The history of the Games Olympia
Olympia, the site of the ancient Olympic Games, is in the western part of the Peloponnese which, according to Greek mythology, is the island of "Pelops", the founder of the Olympic Games. Imposing temples, votive buildings, elaborate shrines and ancient sporting facilities(設(shè)備) were combined in a site of unique natural and mystical beauty.
Olympia functioned as a meeting place for worship and other religious and political practices as early as the 10th century B.C. The central part of Olympia was dominated by the majestic temple of Zeus, with the temple of Hera parallel to it. The ancient stadium in Olympia could hold more than 40,000 audience, while in the surrounding area there were auxiliary(輔助的) buildings which developed gradually up until the 4th century B.C. and were used as training sites for the athletes or to house the judges of the Games.
The Games and religion
The Olympic Games were closely linked to the religious festivals of the cult of Zeus, but were not a total part of a rite. Indeed, they had a secular character and aimed to show the physical qualities and development of the performances accomplished by young people, as well as encouraging good relations between the cities of Greece. According to specialists, the Olympic Games owed their purity and importance to religion.
Victory ceremonies
The Olympic victor received his first awards immediately after the competition. Following the announcement of the winner's name by the herald, a Hellanodikis (Greek judge) would place a palm branch in his hands, while the audience cheered and threw flowers to him. Red ribbons were tied on his head and hands as a mark of victory.
The official award ceremony would take place on the last day of the Games, at the elevated vestibule of the temple of Zeus. In a loud voice, the herald would announce the name of the Olympic winner, his father's name, and his homeland. Then, the Hellanodikis placed the sacred olive tree wreath（花環(huán)）, or kotinos, on the winner's head.
小題1:When did Olympia become the site of the Olympic Games?
A. In the 10th century B.C.
B. Before the 4th century B.C.
C. After the 4th century B.C.
D. It was not mentioned here.
小題2:Which one is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Zeus is the founder of the Olympic Games.
B．The ancient stadium in Olympic were used as training sites for the athletes in the 10th century.
C．The Olympic Games have much to do with the religion.
D．The Olympic victor would receive a golden medal.
小題3:Can you guess the meaning of this word “herald” in the passage?
A．the authorB．the headmasterC．the announcerD．the manager
小題4:When the athletes won the game, ______.
A．They were awarded immediately after the competition.
B．They were awarded twice. The first, immediately after the competition; the second, on the last day of the game.
C．They were awarded on the last day of the game.
D．They were awarded on the last day of the game or immediately after the competition.

