閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從1—15各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
The subject of what separates art and design has been debated for a long time. Artists and designers both create visual works using a/an   1  knowledge background, but their reasons for doing so are   2  different. Some designers consider themselves artists, but few artists consider themselves   3 .
So what exactly is the difference between art and design? Perhaps the most fundamental difference that we can all agree on is their   4 . Typically, the process of creating a work of art starts with nothing, a blank sheet of paper. A   5  of art is born from a view or value that the artist holds within himself or herself. They create the art to share that feeling with others, to   6 
the viewers to relate to it, learn from it or be   7  by it. The most renowned and successful art today is something that establishes the strongest   8  connection between the artist and their
  9 .
By contrast, when a designer sets out to   10  a new piece, they almost always have a
  11  starting point, whether a message, an image, an idea or an action. The designer’s job isn’t to invent something   12 , but to communicate something that already exists, for a purpose. That purpose is almost always to motivate the audience to do something: buy a product, use a
  13 , visit a location, or learn certain information. The most   14  designs are those that most effectively   15  their message and motivate their consumers to carry out a task.
小題1:
A．uniqueB．separateC．sharedD．a(chǎn)ccepted
小題2:
A．entirelyB．occasionallyC．hardlyD．unnecessarily
小題3:
A．inventorsB．designersC．writersD．viewers
小題4:
A．purpose B．productC．interestD．cost
小題5:
A．loveB．typeC．partD．work
小題6:
A．stopB．a(chǎn)llowC．requireD．move
小題7:
A．understoodB．fooledC．inspiredD．discouraged
小題8:
A．politicalB．socialC．physicalD．emotional
小題9:
A．supportersB．a(chǎn)udiencesC．buyersD．enemies
小題10:
A．sellB．imagineC．createD．draw
小題11:
A．fixedB．goodC．strangeD．positive
小題12:
A．surprisingB．specialC．creativeD．new
小題13:
A．phoneB．serviceC．languageD．name
小題14:
A．importantB．creativeC．successfulD．unusual
小題15:
A．learnB．receiveC．confuseD．communicate

小題1:C
小題1:A
小題1:B
小題1:A
小題1:D
小題1:B
小題1:C
小題1:D
小題1:B
小題1:C
小題1:A
小題1:D
小題1:B
小題1:C
小題1:D

