The twin towns of LAUFEN/OBERNDORF


Laufen owes its former economical and cultural significance to the river Salzach,which forms a peninsula with its sharp curves（彎） there.
Laufen’s economic boom began with the salt trade and the shipping on the river.The salt—mainly coming from Hallein and Bad Reichenhall—was loaded onto bigger ships downstream,which made Laufen one of the most important ports of shipment for salt in Salzburg and Bavaria.
The archbishop（大教主） of Salzburg had given special privileges to the people who were involved in the shipping of salt on the river Salzach.
The Napoleonic Wars brought occupation and serious disturbances.They brought the sudden end to the independent state of the Duke—Archbishop of Salzburg.The end of the 18th century brought a decrease in shipping because of the general economic situation.On the 1st May 1816 Salzburg definitively became a part of Austria （Munich agreement） that’s why the Salzach became the border between Bavaria and Austria.Laufen’s suburbs Oberndorf and Altach were divided up.The number of inhabitants fell from 1392 to 809.Even the re－unification of the two towns’shipsmen’s guilds（行會(huì)） and the reorganization of 1928 could not prevent the decline of shipping which finally came to an end in the late 19th century.
小題1:________played an important role in Laufen’s economy and culture life.
A．SaltB．ShipmentC．GuildsD．Theriver Salzach
小題2:The underlined word“boom”probably means________.
A．pleasant soundsB．sudden increaseC．sudden decreaseD．trade
小題3:The main idea of this passage is mainly about ________.
A．how the economy declined in Laufen
B．the effects of The Napoleonic Wars
C．how the twin towns of LAUFEN and OBERNDORF came into being
D．the history of Salzburg

小題1:D
小題2:B
小題3:C

小題1:文章第一段已介紹了Salzach在以前的Laufen的經(jīng)濟(jì)文化中起了重要的作用。
小題2:根據(jù)該段的意思可知，boom應(yīng)該表示“興起”。
小題3:全文主要介紹姊妹城Laufen和Oberndorf的由來。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


The Home of My People

When Lewis and Clark stepped onto the Weippe Prairie in present-day Idaho in September 1805, they met the Nez Perce Indians. In the following years, the white explorers（探險(xiǎn)者）began to fight with the Indians for their land. Some Nez Perce chiefs signed agreements with the U.S. government, selling part of their lands. But the government always broke those agreements and demanded more land.
Other chiefs refused to go along with the government’s plans. The most famous was Chief Joseph, whose people lived in the Wallowa Valley（present-day Oregon）.
“In order to have all people understand how much land we owned,” he once explained, “my father planted poles around it and said: ‘Inside is the home of my people…It circled around the graves（墳?zāi)梗﹐f our fathers, and we will never give up these graves to any man.’”
But in 1874, the U.S. government declared the valley open for white settlement and ordered the Nez Perce onto a reservation（保留地）. Seeing that resistance was useless, Chief Joseph agreed to move.
Later fighting broke out between the Nez Perce and U.S. soldiers. Chief Joseph tried to lead his people to Canada, winning several battles against the soldiers during their flight. But finally, he was forced to give in.
56. Which historic site （on the map）lies in the south of today’s Nez Perce Reservation?
A. Buffalo Eddy.             B. Dug Bar.
C. Joseph Canyon Viewpoint.         D. Chief Looking Glass Camp.
57. What can we learn about the Nez Perce lands from the map?
A. They were in the state of Oregon.
B. They have become a historic site.
C. They have become much smaller.
D. They were limited to the Wallowa Valley.
58. From Paragraph 3, we know that the Indians wanted to ______.
A. show off their land      B. keep their land
C. turn their place into a graveyard      D. build their homes around the poles

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When in 1789，George Washington became the first president of the United States，there was no permanent(永久的)capital in which to house the government.During the Revolutionary War seven different cities had served as the national capital.In addition，members of congress(國會(huì))could not agree as to where this permanent capital should be located.Some officials wanted it in the north，others wanted it in the south.Each of the states hoped that the capital might lie within its own state lines.At last it was decided that the capital should occupy a section(區(qū)域)by itself，separate from any of the states.The place chosen was situated on the Potomas River.The land belonged originally(原先地) to the state of Maryland，but Maryland agreed to the national government.The section was named the District of Columbia after Christopher Columbus.The city itself was named Washington，after George Washington.Work was begun on the new capital in 1791.In the year 1799 Congress occupied the new capital building at the same time the White House was opened as the home of all future presidents.
小題1:Before the year 1800，the capital of America had been located in_________.
A．MarylandB．WashingtonC．New YorkD．several cities
小題2:Why was it decided that the capital should be separated from any of the states?Because_________.
A．the District of Columbia was on the borders(邊境) of several states
B．the District of Columbia was in the center of America
C．Maryland insisted that the capital lie in its own state
D．each of the states wanted the capital might lie within its own state
小題3:Presidents of the United States live in_________.
A.the capital building           C.Maryland           C.New York           D.the White House
小題4:Which of the following statements is true?
A．Capital is the place for presidents to live in.
B．Capital should be the largest city in the country.
C．It took nine years to build the capital of Washington.
D．Since 1791，Washington has been the capital of the United States.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When in 1789, George Washington became the first president of the United States, there was no permanent capital in which to house the government. During the Revolutionary War several different cities had served as the national capital. In addition, members of congress could not agree as to where this permanent capital should be located. Some officials wanted it in the north, others wanted it in the south. Each of the states hoped that the capital might lie within its own state lines. At last it was decided that the capital should occupy a section by itself, separate from any of the states. The place chosen was situated on the Potomac River. The land belonged originally to the state of Maryland, but Maryland agreed to the national government. The section was named the Washington. Work was begun on the new capital in 1791. in the year 1899 Congress occupied the new capital building at the same time the White House was opened as the home of all future presidents.
小題1:Before the year 1800, the capital of America had been located in _______.
A．MarylandB．Washington
C．New YorkD．several cities
小題2:Why was it decided that the capital should be separated from any of the states? Because ________.
A．the District of Columbia was on the borders of several states
B．the District of Columbia was in the center of America
C．Maryland insisted that the capital lie in its own state
D．Each of the states wanted the capital might lie within its own state
小題3:The capital was named after _______.
A．a(chǎn)n explorer, who first found the place
B．the place where it occupied
C．the first president of the United States of America
D．a(chǎn) famous general who fought in the war
小題4:Presidents of the United States live in ________.
A．the capital buildingB．Maryland
C．New YorkD．the White House

