Providing small classes for at least several grades starting in early primary school gives students the best chance to succeed in late grades, according to groundbreaking new research from a Michigan State University scholar.
The research by Spyros Konstantopoulos, a professor of education, is the first to examine the effects of class size over a period and for all levels of students. The study appears in the American Journal of Education.
He is also a member of a group for the Department of Education’s Instiute of Education Sciences that will give official advice on class size to the states. He said the advice will mirror his research: the best plan is to provide continuous small classes(13 to 17 students) for at least several years starting in kindergarten or first grade.
“For a logn time states thought they could just do it in kindergarten or first grade for one year and get the benefits,” He said. “I don’t believe that. I think you need at least a few years in a row where all students, and especially low-achievers, receive the treatment, and then you see the benefits later.”
His research used data from the Project Star study in Tennessee that analyzed the effects of class size on more than 11,000 students in primary and middle school. He found that students who had been in small classes from kindergarten through third grade had actually higher test scores in grades four through eight than students who been in larger classes early on.
Students from all achievement levels benefited from small classes, the research found. “But low-achievers benefited the most, which narrowed the achievement gap with high –achievers in science, reading and math, ” he said.
Although the study didn’t consider classroom practices, he said the reason for the narrowing gap is likely due to low-achieving students receiving more attention from teachers.
“This is especially important in poorer schools because teacher effectiveness matters more in schools with more disadvantaged and low-performing students, ” he said.
小題1:The professor argues about ________ .
A．the size of the classB．the period of the class
C．the attention from teachersD．the achievements of students
小題2:The result of the research shows that _________.
A．small classes for one year in early grade are enough
B．continuous small classes help students achieve more
C．it’s best to attend small classes in kindergarten
D．small classes do equal good to students of all levels
小題3:What can we infer from the passage?
A．High achievers will not benefit from small classes.
B．Continuous small classes have not been widely accepted.
C．Low-achievers should be separated from high-achievers.
D．Teachers’ attention matters less than classroom practices.
小題4:The underlined word “This” in the last paragraph refers to _______.
A．the gap between low and high achieversB．continuous small classes
C．classroom practices in later gradesD．the Project Star Sturdy

小題1:A
小題2:B
小題3:B
小題4:B

小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：is the first to examine the effects of class size over a period and for all levels of students. 可知這個(gè)教授是對(duì)班級(jí)的人數(shù)進(jìn)行辯論。選A
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第三段的句子：the best plan is to provide continuous small classes(13 to 17 students) for at least several years starting in kindergarten or first grade.可知研究的結(jié)果是連續(xù)的小班可以讓學(xué)生取得更多的成就。選B。
小題3:推理題：從倒數(shù)第二段的句子：Although the study didn’t consider classroom practices, 研究還沒(méi)有在班級(jí)實(shí)施，可知還沒(méi)被廣泛接受。選B
小題4:猜詞題：這篇文章講的是連續(xù)的小班化，可知這里指：連續(xù)的小班化在差的學(xué)校很重要。選B
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空

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The subject of what separates art and design has been debated for a long time. Artists and designers both create visual works using a/an   1  knowledge background, but their reasons for doing so are   2  different. Some designers consider themselves artists, but few artists consider themselves   3 .
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小題2:
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空

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A．teachers　　B．writers　　C．readers　　　D．students
小題2:
A．found　　　B．soldC．printed　　　D．put
小題3:
A．depend on　B．work outC．look like　　D．a(chǎn)ct as
小題4:
A．it　　B．themC．children　　D．young people
小題5:
A．understand　B．think　　　C．believe　　D．know
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A．more importantB．still worseC．even betterD．very good
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A．writers　　　B．teachersC．parents　　　D．readers
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Tired of telling students to ask questions and to think about what they were doing, Damien Hynes, a high school geography teacher in Australia, decided to do an experiment to test what he had long been thinking．He wrote some well-organized nonsense （something untrue） on the blackboard．The students simply copied it but very few asked any questions．This shows that students are willing to believe anything given by teachers．The story is repeated in support of the Project for Enhancing Effective Learning （PEEL）．
PEEL was carried out by some teachers and researchers in Melbourne who had concluded that normal teaching methods seldom achieve their intended goals; what the teachers think they are teaching is one thing and what the students actually learn is something else．Students’ lack of an over-all view of learning goals and their concentration on test scores make them see each lesson as a separate activity．
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Clearly what was needed was to make students understand their learning process（過(guò)程）, and this is what the PEEL teachers set out to deal with．On the surface,（表面） a class being taught by PEEL methods only differs from an ordinary class in being a little noisier, because more people are talking．But there are some meaningful changes．Students are given much more time to express their views, and teachers don’t make immediate judgment．The students are allowed to guide what is done in class and their own ideas are always respected．This draws their attention to the actual learning process, and they become responsible for their own progress．
小題1:The aim of Hynes’ experiment was to ______．
A．show that students didn’t think about what they learnt
B．prove the effectiveness of the project known as PEEL
C．test students’ general knowledge about geography
D．encourage students to ask more questions in class
小題2:Why did some teachers and researchers carry out PEEL?
A．To ensure teachers do scientific work．
B．To help students get higher test scores．
C．To find the differences between what is taught and learnt．
D．To help normal teaching methods achieve their goals．
小題3:An important difference between PEEL and non-PEEL classes is that in the PEEL classes ______．
A．the teacher does not give the usual scientific explanations
B．students always have their own knowledge of the subject
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A．He is a teacher who teaches geography in a high school in Australia
B．He is a geography teacher and a researcher in Australia
C．He is a teacher teaching geography in a high school in Austria
D．He is a high school geography teacher in Austria．