小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:C
小題4:B

小題1:文章第二段提到公元前4世紀(jì)的時候奧林匹亞運(yùn)動場建造的輔助設(shè)施用來訓(xùn)練運(yùn)動員或裁判員休息，可見那時已經(jīng)開始舉行奧運(yùn)會了。
小題2:文章第三段說到奧運(yùn)會與宗教有很大的關(guān)系。
小題3:從文章后兩段可以看出，“herald”是宣布獲獎結(jié)果的，所以可以推測出應(yīng)當(dāng)是宣告員。
小題4:文章后數(shù)第二段提到第一次頒獎是在比賽結(jié)束時立即，最后一段又提到了官方的獎勵，可見是有兩次頒獎。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Scientists have long puzzled over how iguanas, a group of lizards(蜥蜴) mostly found in the Americas, came to live in the isolated Pacific islands of Fiji and Tonga. Some scientists used to suppose that they must have traveled there on a raft, a journey of around 5,000 miles from South America to the islands. There are documented cases of iguanas reaching remote Caribbean islands and the Galapagos Islands on floating logs. But new research in January by Brice Noonan and Jack Sites suggested that iguanas may have simply walked to Fiji and Tonga when the islands were still a part of an ancient southern supercontinent.
The ancient supercontinent was made up of present-day Africa, Australia, Antarctica and parts of Asia. If that’s the case, the island species would need to be very old. Using “molecular (分子) clock” analysis of living iguanas’ DNA, Noonan and Sites found that, sure enough, the lineage of iguanas has been around for more than 60 million years—easily old enough to have been in the area when the islands were still connected by land bridges to Asia or Australia.
Fossils (化石) uncovered in Mongolia suggest that iguanid ancestors did once live in Asia. Though there’s currently no fossil evidence of iguanas in Australia, that doesn’t necessarily mean they were never there. “The fossil record of this continent is surprisingly poor and cannot be taken as evidence of true absence,” the authors write.
So if the iguanas simply walked to Fiji and Tonga from Asia or possibly Australia, why are they not also found on the rest of the Pacific islands? Noonan and Sites say fossil evidence suggests that iguana species did once inhabit other islands, but went extinct right around the time when humans settled in those islands. But Fiji and Tonga have a much shorter history of human presence, which may have helped the iguanas living there to escape extinction.
The researchers say that their study can’t completely rule out the rafting theory, but it does make the land bridge theory “far more reasonable than previously thought.”
小題1: What did some scientists previously believe about the iguanas?
A．They were once discovered in America.
B．They traveled by raft to Fiji and Tonga.
C．They could survive in poor living conditions.
D．They moved to Fiji and Tonga from Australia.
小題2:According to Noonan and Sites, 60 million years ago ____.   
A．the land of the world was a supercontinent
B．Fiji and Tonga were connected to Asia or Australia
C．Africa, Australia and America were a continent
D．iguanas walked to Fiji and Tonga from Africa
小題3:The underline word “l(fā)ineage” in Paragraph 2 probably refers to ____.
A．conditions in which creatures can survive
B．the change in ancient plants and animals.
C．the line of generations of an ancestor
D．the habitat of a type of an ancient animal
小題4: What is the main topic of this passage?   
A．The life span of animals living on the ancient supercontinent.
B．The two islands being home to several iguana species in the Pacific region.
C．The fossil evidence suggesting iguanas’ ancestors’ swimming to Fiji and Tonga
D．By raft or by land — how did iguanas reach the tiny Pacific islands?

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Having learned much about the War of Resistance against Japan, Mao Jingxin didn’t like the Japanese when she was a child. “I thought they were cruel and rude,” said the 18-year-old girl from Hebei Province. But she began to change her mind after she met some Japanese teenagers in a history museum six years ago. These fashionable high school students looked seriously at the history displays and talked to Mao in a friendly way. “I found that they are not bad as I thought,” she said.
Like Mao, many Chinese teenagers’ are caught up in this confusion. A survey by 21st Century Teens shows about 51 per cent of Chinese teenagers say they dislike Japan. But most of them still want to have a Japanese friend. Also, Japan lies third on their list of Asian countries that they want to visit, following Singapore and South Korea. Teens did a survey just before the 60th anniversary of the victory day of the War of Resistance against Japan, which fell on September 3. The survey aimed to encourage understanding and communication between young Chinese and Japanese.
Teens also wanted to understand Chinese teenagers’ attitudes towards Japan, and how much they actually know about the country. As Teens found, more than 60 per cent of Chinese teenagers learn about Japan through the media or books. Only 16 per cent have ever met a Japanese person.
“Most of my friends hate Japan for what it did to China during World War II. But people should not live in hatred. I think the best way to figure it out is to have contact with the Japanese people myself,” Zhang Yuyuan, a Senior 2 girl, told us in the survey.
Jin Xide, professor of the Chinese Academy of Social Science, says that China and Japan actually had a peaceful relationship during the 1970s and 1980s. Since the 1990s, the growth of Japan’ s right-wing forces has caused great difficulties. “We have to be strong against them. But we mustn’t ignore the fact that there are far more friendly Japanese,” added Jin.
“Japan has done wrong to Asian countries including China and it has caused pain to everyone,” said Hikaru, a 17-year-old girl in Kawasaki. Having visited China four times and learned much, she understands the importance of communication between the two peoples. She plans to join in an exchange programme with Chinese youth. “Welcome to Japan, my Chinese friends!” She says it with a smile.
64. Most teenagers hate Japanese because _______.
A. the Japanese they meet are cruel
B. the Japanese were cruel during the war
C. they look too fashionable
D. the Japanese don’t want to communicate with Chinese people
65. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the survey?
A. Only a small percentage of teenagers have met a Japanese.
B. More than half of the teenagers in the survey don’t like the Japanese.
C. Singapore is one of the most popular Asian tourist places for Chinese teenagers.
D. Most Chinese teenagers learn about Japan through exchange activities.
66. According to Professor Jin, _____ is the main reason for the worse relationship between Japan and China.
A. the War of Resistance against Japan
B. lack of communication
C. Japan’s increasing right-wing force
D. Japan’s rapidly-growing economy
67. The passage is written to ______.
A. encourage Chinese teenagers to meet the Japanese
B. report what Chinese teenagers think about Japan
C. provide information about Japanese teenagers
D. give a brief introduction to the history of the War of Resistance against Japan

