考點1、行為動詞

行為動詞可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞，及物動詞后面跟賓語意思才完整，不及物動詞后面不跟賓語意思也完整，但很多動詞既可作及物動詞，又可作不及物動詞。

He studies English well.

He studies hard.

Father often reads newspapers after supper.

When I came in ,he was reading .

考點2、連系動詞

連系動詞本 身具有一定意義，表示某人或某事物的狀態(tài)或特征。連系動詞不能單獨做謂語，其后可接名詞、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語作表語。

She looked tired,but she soon felt better.

He always seems very quiet,but sometimes he makes trouble.

She looks like her sister.

Keep quiet.

連系動詞

詞  義

示     例

be

是

It is sunny today.

become

成為  變得

The boy became interested in science.

get

變得

The days get longer.

turn

變得

The trees turn green in spring.

grow

成長，變得

The world population is growing faster and faster

keep

保持

You must look after yourself and keep healthy.

seem

似乎，好象

She seems much better now.

feel

感到，摸起來

She feels terrible now.

look

看起來

The flower looks very beautiful.

smell

聞起來

The fish smells nice.

sound

聽起來

The song sounds wonderful

taste

嘗起來

The cake tastes good.

注意

含連系動詞（除be外）的句子變疑問句時一定要借助do , does , did

考點3、助動詞

助動詞本身沒有次詞義，不能單獨做謂語，只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞，表示否定、疑問、時態(tài)、語態(tài)等語法形式，或用來加強語氣。常用的助動詞有be(am/is/are/,was,were),  do/does/did ,  have/has/had ,shall / will,

would/should等.

助動詞

用    法

示     例

Be(am/is/are/was/were)

助動詞be+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成進行時態(tài)

We’re having an English lesson.

She was writing when I left.

助動詞be+過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)

English is spoken by many people.

This factory was opened in 2002.

do/does/did

構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的疑問句和否定句

Do you often get up early?

He didn’t go to school yesterday.

構(gòu)成否定的祈使句（do）

Don’t play football in the street.

have/has/had

跟動詞的過去分詞一起構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)

He has gong to America.

She said she had kept the book for two weeks.

will/shall

跟動詞的原形一起構(gòu)成一般將來時

What shall we do tomorrow?

I’ll go fishing next Sunday.

would/should

跟動詞的原形一起構(gòu)成過去將來時

I didn’t know if she would come.

I wondered if I should go

考點4、情態(tài)動詞

情態(tài)動詞表示說話人的某種感情或語氣，對某一動作或狀態(tài)的某種態(tài)度，認(rèn)為可能、應(yīng)當(dāng)、必要等。情態(tài)動詞有自己的詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，必須加動詞原形構(gòu)成合成謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。常見的情態(tài)動詞有：can/could,may/might, must ,need ,should ,used to,had better等。

1.can/could的用法

（1）.表示能力

Can you drive a car ?No,I can’t .

She can speak English and French.

He could swim when he was five.

（2）.表示許可或請求許可，could比can語氣更委婉客氣，而且could并不是can的過去時，could和can沒有時間上的差別。

Can I help you ?

Could you lend me your bike?

2.may和might的用法

（1）表示許可或請求許可，may=can, might=could

May/Can I come in ?Yes,you may/can.No,you mustn’t.

（2）may be和maybe

He may be at home.=Maybe he is at home.

3.must的用法

（1）    表示“必須”“應(yīng)該”

否定式“must not/mustn’t”表示“不應(yīng)該”“不準(zhǔn)”等。在回答帶有must的問句時，否定式常用needn’t或don’t have to ，而不用mustn’t。

The work must be finished as soon as possible.

You mustn’t speak like that.

Must I be home before eight o’clock?

Yes,you must.No,you needn’t./No,you don’t have to.

(2) must和 have to

must和have to都可以表示必須，但must表示說話人的主觀看法，have to表示客觀需要。must只有現(xiàn)在時，要表示過去時和將來時需要用had to和will have to .

I must go now.

I have to go now.

The room is dirty.I have to clean it now.

You don’t have to worry about that.

The students will have to know how to use the computer.