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

“Football is a very short-term career. Football really prepares you for almost nothing. The only thing I got out of football was the ability to work hard.” says Gales Sayers. So what do you do after your glory days on the field are over? Here’s what one of the top players, Gales Sayers did after he put down the pigskin.
Gales Sayers: #40, Chicago Bears, Running Back.  
Gales Sayers became famous in 1965. After recovering from a serious knee injury in 1968, Sayers returned to the Bears in 1969 and was awarded the George Halas Award as “the most courageous player in professional football.” At the award ceremony, he owed his prize to his friend and teammate Brian Piccolo, who was dying of cancer.
Sayers couldn’t get away from the injuries, though, and another blow to his knee put an end to his football career in 1971. His personal life was unfortunate as well, as he and his wife, Linda, split up that year. Shortly after that, Sayers started a new life and career as an assistant athletic director in the University of Kansas. By 1976 he was moving up the ladder at Southern Illinois University, becoming the first African-American athletic director at a major university.
Sayers started a computer supplies company in 1984 with his second wife, Ardie, whom he married in 1973. The couple was looking for a field with a future, and computers seemed to have it all. Seventeen years later, the company that bears his name is a national provider of technology solutions, with 10 locations and over 350 employees across the country. Just like in the old days the honors started rolling in. Sayers was listed into the Chicago Area Entrepreneurship(企業(yè)家) Hall of Fame in 1999.
小題1:What does the underlined sentence “he put down the pigskin” mean?
A. Sayers ended his football career.              
B. Sayers was too tired to go on playing.
C. Sayers intended to start a new career.            
D. Sayers only wanted to rest for some time.
小題2: How many times was Sayers honored in his life?
A．Only once as a football star.
B．Only once as a businessman.
C．Twice in all.
D．We are not quite sure.
小題3: Sayers started his new career mainly because of _______ .
A．the first knee injury in l 968
B．his unfortunate personal life
C．a(chǎn)nother more serious knee injury
D．a(chǎn) friend’s being deadly ill
小題4:What can be learned from this passage?
A．Football players are not successful all the time.
B．A successful businessman should be a ball player first.
C．A retired football player can easily make money.
D．Whatever you do, working hard is the most important.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Just like the young character in Hannah Montana, who so often fights with her father over her desire to be more independent, British teenagers also have their troubles.
A recent survey among 2,000 British parents shows that girls and boys experience similar kinds of stress, with some slight differences .
Girls want to grow up fast, demanding greater freedom. They feel pressure from their peers to be thin and sometimes dangerously experiment with alcohol .
Girls over 14 are more concerned with getting a boyfriend, make-up and going out with friends than with their schoolwork. They are more likely to complain about pocket money .
Parents found they have their toughest time with boys over the age of 15. Their sons are battling bad skin, are reluctant(不情愿的) to speak, and just like girls over 14 are little interested in their studies. Seven out of ten parents said their sons become frustrated(挫敗的) when they are not understood .
Unsurprisingly, it isn’t just British teenagers who have such problems.
In a survey published in the US last month, two out of three high school students said their life was tough. There was a universal worry over body image and ability to fit in socially.
Plenty of the teenagers feel great pressures to get good grades, with nearly half regarding this as their top worry. The next biggest issue is pressure they face to get into good college. According to the survey, 66 percent reported saving their money to pay for all or part of college.
“Today’s American teens have witnessed what their families have endured during recent economic challenges, and they are much more aware of the importance of planning ahead,” said Stuart Rubinstein, managing director with TD Ameritrade, which carried out the survey.
小題1:What is the article mainly about?
A．What makes the lives of teenagers so hard?
B．How to deal with teen problems?
C．Stress faced by UK and US teenagers.
D．Peer pressure faced by UK and US teenagers.
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A．grow up fastB．experiment with alcohol
C．get into a good collegeD．be more open and communicative
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A．globalB．commonC．a(chǎn)verageD．reasonable
小題4:How have recent economic challenges affected American teens?
A．They have become more concerned about their future.
B．They are now more worried about the ability to fit in socially.
C．They are attempting to learn more about money management.
D．They are spending more time developing their practical skills.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

