精英家教網 > 高中英語 > 題目詳情
How do you feel after you've stayed up late to finish schoolwork? Or the day after a slumber party? Scientists now say that your answers to these questions may depend on your genes.
Genes are stretches of DNA that work like an instruction manual for our cells. Genes tell our bodies and brains what to do. People have about 40,000 genes, and each gene can have different forms. So, for example, certain forms of some genes make your eyes blue. Other versions of those genes make your eyes brown.
In a similar way, new research suggests that a gene called period3 affects how well you function without sleep. The discovery adds to older evidence that period3 helps determine whether you like to stay up late or get up early.
The period3 gene comes in two forms: short and long. Everyone has two copies of the gene. So, you may have two longs, two shorts, or one of each. Your particular combination depends on what your parents passed on to you.
Scientists from the University of Surrey in England studied 24 people who had either two short or two long copies of period3. Study participants had to stay awake for 40 hours straight. Then, they took tests that measured how quickly they pushed a button when numbers flashed on a screen and how well they could remember lists of numbers.
Results showed that the people with the short form of period3 performed much better on these tests than the people with the long form did. In both groups, people performed worst in the early morning. That's the time when truck drivers and other night-shift workers say they have the most trouble concentrating.
After the first round of experiments, participants were finally allowed to sleep. People in the group that performed well on the tests took about 18 minutes to nod off.
People with the long period3 gene, by contrast, fell asleep in just 8 minutes. They also spent more time in deep sleep. That suggests that people with the long form of the gene need more and deeper sleep to keep their brains working at top form.
小題1:We can know from the passage that genes can not ________.
A．tell our bodies and brains what to do
B．make our eyes blue or brown
C．decide how well you work without sleep
D．ensure whether you’re good at driving
小題2:Which of the following statements about the period3 is wrong?
 
A．It affects whether you like to stay up late or get up early.
B．It comes in two forms: short and long.
C．One has either two longs or two shorts of it.
D．Your parents determine what particular combination you have.
小題3: People with the short form of period3__________.
 
A．need to go to bed early and get up early
B．can work better than the people with long form of period3 without sleep
C．take less time to fall asleep after they stay up late
D．need more and deeper sleep to keep their brains working at top form
小題4:What’s the best title of the passage?
A．The Period3 GeneB．The Function of Genes
C．Wake up, Sleepy GeneD．Stay up Late or Get up Early?

小題1:D
小題2:C
小題3:B
小題4:C
略
練習冊系列答案
相關習題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Students who say they never or hardly ever used dictionaries often speak English well but usually write poorly, because they make many mistakes.
The students who use dictionaries most do not learn especially well either. The ones who look up every new word do not read fast. Therefore they do not have time to read much. Those who use small two-language dictionaries have the worst problems. Their dictionaries often give only one or two words as translations of English. But one English word often has many translations in a foreign language and one foreign word has many translations in English.
The most successful students are those who use large college edition dictionaries with about 100,000 words but do not use them too often. When they are reading, these students first try to get the general idea and understand new words from the context. Then they reread and use the dictionary to look up only key words that they still do not understand. They use dictionaries more for writing. If they are not sure how to spell a word, or divide it into syllables (音節(jié)), they always use a dictionary. Also, if they think a noun might have an unusual plural form, they check these in a dictionary.
小題1: The writer thinks that        .
A．choose a good dictionary, and you’ll be successful in learning English
B．dictionaries are not necessary to the students who learn English
C．it is very important for students to use good dictionaries properly
D．using dictionaries very often can’t help to improve writing
小題2:According to the passage, which of the following is wrong?
A．Dictionaries have little effect on learning to speak English.
B．Whatever new words you meet while reading, never use dictionaries.
C．Small two-language dictionaries have serious defects (缺陷).
D．Reading something for the first time, you’d better not use dictionaries.
小題3:When in the reading does the writer advise students to use a good dictionary?
A．At the beginning of the reading
B．At the end of the reading
C．During the first reading
D．After the first reading
小題4:This passage mainly tells us        .
A．students shouldn’t use small two-language dictionaries
B．what were the defects of small two-language dictionaries
C．why students should use large college edition dictionaries
D．what dictionary students should choose and how to use it
小題5: Which is not mentioned in this passage?
A．How to make good use of a dictionary.
B．When to use a dictionary.
C．How to improve spoken English.
D．How to practise reading fast.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


