeing a murder, people feel sorry that it should have happened.
D. On hearing a cry for help, people keep themselves to themselves.
63. The author wrote this article _______.
A. to explain why bystanders behave as they do
B. to urge people to stand out when in need
C. to criticize the selfishness of bystanders
D. to analyze the weakness of human nature

小題1:A
小題2:C
小題3:D
小題4:A
         
練習(xí)冊系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Imagine a boy from a small village in East Africa. He, since a very early age, has been looking after cattle. At twelve years old he knows more about cattle than most of you. However, he has never been to school. Has this boy had any education?
Education is discovering about ourselves and about the people and things around us. All the people who care about us — our parents, brothers, sisters, friends — are our teachers. In fact, we learn something from everyone we meet. We start learning on the day we were born, not on the first day we go to school. Every day we have new experiences, like finding a bird’s nest, discovering a new street in our neighborhood, making friends with someone we didn’t like before. New experiences are even more fun when we share them with other people.
Encouragement from the people around us enables us to explore things as many as possible. As we grow up, we begin to find out what we are capable of doing. You may be good at cooking, or singing or playing football. You find this out by doing these things. Just thinking about cooking doesn’t tell you whether you are good at it.
We learn so much just living from day to day. So why is school important? Of course you can learn some things better at home than at school, like how to do the shopping, and how to help old or disabled people who can’t do everything for themselves. At school, teachers help us to read and write. With their guidance, we begin to see things in different ways.
小題1: The writer takes the African boy as an example to show that _______.
A．African children are very poor.B．some children are unlucky.
C．there are many kinds of education.D．schools are of great importance.
小題2:In the opinion of the writer,       .
A．we have to learn from the people around us.B．the school is not important at all.
C．only people who care for us can teach us.D．education takes place everywhere.
小題3: One can find out what he / she is good at by     _.
A．what people encourage him/ her to do.B．the teachings of those he / she meets.
C．thinking about it when growing up.D．trying and practising things.
小題4: The passage tells us that _    .
A．everyone gets education from the day he or she was born.
B．different classes of people receive different kinds of education.
C．the school is absolutely necessary if one wants to understand the world.
D．everyone will find out what he or she is good at.
小題5:According to the last paragraph, we know that       .
A．the school is not so important as our living places.
B．the school enables us to understand the world in other ways.
C．the school teaches us things which are useless at home.
D．the school cannot prepare us for our daily lives.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A kind of little cars may some day take the place of today’s ones. If everyone drives such cars in the future, there will be less pollution in the air. There will also be more space for parking cars in cities, and the streets will be less crowded. Three such cars can fit in the space now needed for one car of the usual size.
The little cars will cost much less to own and to drive. Driving will be safer, too, as these little cars can go only 65 kilometers an hour.
The cars of the future will be fine for getting around the city, but they will not be useful for long trips. Little cars will go 450 kilometers before needing to stop for more gasoline.
If big cars are still used along with the small ones, two sets of roads will be needed in the future. Some roads will be used for the gig, fast cars and other roads will be needed for the slower small ones.
小題1:There is much pollution in the air today because ___________.
A．people drive big cars
B．people drive little cars
C．the cars go 65 kilometers an hour
D．the cars can go 450 kilometers an hour
小題2:The usual size of cars today is _______ that of the future cars.
A．much smaller thanB．much the same as
C．three times as large asD．a(chǎn) little larger than
小題3: Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Big cars cost more to own and to drive
B．Big cars are not useful for long trips
C．The cars of the future will be smaller than today’s cars.
D．Small cars are slower than big cars.
小題4:The street will be less crowded because ______________.
A there will be fewer cars in the future
B. driving future cars will be safer
C. there will be fewer passengers in the street
D. future cars will be much smaller
小題5: Two sets of roads may be needed in the future because_________.
A．there will be too many cars in the future
B．more and more people will get around a city
C．bit cars and little cars may be used along with each other
D．it looks more beautiful to have two sets of roads