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The history of the Games Olympia
Olympia, the site of the ancient Olympic Games, is in the western part of the Peloponnese which, according to Greek mythology, is the island of "Pelops", the founder of the Olympic Games. Imposing temples, votive buildings, elaborate shrines and ancient sporting facilities(設(shè)備) were combined in a site of unique natural and mystical beauty.
Olympia functioned as a meeting place for worship and other religious and political practices as early as the 10th century B.C. The central part of Olympia was dominated by the majestic temple of Zeus, with the temple of Hera parallel to it. The ancient stadium in Olympia could hold more than 40,000 audience, while in the surrounding area there were auxiliary(輔助的) buildings which developed gradually up until the 4th century B.C. and were used as training sites for the athletes or to house the judges of the Games.
The Games and religion
The Olympic Games were closely linked to the religious festivals of the cult of Zeus, but were not a total part of a rite. Indeed, they had a secular character and aimed to show the physical qualities and development of the performances accomplished by young people, as well as encouraging good relations between the cities of Greece. According to specialists, the Olympic Games owed their purity and importance to religion.
Victory ceremonies
The Olympic victor received his first awards immediately after the competition. Following the announcement of the winner's name by the herald, a Hellanodikis (Greek judge) would place a palm branch in his hands, while the audience cheered and threw flowers to him. Red ribbons were tied on his head and hands as a mark of victory.
The official award ceremony would take place on the last day of the Games, at the elevated vestibule of the temple of Zeus. In a loud voice, the herald would announce the name of the Olympic winner, his father's name, and his homeland. Then, the Hellanodikis placed the sacred olive tree wreath（花環(huán)）, or kotinos, on the winner's head.
小題1:When did Olympia become the site of the Olympic Games?
A. In the 10th century B.C.
B. Before the 4th century B.C.
C. After the 4th century B.C.
D. It was not mentioned here.
小題2:Which one is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Zeus is the founder of the Olympic Games.
B．The ancient stadium in Olympic were used as training sites for the athletes in the 10th century.
C．The Olympic Games have much to do with the religion.
D．The Olympic victor would receive a golden medal.
小題3:Can you guess the meaning of this word “herald” in the passage?
A．the authorB．the headmasterC．the announcerD．the manager
小題4:When the athletes won the game, ______.
A．They were awarded immediately after the competition.
B．They were awarded twice. The first, immediately after the competition; the second, on the last day of the game.
C．They were awarded on the last day of the game.
D．They were awarded on the last day of the game or immediately after the competition.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

