Everybody hates it，but everybody does it．A recent report said that 40％of Americans hate tipping．But why do tips exist?
The common opinion in the past was that tips both rewarded the efforts of good service and reduced uncomfortable feelings of inequality．It is believed that the better the service is，the bigger the tip will be．
But according to a new research from Cornell University，tips no longer serve any useful function．The paper analyzes number they got from 2，547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants．The connection between larger tips and better service was very weak．
Tipping is better explained by culture than by the money people spend．In America，tipping is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service．In New York restaurants，failing to tip at least 15％could well mean dissatisfaction from the customers Hairdressers can expect to get 15％一20％．a(chǎn)nd the mall who delivers your fast food should be paid$2．In Europe，tipping is less common．In many restaurants the amount of tip is decided by a standard service charge In many Asian countries，tipping has never really caught on at a11．Only a few have really taken to tipping。
According to Michael Lynn，the Cornell papers’author，countries in which people are more social or outgoing tend to tip more．tie says，“In America，where people are expressive and eager to mix up with others，tipping is about social approval If you tip badly，people think less of you .Tipping well is a chance to show off．”
68．This passage is mainly about        
A．different kinds of tipping in different countries
B．the relationship between tipping and countries
C．the origin and present meanings of tipping
D．the reason why American people hate tipping
69．Which of the following best explains the underlined phrase“caught on”in paragraph 4?
A．been hated      B．become popular   C．been stopped    D．been permitted
70．Eating in a well—known restaurant in New York，who is likely to tip most?
A．A Frenchman．    B．A Chinese．  C．A Japanese．    D．An American．
71．We can infer from this passage that        ．
A．tipping is no longer a good way to satisfy some customers themselves
B．tipping has something to do with people’s character
C．tipping in America can make service better now
D．tipping is no longer popular in New York

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:D
小題4:B
         
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


第三節(jié)：完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從51～65題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
Strange things happen to time when you travel. __51___the earth is divided into 24 time zones, one hour apart, you can have days with __52___ or fewer than 24 hours, and  weeks with more or fewer than seven days.
If you __53___ a five-day trip across the Atlantic Ocean, your __54___ enters a different time zone every __55___. As you enter each zone, the time __56___ one hour. Traveling west, you set your clock back;  traveling east, you set it __57___. Each day of your trip has __58___ 25 or 23 hours.
­If you travel by ship across the Pacific, you ___59___ the international date line. By agreement, this is the point _60___ a new day begins. __61___ you cross the line, you change your __62___ one full day, backward __63____ forward. Traveling east, today __64___ yesterday; traveling west, __65___ is tomorrow!
51.   A. Because      B. If        C. Although     D. When
52.   A. much        B. more     C. many        D. less
53.   A. do          B. make      C. go          D. travel
54.   A. plane        B. train      C. car         D. ship
55.   A. day         B. night      C. hour        D. time
56.   A. goes        B. changes    C. shows       D. adds
57.   A. ahead       B. upward    C. backward     D. fast
58.   A. neither      B. either      C. both        D. nor
59.A. travel       B. trip        C. cover        D. cross
60.A. which      B. what      C. that         D. where
61.A. When      B. Where     C. While       D. Before
62.A. time       B. calendar    C. date        D. hour
63.A. and       B. or         C. but         D. still
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65.A. which       B. this       C. that        D. it