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Ⅲ 閱讀 (共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）
第一節(jié)閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并存答題卡上將該
項涂黑。
Increasingly over the last few years,we have become familiar with the range of small electronic devices or  “smart” accessories (附件,飾品 ) . Pocket heart -rate monitors for joggers and electronic maps are just the first examples of many new products that promise to change our lives in all sorts of surprising ways.
As a scientist at New York University . Rosalind Picard tries out different smart accessories before they go on the market.  One of these was the so-called " frown (皺眉)headband". Rosalind was shocked to realize just how often she frowned. Stuck in a traffic jam recently, Rosalind kept hearing the sounds of the tiny sensor inside the band worn around her forehead -each time she frowned in annoyance, the sensor gave out a signal.
Another computer scientist , Stevcn Feiner, is working on a pair of glasses that will do more than help you to see .Imagine you want to try a restaurant in a foreign city but you're not familiar with the dishes on the menu.  If you are weanng a pair of Steven's glasses . all yau have to do is glance above the restauran’s doorway and your glasses will immediately become windows to the Tntemet, offering you full details of the meals served inside. The glasses could also be used to help people make speeches,give chefs access to the latest recipes and even provide doctors with
patient information while they carry out operations.
At the moment, Steven's invention looks more like a large ski mask than a pair of glasses.
It's a headset connected to a hand-held computer and a Global Positioning  System  ( GPS ) receiver, which tracks the wearer's position. But he says that these head-worn displays will eventually get smaller and lighter as technology improves.
And, of course, this new technology has a fashionable as well as a useful application. A chemical engineer named Roben Langer has invented a new microchip that, if put inside a ring,can give off different smells according to a person's mood. That, of course, may or may not appeal to you.  And,in the end , it is  shoppers . not scientiscs , who will determine which of these smart accessories will succeed as fashionable items and which are sure tO join history's long list of crazy inventions.
It is clear,however ,that as computers get smaller and cheapcr.  Lhcy will pop up in all sorts
of easily-wearable accessories . even in the buttons on your coat.  WhaCs morc, this is something that's going to happen a lot sooner than we all expect.
41. When Rosalind wore the headband, she was surprised a___________
A. how well the sensor worked           B. how she was affected by traffic
C. how strong the signal was            D. how uncomfortable it was
42.  For people eating out , Steven’ s glasses can___________      
A . give them a restaurant's location
B.  let them see a restaurant's environment
C.  inform them about a restaurant’s menu 
D.  tell them about a restaurant's quality
43. What is the current problem with Stevcn's glasses?
A. Limited function.                B. Inconvenience.
C. High cost.                       D. Poor Internet access.
44.  In general, what does the writer think about smart accessories?
A. They will soon be widely available.
B. Much more research is needed into them.
C. Only a few of them will appeal to shoppers.
D. Most of them are considered to be crazy inventions.
45. What's the writer's purpose in writing this passage?
A. To advertise some smart accessories.
B .To tell interesting stories about smart accessories.
C. To argue that smart accessories are fashionable.
D. To introduce the idea of smart accessories.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


第二節(jié)完型填空（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從36—55各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項
Some of you must have complained why there are so many English words that you have to memorize every day.   36  , do you know how many words the English language has exactly? Maybe ten thousand, one hundred thousand, or   37  one million!
Every 98 minutes, there is a new English word being   38  . Last time when words were being   39  to the language at this rate was during the   40   of William Shakespeare. The   41  popularity of English has   42   the most fertile (豐富的) period of word creation. About 1.53 billion people speak English as a   43 , a second or a business language. The Global Language Monitor,   44   in the state of Texas in the US, has been recording English word creation since 2003. Now, there are almost one million English words.
Words that are predicted to be the one millionth   45   “defollow”, “defriend”, “noob”, and “greenwashing”. “Defollow” and “defriend” are Internet words,   46   what users do with a person they do not wish to   47  in touch with on the Internet. “Noob” is an offending name for someone new   48   a particular task or community. The word “greenwashing”   49   what companies do to appear   50  friendly. And “chiconomics” means a difficult time in fashion. Of course, there is a   51   that the one millionth word will be a sixth choice. The Global Language Monitor once   52  that the millionth English word would be “imminent” in 2006, but the organization has   53  that expected date  54 once. Other experts have   55   doubts about its methods because they don’t think that there is an agreement about how to classify a word.
36．A．However  B．Besides     C．Moreover  D．Therefore
37．A．ever  B．never C．even  D．sometimes
38．A．commented      B．created     C．memorized       D．motivated
39．A．a(chǎn)dded       B．a(chǎn)cquired   C．a(chǎn)dopted    D．devoted
40．A．years B．days  C．months     D．hours
41．A．a(chǎn)ppropriate      B．widespread       C．fundamental     D．a(chǎn)wful
42．A．taken B．led    C．found       D．brought
43．A．physical    B．social       C．primary    D．typical
44．A．lay    B．located     C．built  D．found
45．A．conclude   B．include     C．have  D．set
46．A．saying      B．writing     C．describing D．a(chǎn)ccounting
47．A．lose   B．pay   C．have  D．stay
48．A．with  B．of     C．to      D．a(chǎn)t
49．A．refers to   B．prefers to  C．comes to   D．sticks to
50．A．constantly B．eventually C．environmentally      D．finally
51．A．fact   B．possibility C．result D．bond
52．A．published  B．declared    C．expected   D．claimed
53．A．put up      B．put off      C．put down  D．put out
54．A．more than B．other than C．rather than       D．less than
55．A．expressed  B．instructed  C．a(chǎn)ssociated D．consulted