【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要介紹了藝術(shù)家的設(shè)計(jì)作品和設(shè)計(jì)師設(shè)計(jì)作品的不同目的。
小題1:C。shared knowledge background意思是“共享的(共有的)背景知識(shí)”，shared意思是“共享的(共有的)”，符合語境。即藝術(shù)家和設(shè)計(jì)師利用共有的一些背景知識(shí)去創(chuàng)造一些文學(xué)作品。
小題1:A。根據(jù)后面的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but以及第一段最后一句話可知，他們雖然利用共有的一些背景知識(shí)去創(chuàng)作，但他們這樣做的原因卻完全(entirely)不同。occasionally意思是“偶爾地”；hardly意思是“幾乎不”；unnecessarily意思是“不必要地”。
小題1:B。有些設(shè)計(jì)師認(rèn)為自己是藝術(shù)家，但很少有藝術(shù)家認(rèn)為自己是設(shè)計(jì)師。因此B項(xiàng)正確。
小題1:A。文章接下來的兩段內(nèi)容闡述的是藝術(shù)和設(shè)計(jì)的目的不同，因此A項(xiàng)(purpose)正確。
小題1:D。work在這里的意思是“作品”，即一項(xiàng)藝術(shù)作品。
小題1:B。A項(xiàng)表示“阻止”；B項(xiàng)表示“允許”；C項(xiàng)表示“要求”；D項(xiàng)表示“移動(dòng)”。根據(jù)上下文可知，這句話的意思是：藝術(shù)家創(chuàng)作一件藝術(shù)作品的目的是要和別人分享自己的某種情感，允許(讓)觀眾和作品產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系(互動(dòng))，并從中學(xué)到東西或者受到鼓舞。因此本題選擇B項(xiàng)。
小題1:C。inspire表示“鼓舞”，符合語境，即藝術(shù)家希望通過自己的作品讓欣賞他們作品的人受到鼓舞。
小題1:D。emotional意思是“情感上的”，與前面一句話中的feeling相對應(yīng)，符合語境。當(dāng)今最著名、最成功的藝術(shù)作品是那種能夠在藝術(shù)家和欣賞他們作品的人之間建立一種最強(qiáng)烈的情感上的聯(lián)系的作品。
小題1:B。audience在文中的意思是“讀者”，即指欣賞藝術(shù)作品的人們，符合語境。
小題1:C。當(dāng)一名設(shè)計(jì)師開始創(chuàng)作(create)一件作品時(shí)。
小題1:A。上文提到，藝術(shù)家在創(chuàng)作作品時(shí)，通常沒有什么固定的起點(diǎn)(即第5小題前面說的starts with nothing)，而本段說設(shè)計(jì)師設(shè)計(jì)作品時(shí)與藝術(shù)家不同，他們有一個(gè)固定的(fixed)起點(diǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)。
小題1:D。聯(lián)系上下文可知設(shè)計(jì)師的工作不是創(chuàng)造出一種全新的東西，而是與已經(jīng)存在的某些東西有關(guān)。因此D項(xiàng)正確。
小題1:B。根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)容可知，A、C、D三項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容毫無關(guān)聯(lián)，只有B項(xiàng)合理，即有時(shí)候設(shè)計(jì)師設(shè)計(jì)的目的是介紹某種服務(wù)。
小題1:C。important意思是“重要的”；creative意思是“有創(chuàng)造力的”；successful意思是“成功的”；unusual意思是“不同尋常的”。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，顯然只有C項(xiàng)符合題意，即最成功的設(shè)計(jì)。
小題1:D。根據(jù)上文第12題后面的communicate可知D項(xiàng)“傳達(dá)”正確。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There is no doubt that much of the profit of a business—sometimes the whole of its success—depends upon the use of the odds and ends．The odds and ends are various small things，which are left over when the main things are produced．But they possess a real value of their own．
If a business，big or small，looked down upon these odds and ends，it would mean a big difference in the amount of the benefit of the business．Take a meat factory for instance， there are countless odds and ends—bones and hair，which can be made into glue and rope to increase its profit greatly．
Then，if we are college students，what about our odds and ends—the odd moments？ Take time for example．Every one of us has the exact same amount of it．Everyone’s success or failure depends on the use of their time．But everyone uses the time more or less in the same way．However，why many great men in science or art have made huge successes for themselves in the world？Because they have made best use of their odd moments．Take Thomas A．Edison， he never allowed his odd moments to slip by．He thought，planned，and tried his inventions．He always worked twenty hours out of each twenty-four．His inventions made him famous all over the world，and provided valuable wealth for the human beings．
So, remember this axiom：very busy people always find time for everything．However，people with great spare time find time for nothing．Is it very strange？Not at all！The question is how to gather up fragments of time and make full use of them．As many big businesses have found，that the real profit is in using the odds and ends．We also must do in this way to make best use of our odd moments and manage to be successful in something that we do．
小題1: What are odds and ends？
A．They are nothing useful．
B．They are various small，but valuable things．
C．They are the main things that factories produce．
D．They are odd moments students deny to gather up．
小題2: Why should the odds and ends be made full use of ？Because  ____   ．
A．lots of factors in success or in failure depend on the best use of odds and ends
B．they control to possess a value of their own
C．they are various small things people don’t want
D．they are useless things left over when the main things are produced
小題3:What does the word “Axiom” in the fourth paragraph mean?
A．clear and evident without proof
B．statement accepted as true without proof of argument
C．statement that can be argued
D．regulation accepted in scientific usage
小題4: “Fragments of time” equals  “____   ”in the above passage．
A．the odds and endsB．immense leisure
C．the main thingsD．the odd moments