If you look for a book as a present for a child. You will be spoiled for choice even in a year when there is no new Harry Patten J.K Rowling’s wizard is not alone: the past decade has been a harvest for good children’s books ,which has set off a large quantity of films and in turn led to increased sales of classics such as The Lord of the Rings.
Yet despite that ,reading is increasingly unpopular among children .According to statistics, in 1997 23% said they didn’t like reading at all . In 2003, 35% did . And around 6% of children leave primary school each year unable to read properly.
Maybe the decline is caused by the increasing availability of computer games. Maybe the books boom has affected only the top of the educational pile . Either way , Chancellor Cordon Brown plans to change things for the bottom of the class .In his pre-budget report , he announced the national project of Reading Recovery to help the children struggling most.
Reading Recovery is aimed at six-year-olds ,who receive four months of individual daily half-hour classes with a specially trained teacher . An evaluation earlier this year reported that children on the scheme made 20 months’ progress in just one year, whereas similarly weak readers without special help made just five months’ progress ,and so ended the year even further below the level expected for their age.
International research tends to find that when British children leave primary school they read well ,but read less often for fun than those elsewhere .Reading for fun matters because children who are keen on reading can expect lifelong pleasure and loving books is an excellent indicator of future educational success . According to the OECD, being a regular and enthusiastic reader is of great advantage.
46.Which of the following is true of Paragraph 1?
A.Many children’s books have been adapted from films.
B.Many high-quality children’s books have been published .
C.The sales of classics have led to the popularity of films.
D.The sales of presents for children have increased.
47.Statistics suggested that _______.
A.the number of top students increased with the use of computers
B.a decreasing number of  children showed interest in reading
C.a minority of primacy school children read properly
D.a large percentage of children read regularly
48.What do we know about Reading Recovery?
A.An evaluation of it will be made sometime this year.
B.Weak readers on the project were the most hardworking.
C.It aims to train special teachers to help children with reading.
D.Children on the project showed noticeable progress in reading.
49.Reading for fun is important because book-loving children _________.
A.take greater advantage of the project       B.show the potential to enjoy a long life
C.are likely to succeed in their education.    D.would make excellent future researchers
50.The aim of this text would probably be _________.
A.to overcome primary school pupils reading difficulty.
B.to encourage the publication of more children’s books
C.to remind children of the importance of reading for fun
D.to introduce a way to improve early childhood reading

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

To become a doctor in the United States, students usually attend four years of medical school after they complete college. Then these young doctors work in hospitals for several years to complete a training program called a residency(住院醫(yī)生實習期).
These medical residents provide hospitals with needed services in return for not much pay. They work under the supervision(管理) of medical professors and more experienced doctors. Medical residents treat patients . they carry out tests. They perform operations. They complete records. In hospitals with few nurses, residents also do work formerly done by nurses. Some medical residents work one-hundred or more hours in a single week. They often work for more than thirty-six hours at a time before they can rest.
Critics (批評家) of this system say medical residents work too long and do not get enough res. They say these young doctors may be too tired to perform their medical duties effectively. Now, the government will limit the number of hours of work that residents can work. Most doctors in training will be limited to eighty-four hours of work each week. They will have work periods of no more than twenty-four hours at one time. They will have ten hours of rest between work periods.
Medical residents will have one day each week when they do not have to work. Any work they accept outside their hospitals will be limited．Experienced doctors and medical professors will closely supervise the residents to make sure they are not too tired to work.
Many medical residents welcomed the work limits. Others, however, said the new policy may interfere with patient care and their own medical education.
小題1:If a first –year college student in America wants to be a doctor, he has to wait for ___.
A．4 yearsB．8 yearsC．at least 10 years D．more than 20 years
小題2:Medical residents are not responsible for ____.
A．supervising studentsB．treating patients
C．carrying patientsD．doing operations
小題3:The underlined sentence in the 2nd paragraph means that they have to ____.
A．work 36 hours every weekB．rest for 36 hours before they can go to work
C．work continuously for 36 hoursD．take a rest every 36 hours
小題4:Why does the government limit the number of hours that residents work?
A．medical residents get too much money.
B．Medical residents should go back to school to study
C．There are not enough work for nurses
D．medical residents may make mistakes if they work too long.
小題5:The underlined word “Others” in the last paragraph refers to ___.
A．some criticsB．some medical professors
C．some experienced doctorsD．some medical students