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


A 1.6-meter tall robot may soon become the best friend for lonely elderly people，as Chinese scientists are making the final sprint(沖刺)toward its market launch(投放)，said a senior researcher on the robot project on Saturday．
“We are working on testing the exact functions and ways to reduce the cost in preparations for an expected market launch of the robot in two to three years，”said Li Ruifeng，a member of  the project．  
He said the team hoped to reduce the cost so that the robot can be priced at 30，000 to 50，000 yuan，which is expected to be an affordable price for most of China’s better-off families．
The robot has been developed with the functions of fetching food，medicine，sounding alarms in case of water or gas leakage，sending texts or video images via wireless communications，and even singing a song or playing chess to entertain its masters．
Li said that the robot，developed independently in China, has technology at the same level as those in western labs．   
China set about the research of the robot in 2007，when it was listed as a national key project．It is backed by government funding(撥款)．China has the world’s largest elderly  population with 159 million people over 60，accounting for 12 percent of its total population． According to a survey by the Ministry of Civil Affairs，more than 10 million caregivers and nurses are needed to attend the elderly population，as most of Chinese elderly prefer to live their retired lives at home．   
61．The passage mainly talked about         ．
A．the problems of Chinese elderly population
B．the advantages of the Robot caregivers
C．robot caregivers for the elderly to lilt market
D．the government’s attention to the elderly
62．The underlined word “backed” in the last paragraph means     ．
A. supported  B．suggested C．controlled       D．stopped
63．From the last paragraph we know that       ．
A．our government pays no attention to the elderly people
B．China has the world’s largest elderly population
C．Chinese elderly people prefer to be looked after by robot caregivers
D．robots are the best friends for the lonely elderly people
64．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Robot caregivers will appear in the market in 2 or 3 years．
B．Robot caregivers can help elderly people do everything．
C．The robot needs some technology from western labs．
D．The robot is expected to be bought by every people．
65．The author wrote the passage to        ．
A．a(chǎn)dvertise a robot caregiver to the elderly
B．tell China elderly not to worry about their life  
C．explain how robot caregivers work in the future
D．introduce a newly-developed robot caregiver