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
Just listen
I think  the most basic and powerful way to connect to another person is to listen. Just listen. Perhaps the most important thing we ever give each other is our  16 ，and especially if it’s given from the  17 ．When people are talking，there’s no need to do anything but  18    them．Just take them  19 ．Listen to what they’re saying．Care about it．Most times caring about it is even more important than  20  it．
One of my patients told me that when she  21  to tell her story，people often  22  to tell her that they had once had something just like what happened to her．Her pain became a story about themselves．  23  she stopped talking to most people．It was just too  24 ．We connect through listening．When we interrupt what someone is saying to let them know that we understand，we move the  25  of attention to ourselves．But when we listen，they know we care．
I have ever learned to  26  to someone crying by just listening．in the old days I used to reach for the tissues （紙巾）  27  I realized that passing a person a tissue may be just another way to shut them  28 ，to take them out of their   29  of sadness and pain. Now I just listen．When they have cried all they need to cry, they find me there  30   them．
This  31  thing has not been that easy to learn．It certainly went against everything I had been   32  since I was very young at school．I thought people listened only because they were too  33  to speak or did not know the answer．A loving silence often has far more   34   to connect than the most well-intentioned  35 ．
小題1:
A．introductionB．instructionC．a(chǎn)ttentionD．relaxation
小題2:
A．headB．memoryC．mindD．heart
小題3:
A．talk toB．listen toC．object toD．stick to
小題4:
A．inB．upC．offD．a(chǎn)way
小題5:
A．denyingB．rememberingC．questioningD．understanding
小題6:
A．managedB．triedC．hopedD．expected
小題7:
A．encouragedB．interruptedC．discouragedD．urged
小題8:
A．EventuallyB．Immediately C．CompletelyD．Especially
小題9:
A．impoliteB．meaninglessC．lonelyD．selfish
小題10:
A．middleB．focusC．centerD．choice
小題11:
A．respondB．compareC．linkD．regret
小題12:
A．unlessB．ifC．untilD．when
小題13:
A．downB．a(chǎn)wayC．inD．off
小題14:
A．experimentB．mixtureC．judgmentD．experience
小題15:
A．withB．a(chǎn)gainstC．forD．a(chǎn)mong
小題16:
A．complexB．simpleC．complicatedD．single
小題17:
A．mentionedB．publishedC．taughtD．proved
小題18:
A．shyB．greedyC．a(chǎn)ctiveD．proud
小題19:
A．strengthB．energyC．powerD．force
小題20:
A．gesturesB．praiseC．criticismD．words

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Researchers who study relationships have discovered that a big difference between those who make new friends easily, and those who don’t, is that socially successful people tend to make eye contact with their conversation partners much more frequently than those who are less successful socially. In fact, you may be able to become much more socially successful by making this one simple change to your behavior.
Most Americans prefer to have a lot of eye contact when they are talking with someone. When a person doesn’t make eye contact with them, they tend to think that the person is hiding something or the person doesn’t believe in himself/herself.
When you are having a conversation and you want to leave a friendly impression, be sure to keep looking at that person frequently while you are talking. If it really bothers you to look directly into another person’s eyes, you can gaze generally at, not above, the eyebrow area or the bridge of the nose; this is close enough to the eye region that you will appear to be looking at the person’s eyes. But neither the hair or the shoulders have the same effect. Don’t stare at other people too intensely, otherwise, you will look aggressive(攻擊性).
Keep the majority of your focus on the other person. If you glance around the room too much, or look too frequently at other people, your conversation partner may guess that you are looking around for someone else you would rather talk with.
You can lighten your nervousness by smiling more often, nodding, and by gazing at the entire face as well as the eyes. In addition, you can frequently look away for very short periods.
When people get the sense that you are really paying attention to them, they will be much more likely to want to have conversations with you!
小題1:Which of the following is NOT the impression left by those who don’t make eye contact during the talk?
A．They are not telling the truth.B．They are bored with the partner.
C．They are lacking in confidenceD．They are angry and ready to attack.
小題2: Besides the eyes of the partner, during the talk, you can look at his/her ___________.
A．hairB．shouldersC．the bridge of the noseD．a(chǎn)rea above the eyebrows
小題3: From the passage, we can learn that ____________________.
A．looking away during conversation should always be avoided.
B．looking at a person frequently can give him/her a good impression.
C．many Americans feel like being stared at for a long time.
D．a(chǎn)ll successful people are good at making eye contact.
小題4:What would be the best title for the passage?
A．How to make yourself socially successful
B．How to use eye contact to make a good impression
C．How to make friends with the people around you
D．How to leave a good impression during a talk