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The Queen’s English is now sounding less upper-class, a scientific study of the Queen’s Christmas broadcasts has found. Researchers have studied each of her messages to the Commonwealth countries since 1952 to find out the change in her pronunciation from the noble Upper Received to the Standard Received.
Jonathan Harrington, a professor at Germany’s University of Munich, wanted to discover whether accent changes recorded over the past half century would take place within one person. “As far as I know, there just is nobody else for whom there is this sort of broadcast records,” he said.
He said the noble way of pronouncing vowels (元音) had gradually lost ground as the noble upper-class accent over the past years. “Her accent sounds slightly less noble than it did 50 years ago. But these are very, very small and slow changes that we don’t notice from year to year.”
“We may be able to relate it to changes in the social classes,” he told The Daily Telegraph, a British newspaper. “In 1952 she would have been heard saying ‘thet men in the bleck het’. Now it would be ‘that man in the black hat’. Similarly, she would have spoken of ‘the citay’ and ‘dutay’, rather than ‘citee’ and ‘dutee’, and ‘hame’ rather than ‘home’. In the 1950s she would have been ‘lorst’, but by the 1970s ‘lost’.”
The Queen’s broadcast is a personal message to the Commonwealth countries. Each  Christmas, the 10-minute broadcast is put on TV at 3 pm in Britain as many families are recovering from their traditional turkey lunch (傳統(tǒng)火雞午餐).
The results were published (發(fā)表) in the Journal of Phonetics.
小題1:What is the text mainly about?
A．The relationship between accents and social classes.
B．The Queen’s Christmas speeches on TV.
C．The changes in a person’s accent.
D．The recent development of the English language.
小題2:The Queen’s broadcasts were chosen for the study mainly because ______.
A．she has been Queen for many years
B．she has a less upper-class accent now
C．her speeches are familiar to many people
D．her speeches have been recorded for 50 years
小題3:Which of the following is an example of a less noble accent in English?
A．“dutay”B．“citee”　　　　　C．“hame”D．“l(fā)orst”
小題4:We may infer from the text that the Journal of Phonetics is a magazine on ______.
A．speech sounds　　　　　　B．Christmas customs
C．TV broadcasting　　　　　D．personal messages