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Making group purchases of famous local products and cosmetics (化妝品) with co-workers has become a common habit for the nine-to-fivers. But if your impression of group buys is still a piece of paper being passed around the office, everyone writes their details down, or endless phone calls or faxes to the supplier, then I’m sorry to say you’re behind the times. The popular way to make such purchases today is to get on line, form a special “group” and shop together. Not only can you save money by getting the best discounts, but it’s also a great way to meet new people.
“You could cut off my clicking finger and I’d still keep shopping this way!” so goes a common comment left by customers of China’s famous e-commerce website “Taobao”. Some even refer to group purchasing as a “path of no return”, saying that “Once you’ve tried it, you’ll get hooked!”
The origins of this new trend can be found in China’s well-known online consumers’ BBS, 55BBS, and the shopping boards. Since most BBS users are “white-collared workers and students who live in concentrated areas, buying clothes, food, and so on as a group saves on delivery costs as well as – if they meet the seller’s criteria (標(biāo)準(zhǔn)) – earn gifts, discounts, and frequent shopper points.
Users of this online group shopping boards purchase a lot of different items, from Japanese and Korean style clothes and Ugg boots, through fake eyelashes (假睫毛), stockings, food seasonings (調(diào)味品), and kitchen knives, to cosmetic masks and online college courses. All kinds of things have people coming together in groups to buy them, and the pickups are often organized on college campuses or office buildings.
Internet observer Liu Chenxi points the purchasing behavior that these online groups’ power creates a “team” effect. Unlike e-commerce sites driven by individuals’ purchases, sites that create this team effect have users that come together to achieve a common goal. The Internet has made this joining of forces to form group buying power possible, and it continues to snowball all around us.
68. The passage mainly deals with _________.
A. group purchases with co-workers    
B. online group purchases
C. how to do shopping online             
D. buying famous local products and cosmetics
69. What does the word “hooked” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. excited               B. lost                   C. addicted           D. bored
70. According to the text, this kind of purchase has some benefits EXCEPT________.
A. earning gifts                                         B. making new friends
C. saving money                                D. saving time
71. What can we infer from the text?。
A. Online group shopping will become more and more popular.
B. The goods are usually delivered to each doorstep.
C. Doing shopping online is not reliable.
D. People prefer to do group purchases with their co-workers.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Compared to adults, children seem to be moving constantly．So it's no surprise that most parents who are quizzed about their child's physical activity level describe their children as fairly active．But a new study of nearly 2,000 British school children suggests that many parents overestimate the amount of physical activity their children are really getting．
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A child was regarded inactive if he or she recorded less than an hour a day of physical activity．Although the majority of children studied were getting enough physical activity, a sizable minority of children were not．Overall, 39 percent of girls and 18 percent of boys studied were getting less than an hour of physical activity each day．
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"Parents of slim children appear to assume that their children are adequately active," the study authors reported．"Increasing awareness regarding health benefits of physical activity beyond weight control might help have a correct idea of physical activity levels and encourage behavior change．"
69．According to the Speedy study, what kind of children can be judged physically inactive?
A．Slim children．
B．Children with less than an hour a day of physical activity．
C．Overweight children．
D．Children out of touch with their parents for a long time．
70．What does the writer probably mean by saying "a sizable minority of children were not" in Paragraph 3?
A．The amount of children's physical activity is far from the writer's satisfaction．
B．Only a small number of children were not getting enough physical activity．
C．A small number of children didn't overestimate their physical activity．
D．The minority of children were not studied at all．
71．The passage is intended to ____．
A．encourage parents to fairly judge their child's physical activity levels
B．persuade parents to keep an eye on their children's weight
C．urge children to wear accelerometers during exercise
D．a(chǎn)dvise parents to keep in touch with their children

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Ⅳ．閱讀理解(共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。
The holiday season can be a very stressful time for many people．Sometimes，we ale too busy to shop for the right gifts for our friends and family．
Besides that，you may hurry，not only to find the right present，but also a parking place for your car．
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56．The underlined part “to pay all arm and a leg”means      
A．to spend money in buying an arm and a leg
B．to spend time in getting an arm and a leg
C．to be busy driving up and down
D．to be busy watching sports meetings
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A．to sell the useful and colorful tickets
B．to tell you some kinds of tickets you may buy
C．to buy the tickets online or in shops
D．to introduce a new way to buy presents
58．Which one do you think is the best title of the passage?
A．Ticket—a Nice Present   
B．Do No Shopping on Holidays
C．Different Colorful and Useful Tickets
D．How to Buy Tickets in Holidays
59．According to the passage，we are sure that        
A．the article comes from a magazine
B．you can buy tickets for your friends in any city
C．we may buy some tickets at a low price sometimes
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


What can be found in the two recent studies?
One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards．Researchers at Harvard University in the United States and the Stockholm School of Economics in Sweden did the study, which appeared last month in the journal Science．They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game known as the Prisoner's Dilemma．The game is based on the tension between the interests of an individual and a group．The students played in groups of four．Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally．But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players, at a cost to the punisher．Harvard researcher David Rand says the most successful behavior proved to be cooperation （合作）．The groups that rewarded most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded least．And the more a group punished itself, the lower its earnings．The group with the most punishment earned twenty-five percent less than the group with the least punishment．
The other study referred to children, which was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse．Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups．More than eight hundred children were ages two to four the first time they were tested．More than seven hundred children were ages five to nine．The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test．Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not．The study says the IQs ?or intelligence quotients—of the younger children who were not spanked were five points higher than those who were．In the older group, the difference was almost three points．Murray Strauss from the University of New Hampshire' worked with Mallie Paschall from the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation．Professor Strauss has written extensively about physical punishment of children．He says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development．He also looked at average IQs in other nations and found them lower where spanking was more common．
72．We can learn from the passage that ____．
A．the first study began last month at Harvard University in America
B．the Prisoner's Dilemma is a game that can teach you how to be cooperative
C．the study on the IQs of children was carried out by Professor Murray Strauss
D．Professor Mallie has done lots of researches on family violence
73．What study method was adopted in the two recent studies according to the passage?
A．Observation．       B．Questionnaire．      C．Conclusion． D．Experiment．
74．The underlined word "spanked" in the third paragraph refers to ____．
A．scolded constantly      B．punished physically
C．praised frequendy           D．rewarded mentally
75．Which of the following charts is TRUE according to the passage?