4.need的用法

（1）need作為情態(tài)動詞，表示“需要”、“必須”。主要用于疑問句和否定句中，較少用于肯定句。

You needn’t hurry.There’s a little time to go .

Need I come on Sunday ?Yes,I’m afraid you must. No,you needn’t

（2）need作為實義動詞既可用于否定句、疑問句、又可用于肯定句，其后可跟名詞、代詞、不定式；當(dāng)主語是物時，后跟動名詞，主動形式表被動意義。

We need some help.

I don’t need things like that.

You need to buy a computer.

Your shoes need cleaning.=Your shoes need to be cleaned.

Our classroom needs repairing.=Our classroom needs to be repaired

5．can , may表推測“可能”,must表推測“一定”“肯定”

(1)can表推測“可能”,只能用于疑問句中或否定句中。

Can it be true?    It can’t be true.

(2)may表推測“可能”主要用于肯定句中或否定句中。

You may be right.   He may be ill.

(3)must表推測“一定”“肯定”通常只用于肯定句中，在否定句或疑問句中用can代之。

The door is open.He must be at home.

It must be true.

注意：must表推測，用于反意疑問句時，該句助動詞不能用，而是根據(jù)其后動詞的形式來決定。

It must still be there,isn’t it?

He must have gone home,hasn’t he ?

6.should表示“應(yīng)當(dāng)”

We should help others when they are in trouble.

You shouldn’t eat too much rich food.

7．Used to和be/get used to

（1）used to過去常常（現(xiàn)在已不如此），to是不定式符號，后接動詞原形，構(gòu)成否定式和疑問式時可借助助動詞did或直接用used作助動詞。

He used to smoke.

He usedn’t/didn’t use to come

You used to go there,usedn’t /didn’t you ?

Did you use to be a teacher.?

（2）be used to“習(xí)慣于……”其中to是介詞，其后要接名詞或動名詞，不能接動詞原形。有時為強調(diào)從不習(xí)慣到習(xí)慣的過程，可用get used to

She is used to getting up early .

You’ll soon get used to the food here.

8．had better的用法

had better“最好”后只接動詞原形。其否定式應(yīng)在之后加not。

You had better have a rest.

You had better not talk in class.

        9.跟動詞+ing形式作賓語的動詞和動詞短語

動詞（短語）

短 語 形 式

釋     義

enjoy

enjoy doing sth.

喜歡做某事

finish

finish doing sth.

完成做某事

keep

keep(sb.)doing sth.

（讓某人）一直做某事

stop

stop doing sth.

停止做某事

go on

go on doing sth.

繼續(xù)做某事

be busy

be busy doing sth.

忙著做某事

like

like doing sth.

喜歡做某事

hear

hear sb. doing sth.

聽到某人正做某事

see

see sb. doing sth.

看見某人正做某事

find

find sb. doing sth

發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正做某事

watch

watch sb. doing sth.

觀看某人正做某事

spend

spend time/money (in) doing sth.

花費錢/時間做某事

go

go doing sth.

去做某事

10、用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞

動詞（短語）

短語形式

例   句

說   明

ask,decide,hope,want,agree

choose,wish,would like

+ to do sth.

Would you like to have some tea,please?

這些動詞后只能接動詞不定式作賓語

learn,hate,like,love,prefer

begin,start

+ to do sth.

(+doing sth.)

I like singing,but now I don’t like to sing.

這些動詞在接不定式或動詞-ing時，意義差別不大。

try,forget,remember,stop

go on

+ to do sth.

(+doing sth.)

Please remember to lock the door.

這些動詞在接不定式或動詞-ing時，意義差別很大。

help

+ to do sth.

(+do sth.)

Kate usually helps (to) do some housework at home on Sunday

help后的to可以省略，意義相同

need

+ to do sth.

(+doing sth.

You need to go home quickly.

Your shoes need mending

need后接動詞不定式時，表示主動意義；后接動詞的-ing形式時，表示被動意義。

ask,choose,decide,forget,

know,learn,see,show,teach

tell,understand,find out

疑問詞+ to do sth.

I don’t know how to answer this question.