One evening in February 2007, a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path .That’s when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Renault Clio was parked across a railway line. Seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks.
Ceely’s near miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS (導(dǎo)航儀). She had never driven the route before. It was dark and raining heavily. Ceely was relying on her GPS, but it made no mention of the crossing. “I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train,” she told the BBC.
Who is to blame here? Rick Stevenson, who tells Ceely’s story in his book When Machines Fail Us, points the finger at the limitations of technology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small problems. And it’s not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless keyboards.
The problem with his argument in the book is that it’s not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes. A map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor singalling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the GPS equipment. But Stevenson doesn’t say.
It’s a problem that runs through the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computer-based locking systems for cars. He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable. Perhaps, but maybe it’s also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. Or changing social circumstances. Or some combination of these factors.
The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology.
If there is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines. After all, we have lived with them for thousands of years. They have probably been fooling us for just as long.
小題1:What did Paula Ceely think was the cause of her accident？
A．She was not familiar with the road.
B．It was dark and raining heavily then.
C．The railway workers failed to give the signal.
D．Her GPS device didn’t tell her about the crossing.
小題2:The phrase “near miss” (Paragraph 2) can best be replaced by______.
A．close hitB．heavy loss
C．narrow escapeD．big mistake
小題3:Which of the following would Rick Stevenson most probably agree with?
A．Modern technology is what we can’t live without.
B．Digital technology often falls short of our expectation.
C．Digital devices are more reliable than they used to be.
D．GPS error is not the only cause for Ceely’s accident.
小題4:In the writer’s opinion, Stevenson’s argument is _______.
A．one-sidedB．reasonable
C．puzzlingD．well-based
小題5:What is the real concern of the writer of this article?
A．The major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts.
B．The relationship between human and technology.
C．The shortcomings of digital devices we use.
D．The human unawareness of technical problems.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Multitasking
What is the first thing you nitice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed (展示) at the entrance? Or the soft background music?
But have you ever notice the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop’s scent may not be outstanding compared with sightsand sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.
A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers’ intension to purchase increased by 80 percent.
When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brand’s success as the quality of its window displays and goods on slaes. That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.
Some years ago,the focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants’ disproving attitude and don’t-touch-what-you-can’t-afford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (實(shí)體店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination. And scent is just one way to achieve this.
Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut (椰子) scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store’s windows to smell books, pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent.
小題1:According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand store?
A．Friendly assistant.B．Unique scents.
C．Soft background musicD．a(chǎn)ttractive window display.
小題2:E-shops are mentioned in the passage to _______ .
A．a(chǎn)show the advantages of brick-and-mortar stores
B．urge shop assistants to change their attitude
C．push stores to use sights and sounds
D．introduce the rise of e-commerce
小題3:The underlined word “destination” in Paragraph 5 means _______ .
A．a(chǎn) platform that exhibts goods
B．a(chǎn) spot where travelers like to stay
C．a(chǎn) place where customers love to go
D．a(chǎn) target that a store expects to meet
小題4:The main purpose of the passage is to ______ .
A．compare and evaluateB．examine and assess
C．a(chǎn)rgue and discussD．inform and explain

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history show, hasn’t meant economic freedom.
Employment became widespread when the enclosures（圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)）of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by taking them away from the use of the land, and thus from the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people traveled longer distances to their place of employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.
Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm（準(zhǔn)則）today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between sexes.
It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were kept out — a problem now, as more teenagers disappointed and annoyed at school and more retired people want to live active lives.
All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some efforts and resources away from the utopian（烏托邦）goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.
小題1: From the passage we can learn that ____.
A．jobs have existed since human came into being
B．the industrial age brought jobs to everyone
C．the industrial age brought the work patterns most people’s work has taken
D．in the future more and more people could get jobs as the industry is developing
小題2:Before the enclosures of the 17th and 18th, people lived mainly on ____.
A．paid workB．unpaid workC．taxes and benefitsD．land
小題3:Before the industrial age women played ____.
A．more important roles in making a lifeB．less important roles in making a life
C．roles as weak as after in raising their children D．roles as important as men in supporting a family
小題4: From the passage we can infer that ____.
A．creating jobs for all must be changed
B．enough jobs must be created by our society
C．more and more jobs are being created
D．industrial age has made many people unable to live without full-time jobs

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


B
When a Swedish ship that sank in 1628 was recovered from the port of Stockholm, historians and scientists were overjoyed with the chance to examine the remains of the past. The ship construction showed how ships were built and operated during the seventeenth century. In this way, artifacts, objects made by human beings, provided a picture of daily life almost 400 years ago.
Underwater archaeology –the study of ships, aircraft and human settlements that have sunk under large bodies of water—is really a product of the last 50 years. The rapid growth of this new area of study has occurred because of the invention of better diving equipment. Besides the Swedish ship
wreck(殘骸), underwater archaeologists have made more exciting discoveries such as the 5,000-year-old boats in the Mediterranean Sea.
Underwater archaeology can provide facts about the past. In ancient ports all over the world are ships sunken in the past 6,000 years. There are also sunken settlements in seas and lakes telling of people’s way of life and their systems of trade in ancient times. Underwater archaeologists want to study these objects to add to the world’s knowledge of history , but they have to fight two enemies. One enemy is treasure hunters who dive for ancient artifacts that they can sell to collectors. Once sold, these objects are lost to experts. The second enemy is dredging machines (挖掘機(jī))often used to repair ports. These machines destroy  wrecks and artifacts or bury them deeper under sand and mud. By teaching the public about the importance of underwater “museums” of the past, archaeologists are hoping to get support for laws to protect underwater treasures.
59．What purpose does Paragraph 1 serve in the passage?
A．To provide background information of the topic.
B．To attract readers’ attention to the topic.
C．To use an example to support the topic.
D．To offer basic knowledge of the topic.
60．The aim of underwater archaeology is to___________.
A．exploit water bodies
B．search for underwater life
C．study underwater artifacts
D．examine underwater environment
61．Underwater archaeologists are worried because___________.
A．sea hunters have better diving equipment
B．their knowledge of world history is limited
C．dredging machines cause damage to the ports
D．sold artifacts can hardly be regained for research
62．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．to introduce a young branch of learning.
B．To discuss the scientists ’ problems.
C．To explain people’s way of life in the past.
D．To describe the sunken ships.

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