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

   CHICAGO ---Call it a reward, or just “bribery(賄賂)”.
Whichever it is, many parents today readily admit to buying off their children, who get goodies(好東西) for anything from behaving in a restaurant to sleeping all night in their own beds.
That’s what worries parenting experts.
“I think that reward systems have a time and a place and work really well in certain situations,” says Marcy Safyer, director of the Adelphi University Institute for Parenting.
“But what often gets lost for people is being able to figure out how to communicate to their kids that doing the thing is rewarding enough,” Safyer says.
Parents and experts alike agree that the dynamic(動力) is partly a reflection of the world we live in. It’s unrealistic to think a parent wouldn’t reward their children with material things sometimes, says Robin Lanzi, a clinical psychologist and mother of four who’s the research director at the Center on Health and Education at Georgetown University.
“But you want to make sure that they match the behavior, so it’s not something huge for something small,” Lanzi says.
She recalls hearing about a father who offered his child a Nintendo Wii game system for scoring a couple goals in a soccer game.
Elizabeth Powell, a mother of two young daughters in Austin, Texas, knows what she means.
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小題1:Parenting experts are worried that ____ .
A．today’s children are fed up with material things
B．parents are rewarding their kids improperly
C．today’s children are more and more demanding(苛求的)
D．there is lack of communication between parents and children
小題2:What Safyer says suggests that ____ .
A．reward systems are quite limited in developing abilities
B．reward systems work well regardless of（不管） time and place
C．reward systems are still not made full use of to develop abilities
D．reward systems are often used at the wrong time and place
小題3:What can we learn from what Robin Lanzi says?
A．She holds a different opinion from other parenting experts.
B．She thinks children can’t behave well without being rewarded.
C．She holds a similar belief to Safyer and gives further explanation.
D．She doesn’t believe in rewarding children for good behavior.
小題4:The father who offered his child a Nintendo Wii game system can be regarded as
_____.
A．over-rewarding his child
B．giving his child proper reward
C．respecting and appreciating his child
D．giving something small for something huge

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


第二節(jié) 完形填空 (共20小題，每題1. 5分，滿分30分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從36—55各題所給的四個選項中，選出最佳選項。
Learn and Earn
Charlie and Jackie joined a wholesale company (批發(fā)公司) together just after graduation. They both worked very hard.
After several years, the boss made Jackie sales manager but Charlie   36   a salesman. One day Charlie could not   37   it any more. He handed in his resignation letter (辭職信) to the boss and complained（抱怨） that the boss did not   38   hard-working employees（雇員）, but only raised those who tried to please him. He thought that it was really   39  .
The boss knew that Charlie had spared no   40   for the company all these years, but in order to help Charlie to realize the   41   between him and Jackie, the boss asked Charlie to do the   42  . "Go and find out if there is anyone selling watermelons(西瓜) in the market." Charlie went, returned and   43   said, "Yes." The boss asked, "How much per kg?" Charlie went back to the market to ask and returned to   44  , "$ 12 per kg."
The boss told Charlie that he would ask Jackie the   45   question. Jackie went, returned and said, "Boss, only one person selling watermelons. $ 12 per kg, $ 100 for 10 kg. He has a   46   of 340 melons. On the table are 58 melons, and every melon weighs about 15 kg,   47   from the South two days ago. They are fresh, red, and of good   48  ."
Charlie was   49    and he realized the difference between himself and Jackie.  He decided not to   50   but to learn from Jackie.
My dear friends, you know, a more   51   person is more observant, thinks more and understands in   52  . For the same matter, he sees several years ahead,   53   you see only tomorrow. The difference between a year and a day is 365 times, so how could you   54   ?
Think: how far have you seen ahead in your life? How   55   are you?
36.A. made     B. became      C. remained    D. kept
37.A. take      B. do      C. get      D. put
38.A. enjoy    B. meet   C. repay  D. value
39.A. unusual B. unfair C. careless      D. selfless
40.A. rest       B. trouble       C. effect  D. effort
41.A. competition  B. relationship       C. difference   D. distance
42.A. following     B. finding       C. shopping    D. searching
43.A. still       B. again  C. even   D. only
44.A. offer     B. answer       C. remind       D. repeat
45.A. difficult B. familiar      C. same   D. simple
46.A. total      B. lot      C. pile     D. number
47.A. taken     B. come  C. bought       D. heard
48.A. value     B. quality       C. condition    D. shape
49.A. struck    B. moved       C. puzzled      D. encouraged
50.A. stay       B. stop    C. work   D. leave
51.A. important     B. intelligent   C. successful   D. hardworking
52.A. time      B. depth  C. need   D. common
53.A. while    B. though       C. unless D. since
54.A. see B. think   C. know  D. win
55.A. hopeful B. thoughtful  C. helpful       D. meaningful

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