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Some fish form huge schools. Could fish set up schools and teach their children how to survive in the ocean? You may ask. No. Here the “schools” are not the places where you study. They are fish shoals (魚群) that cover tens of kilometers. What causes hundreds of millions of fish to gather and move together is one of biology’s mysteries.
Darkness appears to be the first step to the creation of shoals, according to a study published in the March 27 journal Science. A team of researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and five other institutions studied Atlantic herring (鯡魚), which forms shoals on a fishing ground off Massachusetts. They used an underwater imaging technology and fish-finding sonar (聲納) to observe the herring over several days in autumn when they spawn (產卵).
They found that, as the sun set, fish in scattered (分散的) groups began swimming much closer to one another than they normally do. When the number of fish reached a certain point in an area, this set off a chain reaction of similar behavior that spread like a sound wave through the water.
The herring’s movement seemed to be started by sunset. The team didn’t record the breakup of these shoals, but a previous study suggested that as the sun rose, the shoals fell apart.
“When the light fades (逐漸消失), it’s safer for the fish to move away from the seabed,” says Nicholas Makris, a professor at MIT who led the research. “Once they have a certain number of other fish, they suddenly come together - forming a shoal covering tens of kilometers within tens of minutes.”
Herring form shoals to migrate during the autumn spawning season. Some shoals were 40 km across and 30 m from top to bottom. They formed in deep water and moved into more shallow waters to spawn.
Forming shoals helps protect them from predators (掠食者) by giving them simple strength in numbers. The ordered movement of the shoal means the fish can reach their spawning ground more quickly and more safely.
Scientists have never before gathered information on so many animals acting together. Understanding these herring shoals could lead to more ideas about what causes animals to move in schools, says Iain Couzin, a biologist at Princeton University, US.
1. Which school in the following expressions is used the same way as the underlined one in the first paragraph?
A. schools of thoughts       B. school a horse   C. a school of whales       D. a medical school
2. Which of the following statements is true?
A. There are more large shoals of herring at night than in the daytime.
B. The research on Atlantic herring was conducted independently by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
C. The larger the shoal of herring is, the more slowly it moves.
D. Scientists have found out the reason why fish gather and move together in huge shoals.
3. According to the research, herring tend to get together except ______.
A.when there are predators around  B. when they spawn C. when the sun sets  D. when the sun rises
4. What seems to be the main reason for herring to gather and move together?
A. To avoid the darkness.
B. To keep other kinds of fish out of their spawning ground.
C. To spawn in the shallow waters.
D. To make themselves feel safe.

小題1:C
小題2:A
小題3:D
小題4:D
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解



People should be warned against using mobile phones outdoors in stormy weather because they may “be struck by lightning”, according to doctors.
Three experts have described how a teenage girl was struck by lightning while using her phone in a large London park. The girl, aged 15, recovered, but a year later was still wheelchair-bound and found to be suffering complex physical and emotional problems.
The girl also had a perforate eardrum（打孔耳膜）on the side where she had been holding the mobile phone. She was having general recovery in Northwick Park Hospital, Middlesex.
Swinda Esprit, a senior house offi­cer, said that while the brain and muscle damage was similar to that of many lightning victims—who can experience heart attacks on being struck— the ear problems were not.
She said that the damages were particularly relevant for people who might be involved in less seri­ous lightning incidents, who might other­wise recover, but would never get their full hearing back if struck while on the phone.
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They added that three other cases had been reported in newspapers in China, South Korea, and Malaysia. In the Malaysian case, a sales executive was killed by lightning while talking on his phone during a thun­derstorm near Kuala Lumpur.
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The Australian Lightning Protection Standard recommends that metallic objects, including cordless or mobile phones, should not be carried out­doors during thunderstorms. However, “the United States National Weather Service says on its website that both are safe to use “because there is no direct path between you and the lightening”.
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Mr. Taylor said that mobile phones should be treated as another piece of metal, similar to carrying coins or wearing rings, and people need to be warned against the possi­ble danger.
51. What do we know about the teenage girl?
A. She was struck by lightning at school.
B. She completely recovered from being struck.
C. She still suffered from mental problems.
D. She had to press her ear all day.
52. It can be inferred that damage done by lightening while using mobile phones ______.
A. is more serious than that when one is not using a mobile phone                         
B. can be healed quickly except for heart attacks
C. is less serious because the victims can usually recover                   
D. is mainly in the brain and muscle of the victims
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A. Because more people are faced with it.     B. Because some deaths have been caused.
C. Because lightning is harmful for the brain.   D. Because a teenage girl got killed.
54. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that ______.
A. both cordless and mobile phones are safe to use outside in lightning
B. there is no direct connection between lightning and ear injuries at all
C. opinions differ as to whether it is safe to use mobiles phones in lightning
D. ear injuries are the result of carrying coins or wearing rings in lightning
55. The purpose in writing this passage is ______.
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B. to focus on various damages done to lightning victims
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