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Some fish form huge schools. Could fish set up schools and teach their children how to survive in the ocean? You may ask. No. Here the “schools” are not the places where you study. They are fish shoals (魚群) that cover tens of kilometers. What causes hundreds of millions of fish to gather and move together is one of biology’s mysteries.
Darkness appears to be the first step to the creation of shoals, according to a study published in the March 27 journal Science. A team of researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and five other institutions studied Atlantic herring (鯡魚), which forms shoals on a fishing ground off Massachusetts. They used an underwater imaging technology and fish-finding sonar (聲納) to observe the herring over several days in autumn when they spawn (產(chǎn)卵).
They found that, as the sun set, fish in scattered (分散的) groups began swimming much closer to one another than they normally do. When the number of fish reached a certain point in an area, this set off a chain reaction of similar behavior that spread like a sound wave through the water.
The herring’s movement seemed to be started by sunset. The team didn’t record the breakup of these shoals, but a previous study suggested that as the sun rose, the shoals fell apart.
“When the light fades (逐漸消失), it’s safer for the fish to move away from the seabed,” says Nicholas Makris, a professor at MIT who led the research. “Once they have a certain number of other fish, they suddenly come together - forming a shoal covering tens of kilometers within tens of minutes.”
Herring form shoals to migrate during the autumn spawning season. Some shoals were 40 km across and 30 m from top to bottom. They formed in deep water and moved into more shallow waters to spawn.
Forming shoals helps protect them from predators (掠食者) by giving them simple strength in numbers. The ordered movement of the shoal means the fish can reach their spawning ground more quickly and more safely.
Scientists have never before gathered information on so many animals acting together. Understanding these herring shoals could lead to more ideas about what causes animals to move in schools, says Iain Couzin, a biologist at Princeton University, US.
1. Which school in the following expressions is used the same way as the underlined one in the first paragraph?
A. schools of thoughts       B. school a horse   C. a school of whales       D. a medical school
2. Which of the following statements is true?
A. There are more large shoals of herring at night than in the daytime.
B. The research on Atlantic herring was conducted independently by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
C. The larger the shoal of herring is, the more slowly it moves.
D. Scientists have found out the reason why fish gather and move together in huge shoals.
3. According to the research, herring tend to get together except ______.
A.when there are predators around  B. when they spawn C. when the sun sets  D. when the sun rises
4. What seems to be the main reason for herring to gather and move together?
A. To avoid the darkness.
B. To keep other kinds of fish out of their spawning ground.
C. To spawn in the shallow waters.
D. To make themselves feel safe.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Because plants cannot move or talk, it is believed that they have no feelings and that they cannot receive signals from outside. However, this may not be completely true.
People who studied plants have found out that plants carry a small electrical charge (電荷). It is possible to measure this charge with a small piece of equipment called “galvanometer”. The galvanometer is placed on a leaf off the plant, and it records any changes in the electrical field of the leaf. Humans have a similar field which can change when we are shocked or frightened.
A man called Backster used a galvanometer for his studies of plants and was very surprised at his results. He found that if he had two or more plants in a room and he began to destroy one of them － perhaps by pulling off its leaves or by pulling it out of its pot － then the galvanometer on the leaves of the other plants showed a change in the electrical field. It seemed as if the plants were signalling a feeling of shock. This happened not only when Backster started to destroy plants, but also when he destroyed other living things such as insects (昆蟲).
Backster said that the plants also knew if someone had destroyed a living thing some distance away, because they signalled when a man who had just cut down a tree entered the room.
Another scientist, named Sauvin, achieved similar results to Backster’s. He kept galvanometers fixed to his plants all the time and checked regularly to see what the plants were doing. If he was out of the office, he telephoned to find out about the signals the plants were sending. In this way, he found that the plants were sending out signals at the exact times when he felt strong pleasure or pain. In fact, Sauvin could cause a change in the electrical field of his plants over a distance of a few miles simply by thinking about them.
60. Why was Backster surprised at the results of his studies?
A. Because he found someone had just cut down a tree.
B. Because he destroyed a plant by pulling it out of its pot.
C. Because he found that plants could move and speak after all.
D. Because he found that plants could express feelings of shock.
61. The plants sent out signals _____.
A. only when Backster Started to destroy plants
B. when Backster destroyed plants or other living things
C. only when he destroyed things such as insects
D. only when Backster placed the galvanometer on the leaves of the plants
62. The scientist called Sauvin _____.
A. did not agree with Backster’s ideas
B. did not get the same sort of results as Backster did
C. found out some of the same things that Backster did
D. got different results from Backster’s
63. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. The electrical charge plants carry may shock or frighten us.
B. A tree will signal when it has been cut down.
C. Sauvin could make his plants send out signals some distance away.
D. Plants have feelings because they can receive signals without moving.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


An annularity(日環(huán)食) is expected to cross China Friday afternoon, a researcher with the Purple Mountain Observatory under the Chinese Academy of Sciences said Wednesday.
The phenomenon, predicted to be the longest annularity of the next 1,000 years, can be seen in some areas of Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Hunan,  Hubei,  Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong provinces as well as Chongqing.
A partial eclipse(日偏食) would be seen in most of the rest of China, except for the northeast tip of Heilongjiang Province, said Cheng.
According to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the United States, the annularity will begin in Africa and pass through the Indian Ocean, where the maximum duration(持續(xù)的時間) of annularity will reach 11 minutes and 8 seconds.
It will continue into Asia through Bangladesh, India, Myanmar and China. Cheng said the annularity will end at Jiaodong peninsula in Shandong Province, China.
The longest duration of the annularity on China’s territory would be 8 minutes and 17 seconds in Ruili, Yunan Province. A sunset with the annularity would be seen in some areas of Shandong, Guangdong and Taiwan, said Cheng.
An annularity occurs when the moon does not cover the entire disc of the sun so that a ring of light encircles the shadow of the moon.
Another expert said that though an annularity was not considered as wonderful as a total solar eclipse and was of little value in scientific research. It was interesting for the general public to watch the phenomenon, though.
60.The annularity mentioned in the passage is unusual because        .
A. it is expected to cross all over China
B. it begins in Africa and passes through Asia
C. it is of great importance in scientific research
D. it lasts the longest in the next one thousand years
61.From the passage we may conclude that people in Fujian can only enjoy the scene of      .
A. an annularity            B. a partial solar eclipse
C. a total solar eclipse           D. a sunset with the annularity
62.People       can enjoy the longest duration of the annularity on Friday.
A. in Africa    B. in India      C. in China     D. on the Indian Ocean
63.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A. The annularity will end in Shandong Province.
B. The annularity can be seen by people all over China.
C. The phenomenon is an exciting one to the astronomers only.
D. A partial eclipse occurs when a ring of light encircles the shadow of the moon.

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊答案