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have ever taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority (優(yōu)先) it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities (復(fù)雜性) of spelling.
If spelling becomes the only focal (焦點(diǎn)的) point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That’s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.
I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is terrible.” It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation (動(dòng)機(jī)) to seek improvement.
小題1:Teachers are different in their opinions about _________.
A．the difficulties in teaching spelling
B．the role of spelling in general language development
C．the complexities of the basic writing skills
D．the necessity of teaching spelling
小題2: The underlined expression “play safe” probably means ________.
A．to write carefullyB．to do as teachers say
C．to use dictionaries frequentlyD．to avoid using words one is not sure of
小題3:Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that ____________.
A．students will be able to express their ideas more freely
B．students will have more confidence in writing
C．students will have less trouble in correcting mistakes
D．students will learn to be independent of teachers
小題4:The author seems to think that the teacher’s judgment on that sensitive piece of writing is __________.
A．unfairB．reasonableC．foolishD．careless
小題5:The major point discussed in the passage is ___________.
A．the importance of developing writing skills
B．the complexities of spelling
C．the correct way of marking compositions
D．the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill-the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing．It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child: This might happen at any stage．A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads．On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself．
Patents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children．Some may be especially strict in money matters．Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals．In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness．
As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching．To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality．Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”．If they are not sincere and do not practice what they teach, their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled．
A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment．
小題1:Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills _________．
A．should be avoided
B．is universal among parents
C．sets up dangerous states of worry in the child
D．will make him lose interest in learning new things
小題2:In the process of children’s learning new skills, parents ______．
A．should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read
B．should not expect too much of them
C．should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own
D．should create as many learning opportunities as possible
小題3:The second paragraph mainly tells us that __________．
A．parents should be strict with their children
B．parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the community
C．parental restrictions vary, and are not always intended for the benefit of the children alone
D．parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation
小題4:In moral matters, parents should __________．
A．observe the rules themselves
B．be aware of the marked difference between adults and children
C．forbid things which have no foundation in morality
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Providing small classes for at least several grades starting in early primary school gives students the best chance to succeed in late grades, according to groundbreaking new research from a Michigan State University scholar.
The research by Spyros Konstantopoulos, a professor of education, is the first to examine the effects of class size over a period and for all levels of students. The study appears in the American Journal of Education.
He is also a member of a group for the Department of Education’s Instiute of Education Sciences that will give official advice on class size to the states. He said the advice will mirror his research: the best plan is to provide continuous small classes(13 to 17 students) for at least several years starting in kindergarten or first grade.
“For a logn time states thought they could just do it in kindergarten or first grade for one year and get the benefits,” He said. “I don’t believe that. I think you need at least a few years in a row where all students, and especially low-achievers, receive the treatment, and then you see the benefits later.”
His research used data from the Project Star study in Tennessee that analyzed the effects of class size on more than 11,000 students in primary and middle school. He found that students who had been in small classes from kindergarten through third grade had actually higher test scores in grades four through eight than students who been in larger classes early on.
Students from all achievement levels benefited from small classes, the research found. “But low-achievers benefited the most, which narrowed the achievement gap with high –achievers in science, reading and math, ” he said.
Although the study didn’t consider classroom practices, he said the reason for the narrowing gap is likely due to low-achieving students receiving more attention from teachers.
“This is especially important in poorer schools because teacher effectiveness matters more in schools with more disadvantaged and low-performing students, ” he said.
小題1:The professor argues about ________ .
A．the size of the classB．the period of the class
C．the attention from teachersD．the achievements of students
小題2:The result of the research shows that _________.
A．small classes for one year in early grade are enough
B．continuous small classes help students achieve more
C．it’s best to attend small classes in kindergarten
D．small classes do equal good to students of all levels
小題3:What can we infer from the passage?
A．High achievers will not benefit from small classes.
B．Continuous small classes have not been widely accepted.
C．Low-achievers should be separated from high-achievers.
D．Teachers’ attention matters less than classroom practices.
小題4:The underlined word “This” in the last paragraph refers to _______.
A．the gap between low and high achieversB．continuous small classes
C．classroom practices in later gradesD．the Project Star Sturdy