What does fizz (氣泡) taste like? In Bubbly (多泡的)drinks such as sodas, tiny bubbles give the drink a lift--- and have a distinct taste, In a new study on mice, scientists have connected that fizzy-taste feeling to the ability to taste sourness, such as that of oranges or vinegar.
Scientists first thought the taste of bubbles came from the bubbles bursting on the tongue, but now ate starting to think differently. Charles Zuker, of Columbia University, and his team studied the nervous system of mice to understand how the tongue tastes carbon dioxide, which is the gas that makes up the bubbles.
Animals, including human beings, are able to detect different tastes by using taste buds(味蕾) which pick up tastes in the mouth, and then send them to the brain. In the experiment, different groups of mice were genetically engineered to be missing one of the senses involved in taste. “Genetically engineered” means the researchers were able to turn off the switches for certain senses by changing the genes responsible for taste. The mice in one group could not taste sweet; another, sour; the third, bitter, and the fourth, salt. When the scientists gave carbon dioxide to the mice, the nervous systems of all the mice responded to the gas, except those of the mice that could not taste sour.
This shows that the taste of the bubbles must be sour, and that by turning off the ability of the mice to taste sour, the scientists also turned off their ability to taste carbon dioxide. When they studied the cells that detect sourness, the researchers found a protein attached to the cells that is important to the process of tasting carbon dioxide. When carbon dioxide comes into contact with this protein, the protein knocks off particles called protons. These protons(質(zhì)子), in turn, travel to the brain, which says ,” Hey! That’s a taste!”
It may seem like a lot of work to get from a can of soda to a taste, but the science of the senses is anything but simple, “  Taste is a challenging system to study,” one researcher says.
小題1: What is the most important function of the bubbles?
A．To look interesting . B．To make drinks taste good.
C．To make drinks funny. D．To produce a lot of fizz.
小題2:From the experiment the researchers learned that______.
A．sourness has nothing to do with the taste of bubbles.
B．there is a connection between sourness and bubbles.
C．the taste of bubbles is better if it’s less sour.
D．most mice cannot taste carbon dioxide.
小題3: It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A．the taste of bubbles is produced by the bubbles bursting on the tongue.
B．the nervous systems of mice show how the tongue tastes carbon dioxide.
C．taste seems simple but is very complex to research.
D．nerve cells sending signals to the brain is the first step in tasting something.
小題4: Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Nervous Systems Understand How the Tongue Tastes.
B．The Process of Taste
C．The taste of Bubbles.
D．Different Animals Detect Different Tastes.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Are you ready to do your bit to stop global warming? On Saturday, March 29, you will have a chance-to tell Toronto and the entire world that you are devoted to doing your part.
You can do it by turning off your lights during Earth Hour, from 8 p.m. to 9 p.m. Started last year by the World Wildlife Fund in Sydney, Australia, Earth Hour this year is going international, with 17 cities signed up so far, including Toronto.
The challenge for us Torontonians will be to show we are as devoted to fighting global warming as Sydneysiders were last year. Of course, one hour of darkness isn't going to stop global warming. But the thinking behind Earth Hour is that it gets people personally involved(加入). Besides giving people a chance to show their concerns over climate change, the goal is to get them to start changing their wasteful habits. Did you know, for example, that your electronic devices(設(shè)備) that you think you've turned off are still drawing power if you leave them plugged in?
If you want to make a difference, sign up today and promise to turn off your lights when Earth Hour arrives on March 29. Persuade others to do their part. Start to think about changes that can be made in your home and your workplace that will cut down on waste and greenhouse gas.
小題1:What can be the best title for the passage?
A．A Chance to Help Save the EarthB．A Chance to Help Prevent Pollution
C．An Hour to Fight Against Bad HabitsD．An Hour to Keep Climate Unchanged
小題2:The passage mainly calls on people of    to join in the March 29th activity.
A．SydneyB．TorontoC．the worldD．the 17 cities
小題3:The Earth Hour movement mainly aims to get people to   to save our earth.
A．sense the dangerB．make a promise
C．perform their dutiesD．show their value
小題4:Which is implied（暗示） in the passage that should not happen in our daily life?
 
英語(yǔ)試題

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