疑問詞why沒有此用法，不定式的邏輯主語常為句中主語。

11．用動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞

動詞（短語）

短語形式

例   句

說   明

ask,order,send,teach,tell,

want,wish,would like

+ sb. to do sth.

I’d like your parents to come over to my home.

Do you want me to help you?

這些動詞后面只能接動詞不定式作賓語補足語。

believe,know,think

understand,feel

+ sb. to be

I believe the story to be true.

動詞不定式to be可以省略

類  別

單 詞

短 語 形 式

釋 義

感官動詞

hear

hear sb. do sth.

聽到某人做了某事

see

see sb. do sth.

看見某人做了某事

watch

watch sb. do sth.

觀看某人做了某事

find

find sb. do sth.

發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做了某事

feel

feel sb. do sth.

感覺某人做了某事

使役動詞

make

make sb. do sth.

使（讓）某人做某事

let

let sb. do sth.

讓某人做某事

其    他

help

help sb. do sth.

幫助某人做某事

12、非持/延續(xù)性（短暫性、終止性）動詞變?yōu)槌掷m(xù)性動詞的方法

非持續(xù)性動詞

持續(xù)性動詞

例     句

come/go

be at/in

I came here two days ago.

I have been here for two days.

arrive/reach

be

He arrived here yesterday.

He has been here for two days.

begin/start

be on

The film began five minutes ago.

The film has been on for five minutes.

borrow

keep

He borrowed the book last Sunday.

He has kept the book since last Sunday.

buy

have

My brother bought his book two days ago.

My brother has had his book for two days.

close

be closed

The shop closed three days ago.

The shop has been closed for three days.

die

be dead

His grandpa died two years ago.

His grandpa has been dead for two years.

get up

be up

He got up two hours ago.

He has been up for two hours.

join

be(in)

His brother joined the army in 1998.

His brother has been in the army since1998.

leave

be away from

His father left home last month.

His father has been away from home for two months

lose

not have

I lost my pen three days ago.

I haven’t had my pen for three days.

open

be open

The shop opened last month.

The shop has been open for two months.

put on

wear

I put on my glasses in 1991.

I have worn my glasses for 22 years.

go out

catch a cold

become

fall asleep

get to know

go to sleep

be out

have a cold

be

be asleep

know

sleep

13、雙賓語動詞

概 述

有些及物動詞可以接兩個賓語，直接賓語和間接賓語，前者常指物，表示動作的承受者或結(jié)果，后者常指人，表示動作的執(zhí)行者或?qū)ο蟆?/p>

結(jié) 構(gòu)

1．動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語

do+sb.+sth.

2．動詞+直接賓語+介詞（to/for）+間接賓語

do+sth.+to/for+sb.

說 明

1．當(dāng)直接賓語為人稱代詞時，用結(jié)構(gòu) 2

2．當(dāng)直接賓語比間接賓語短時，常用結(jié)構(gòu)2

3．當(dāng)強調(diào)間接賓語時，多用結(jié)構(gòu)2

4．在give,pass,show,hand,lend,return,sell,send,take,bring等動詞之后用to表示“給”，強調(diào)動作的對象。

5．在buy,get,make,choose,cook,do,find,sing等動詞之后用“for”表示“為；替”強調(diào)動作的目的。

14．短語動詞

類   別

特   點

用  法

示   例

動詞+副詞

相當(dāng)于及物動詞

必須接賓語，賓語位于副詞之前或之后，人稱代詞賓語必須放在副詞之前

put on ,try on ,turn on,write down,take off,turn off,turn up,turn down,send up, wake up

相當(dāng)于不及物動詞

不接賓語

look up,go on,get in,get up

動詞+介詞

相當(dāng)于及物動詞

必須接賓語，賓語位于介詞之后

fall off,get off,get on,call on,go over, operate on

動詞+副詞+介詞

相當(dāng)于及物動詞

必須接賓語，賓語一般位于介詞之后

go on with,keep up with

動詞+名詞+介詞

相當(dāng)于及物動詞

必須接賓語，賓語一般位于介詞之后

take care of,catch hold of