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The saying that children don’t like reading any more has been proved untrue. A new study finds that 75 percent of kids between five and 17 say that although they love technology, they still want to read books．
The Kids & Family Reading Report also says that 62 percent of kids prefer reading printed books rather than those on a computer．At the same time, those who search an author’s website or use the Internet to find books by a particular author, are more likely to read books for fun every day．
The study also once again proves that the time kids spend reading books for fun decreases after the age of eight and continues to drop through the teen years．The report is a follow-up to a 2006 study．But this time the focus is on the role of technology and when kids’ interest in reading starts to drop．
“Despite the fact that after the age of eight more children go online daily than read for fun daily, high frequency Internet users are more likely to read books for fun every day,” says Heather Carter, a writer of the report．
One in four kids between five and 17 say they read books for fun every day and more than half of kids say they read books for fun at least two to three times a week．One of the key reasons kids say they don’t read more often is that they have trouble finding books they like - a requirement that parents underestimate(低估)．
The study also finds that parents have a strong influence on kids’ reading, but only about half of all parents begin reading to their kids before their first birthday．The percent of children who are read to every day drops from 38 percent among five-to eight-year-olds to 23 percent among nine-to 11-year-olds - exactly the same time that kids’ daily reading for fun starts to drop．
“Parents’ engagement in their child’s reading from birth all the way through the teen years can have a great influence on how often their children read and how much they enjoy reading,” adds Carter．
小題1:What can we learn from the text?
A．Children don’t like reading any more after the age of 8.
B．Most children like reading as well as going online.
C．All kids like reading e – books instead of printed ones.
D．Most children like going online instead of reading.
小題2:It can be inferred from the passage that        .
A．the study of kids’ reading has been made before
B．most parents begin reading to their kids from their birth
C．a(chǎn)ll kids like to get information using the Internet
D．nowadays all children still like to read books
小題3:Which of the following is true according to the text?
A．The kids who often go online don’t like reading books.
B．Parents should teach their kids reading from an early age.
C．Sometimes it is difficult for kids to get the books they like.
D．When kids get older, parents spend more time with them.
小題4:According to the text,        contributes a lot to children’s interest in reading.
A．the InternetB．parents’ engagement
C．short supply of booksD．new technology
小題5:What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Do kids still like reading?B．Kids’ interest in reading drops
C．New technology on kids’ readingD．Parents’ influence on kids’ reading

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

You’re lost in the world of dreams and sleep. You roll over, smiling as you come across a swimming pool filled with chocolate. And then, your wonderful dream becomes a nightmare when someone is screaming, “Get up!” It’s just what every teenager goes through each morning!
Now, there seems to be one school that finally understands that requiring teens to show up at 9 am is not just cruel but also harmful to both the kids and the school.
The Monkseaton High School in North Tyneside, Britain, recently decided to experiment to see if there is any difference in student behavior if they just pushed back the start of their day by one hour, from 9 am to 10 am. And the results are surprising.
Since carrying out the later start, Monkseaton has seen a 28% drop in truancy, even hardly any lateness, and best of all, higher test scores. One of the reasons is that the teenagers are much happier to have the extra hour of sleep, but there is also a scientific reason behind why they need the extra sleep.
The school’s decision to push back the time was based on the research done by Oxford Professor Russell Foster, who pointed out that teenagers and adults have different sleep cycles, explaining why teenagers go to bed late and wake up late.
While adults are wide awake and ready at 8 am, teenagers are not fully awake until 10 am, sometimes even noon. Teachers may argue that their students perform better in the morning, but in fact, it is because they are in the zone while their students are still sleepy, making the students easier to control. Memory tests prove that the more difficult classes should be in the afternoon when teenagers are most wide awake.
The Monkseaton school officials are encouraged by the results and plan on voting to make it a permanent change.
小題1:What’s the best title of this passage?
A．Get up early, teenagers!
B．Finally, a school understands teenagers.
C．Why do teenagers stay up late?
D．Difference between teens and adults.
小題2:What’s the meaning of the underlined word “truancy”?
A．gradesB．subject sC．a(chǎn)bsenceD．classes
小題3:What can we learn from the passage?
A．Teenagers and adults have the same sleep cycle.
B．Teenagers are fully awake at 10 am.
C．Teenagers are much happier to sleep than study.
D．Teenagers need the extra sleep also for a scientific reason.
小題4:Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．The Monkseaton school is satisfied with the result of experiments.
B．It is cruel for the teenagers to show up at 9 am.
C．The Monkseaton school plans to change the school time forever.
D．Teenagers perform better in the morning than in the afternoon.

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