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

SCIENTISTS have discovered that living to the age of 100 may have nothing to do with the lifestyle you lead and everything to do with the type of genes (基因) you have.
For the lucky carriers of “Methuselah” genes, worries over smoking, eating unhealthily and not getting enough exercise may not be as necessary as to those of us without the special gene pattern .
The “Methuselah” genes could give extra protection against the diseases of old age such as cancer and heart disease. They could also protect people against the effects of the unhealthy lifestyles that we believe will lead us to an early death, scientists say. However, the genes are very rare.
The genes include ADIPOQ, which is found in about 10 percent of young people but in nearly 30 percent of people living past 100. They also include the CETP and the ApoC3 genes, which are found in 10 percent of young people, but in about 20 percent of people over 100 years old.
Some of those genes were discovered by a research group at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, led by Professor Nir Barzilai. The team studied the genes of over 500 people over 100 years old, and their children.
The studies show that tiny mutations (變異) in the make-up of some genes can greatly increase a person’s lifespan. Barzilai told a Royal Society conference that the discovery of such genes gave scientists clear targets for developing drugs that could prevent age-related diseases, allow people to live longer and stay healthy.
David Gems, a researcher at University College London, believes that drugs to slow ageing will become widespread.
“If we know which genes control longevity (長壽) then we can … target them with drugs. That makes it possible to slow down ageing,” he told The Times.
“Much of the pain and suffering in the world are caused by ageing. If we can find a way to reduce that, then we are obliged to take it.”
小題1: According to the article, which of the following is the most important if a person is to live to the age of 100?
A．Eating healthy food every day.
B．Having the right types of genes.
C．Having a healthy lifestyle.
D．Taking drugs that prevent ageing.
小題2:According to the article, the ApoC3 gene is found in ______ of people over 100 years old.
A．10%B．20%C．30%D．50%
小題3:Which of the following statements is TRUE of the research led by Professor Nir Barzilai?
A．The team studied the genes of over 100 people over 100 years of age.
B．The researchers found that mutations in certain genes lead to longer life.
C．The researchers found ways to develop drugs that could cure age-related diseases.
D．The study suggested that most people have genes that could lengthen their lives.
小題4: According to David Gems, ______.
A．drugs to slow ageing will be very expensive
B．modern science will be able to find more longevity genes
C．it is the duty of medical scientists to fight the problems of ageing
D．scientists can make new genes that will allow longer life

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

       If you’re a male and you’re reading this, congratulations! You’re a survivor. According to statistics，you’re more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman，and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term，about 78 years for men in Australia，you’ll die on average five years before a woman.
There're many reasons for this--typically，men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.
“Men aren't seeing doctors as often as they should，” says Dr. Gullotta.“This is particularly so
for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike. According to a recent survey, 95％of women aged between 15 and early 49s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70％of men in the same age group.
“A lot of men think they’re unbeatable，”Gullotta says．“They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, Geez, if it could happen to him …”
Then there’s the ostrich（鴕鳥）approach．“Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,” says Dr. Ross Cartmill.
“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.
“Prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases．Besides, the final cost is far greater，it’s called premature death.”
小題1:Why does the author congratulate male readers at the beginning of the passage?
A．They can live longer than they expected．
B．They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier life.
C．They have lived long enough to read this article.
D．They are more likely to survive serious diseases now．
小題2:Which of the author’s statements is the most important reason that men die five years earlier on average than women according to the passage?
A．Men drink and smoke much more than women.
B．Men don’t seek medical care as often as women.
C．Men are more likely to suffer from deadly diseases.
D．Men aren’t as cautious as women in face of danger.
小題3:Which of the following best completes the underlined sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him…” （in Para 4） ?
A．it could happen to me，too.
B．it would be a big misfortune.
C．I should avoid playing golf.
D．I should consider myself lucky.
小題4:What does Dr．Ross Cartmill mean by“the ostrich approach”（in Para 5）?
A．A casual attitude towards one’s health conditions.
B．A new treatment for certain psychological problems．
C．Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved.
D．Unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Tired of telling students to ask questions and to think about what they were doing, Damien Hynes, a high school geography teacher in Australia, decided to do an experiment to test what he had long been thinking．He wrote some well-organized nonsense （something untrue） on the blackboard．The students simply copied it but very few asked any questions．This shows that students are willing to believe anything given by teachers．The story is repeated in support of the Project for Enhancing Effective Learning （PEEL）．
PEEL was carried out by some teachers and researchers in Melbourne who had concluded that normal teaching methods seldom achieve their intended goals; what the teachers think they are teaching is one thing and what the students actually learn is something else．Students’ lack of an over-all view of learning goals and their concentration on test scores make them see each lesson as a separate activity．
Researchers realized that many students do not come into class empty-headed but have their own explanations of how the world works．Their own ideas can remain important to them even when they differ from scientific explanations that are learned later．In fact such ideas are hardly affected by traditional teaching．Students accept the teacher’s scientific explanation, but do not drop their own．They simply keep both and use them practically: in a class test, they copy the teacher’s idea, but in real life they use their own．
Clearly what was needed was to make students understand their learning process（過程）, and this is what the PEEL teachers set out to deal with．On the surface,（表面） a class being taught by PEEL methods only differs from an ordinary class in being a little noisier, because more people are talking．But there are some meaningful changes．Students are given much more time to express their views, and teachers don’t make immediate judgment．The students are allowed to guide what is done in class and their own ideas are always respected．This draws their attention to the actual learning process, and they become responsible for their own progress．
小題1:The aim of Hynes’ experiment was to ______．
A．show that students didn’t think about what they learnt
B．prove the effectiveness of the project known as PEEL
C．test students’ general knowledge about geography
D．encourage students to ask more questions in class
小題2:Why did some teachers and researchers carry out PEEL?
A．To ensure teachers do scientific work．
B．To help students get higher test scores．
C．To find the differences between what is taught and learnt．
D．To help normal teaching methods achieve their goals．
小題3:An important difference between PEEL and non-PEEL classes is that in the PEEL classes ______．
A．the teacher does not give the usual scientific explanations
B．students always have their own knowledge of the subject
C．more attention is paid to the students’ own ideas
D．the best explanations are given by the students
小題4:What is Damien Hynes？
A．He is a teacher who teaches geography in a high school in Australia
B．He is a geography teacher and a researcher in Australia
C．He is a teacher teaching geography in a high school in Austria
D．He is a high school geography teacher in Austria．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