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二：完形填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面的短文，掌握其大意。然后從21－35各題所給的四個選項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
How to get rid of waste is a great problem for the world today. Waste must be treated   21  it does not become a danger to life.   22  , in some countries, waste from factories is still poured straight into rivers. People who use the water from one of these rivers often get   23 . The water  may become so polluted that it   24  all the fish in the river. When these rivers finally reaches the   25  , it pollutes the ocean.
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The   34  of dealing with waste has become so great that several international organizations have been   35   to protect the world and control pollution.
21. A. as if                   B. so that             C. ever since               D. now that
22. A. Luckily               B. Happily           C. Unfortunately         D. Hopefully
23 A. sick                        B. hope               C. rich                        D. fun
24. A. raises                  B. feeds               C. kills                       D. breaks
25. A. pool                   B. lake                C. spring                    D. sea
26. A. grassland         B. plains                 C. sea coasts          D. deserts
27. A. safe                    B. useful                     C. dirty                 D. wrong
28. A. need                   B. may                   C. can’t             D. needn’t
29. A. So                      B. Because              C. Since                D. But
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32. A. out of                 B. away from                 C. into                  D. above
33. A. depending on    B. feeding on                 C. leading to       D. connecting to
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The Terminator
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


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women are helped more than men;
men help more than women;
attractive women are helped more than unattractive women.
Other factors relate to the number of people in the area, whether the person is thought to be in trouble through their own fault, and whether a person sees himself as being able to help.
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“Fear of making a mistake” --- situations are often not clear. People think that those involved in an incident may know each other or it may be a joke, so a fear of embarrassment makes them keep themselves to themselves.
“Fear of the consequences if attention is turned on you, and the person is violent.”
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A. Pretty women are more likely to be helped.
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C. Religious people are more likely to look on.
D. Criminals are more likely to harm women.
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A. Sex.          B. Nationality.                     C. Profession.               D. Setting.
62. Which phenomenon can be described as the “Bystander Apathy Effect”?
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B. In a football match, people get involved in a fight.
C. Seeing a murder, people feel sorry that it should have happened.
D. On hearing a cry for help, people keep themselves to themselves.
63. The author wrote this article _______.
A. to explain why bystanders behave as they do
B. to urge people to stand out when in need
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


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Women gardeners’ voices speed up growth of tomato plants much more than men’s, it found.
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67.What is the best title for the passage?
A. Plants can’t grow faster without female voices
B. Women’s voices are more useful than men’s
C. Women’s voices make plants grow faster
D. Voices have positive effects on the growth of plants
68.The underlined word”serenaded” in Paragraph 3 most probably means”________”.
A.sung songs to
B.spoken to
C.talked about
D. played music to
69.According to the passage, ten_________were used in the experiment.
A.tomato plants
B.headphones
C. tape recorders
D.plant pots
70.What can we know about the findings of the experiment from the passage?
A. The women’s voices made the palnts grow faster by half an inch than the men’s.
B.Sarah Darwin’s plant grew 2 inches taller than her neraest competitor’s.
C. The plants which grew in silence did not necessarily grow the slowest
D. The women’s plants grew 2 inches taller than the men’s on average.

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