“Football is a very short-term career. Football really prepares you for almost nothing. The only thing I got out of football was the ability to work hard.” says Gales Sayers. So what do you do after your glory days on the field are over? Here’s what one of the top players, Gales Sayers did after he put down the pigskin.
Gales Sayers: #40, Chicago Bears, Running Back.  
Gales Sayers became famous in 1965. After recovering from a serious knee injury in 1968, Sayers returned to the Bears in 1969 and was awarded the George Halas Award as “the most courageous player in professional football.” At the award ceremony, he owed his prize to his friend and teammate Brian Piccolo, who was dying of cancer.
Sayers couldn’t get away from the injuries, though, and another blow to his knee put an end to his football career in 1971. His personal life was unfortunate as well, as he and his wife, Linda, split up that year. Shortly after that, Sayers started a new life and career as an assistant athletic director in the University of Kansas. By 1976 he was moving up the ladder at Southern Illinois University, becoming the first African-American athletic director at a major university.
Sayers started a computer supplies company in 1984 with his second wife, Ardie, whom he married in 1973. The couple was looking for a field with a future, and computers seemed to have it all. Seventeen years later, the company that bears his name is a national provider of technology solutions, with 10 locations and over 350 employees across the country. Just like in the old days the honors started rolling in. Sayers was listed into the Chicago Area Entrepreneurship(企業(yè)家) Hall of Fame in 1999.
小題1:What does the underlined sentence “he put down the pigskin” mean?
A. Sayers ended his football career.              
B. Sayers was too tired to go on playing.
C. Sayers intended to start a new career.            
D. Sayers only wanted to rest for some time.
小題2: How many times was Sayers honored in his life?
A．Only once as a football star.
B．Only once as a businessman.
C．Twice in all.
D．We are not quite sure.
小題3: Sayers started his new career mainly because of _______ .
A．the first knee injury in l 968
B．his unfortunate personal life
C．another more serious knee injury
D．a friend’s being deadly ill
小題4:What can be learned from this passage?
A．Football players are not successful all the time.
B．A successful businessman should be a ball player first.
C．A retired football player can easily make money.
D．Whatever you do, working hard is the most important.

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習冊答案