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The twin towns of LAUFEN/OBERNDORF


Laufen owes its former economical and cultural significance to the river Salzach,which forms a peninsula with its sharp curves（彎） there.
Laufen’s economic boom began with the salt trade and the shipping on the river.The salt—mainly coming from Hallein and Bad Reichenhall—was loaded onto bigger ships downstream,which made Laufen one of the most important ports of shipment for salt in Salzburg and Bavaria.
The archbishop（大教主） of Salzburg had given special privileges to the people who were involved in the shipping of salt on the river Salzach.
The Napoleonic Wars brought occupation and serious disturbances.They brought the sudden end to the independent state of the Duke—Archbishop of Salzburg.The end of the 18th century brought a decrease in shipping because of the general economic situation.On the 1st May 1816 Salzburg definitively became a part of Austria （Munich agreement） that’s why the Salzach became the border between Bavaria and Austria.Laufen’s suburbs Oberndorf and Altach were divided up.The number of inhabitants fell from 1392 to 809.Even the re－unification of the two towns’shipsmen’s guilds（行會） and the reorganization of 1928 could not prevent the decline of shipping which finally came to an end in the late 19th century.
小題1:________played an important role in Laufen’s economy and culture life.
A．SaltB．ShipmentC．GuildsD．Theriver Salzach
小題2:The underlined word“boom”probably means________.
A．pleasant soundsB．sudden increaseC．sudden decreaseD．trade
小題3:The main idea of this passage is mainly about ________.
A．how the economy declined in Laufen
B．the effects of The Napoleonic Wars
C．how the twin towns of LAUFEN and OBERNDORF came into being
D．the history of Salzburg

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The Erie Canal was the first important national waterway built in the US. It crossed New York from Buffalo on Lake Erie Troy to Albany on the Hudson River. It joined the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. The canal served as a route over which industrial goods could flow into the west, and materials could pour into the east. The Erie Canal helped New York develop into the nation’s largest city.
The building of the canal was paid for entirely by the state of New York. It cost $ 7 143 789, but it soon gained its price many times over. Between 1825, when the canal was opened, and 1882, when toll charges(過運(yùn)河費(fèi)) were stopped, the state collected $121 461 891.
For a hundred years before the Erie was built, people had been talking about a canal which could join the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean. The man who planned the Erie Canal and carried the plan through was De Witt Clinton. Those who were against the canal laughingly called it “Clinton’s Ditch(溝)”. Clinton talked and wrote about the canal and drew up plans for it. He and Governor Morris went to Washington in 1812 to ask for help for the canal, but they were unsuccessful.
Clinton became governor of New York in 1817, and shortly afterwards, on July 4, 1817, broke ground for the canal in Rome, N.Y. The first part of the canal was completed in 1820. As the canal grew, towns along its course developed fast. The length of the canal is 363 miles.
小題1:We can see that the Erie Canal ________.
A．joined the Great Lakes together
B．crossed New York from north to south
C．played an important part in developing New York City
D．was the first waterway built in the US
小題2:It can be inferred that ________ into the Atlantic Ocean.
A．the Great Lakes flowB．the Hudson River flows
C．Lake Erie flowsD．the Erie Canal flows
小題3:Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．The Erie Canal brought profits of over $114, 000, 000.
B．It’s 363 miles from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.
C．The West was more advanced than the East when the canal was built.
D．Many other states helped New York built the canal.
小題4:Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Clinton broke ground for the canal at both ends.
B．Clinton started building the canal before he became governor.
C．All parts of the canal were completed at the same time.
D．Construction of the canal took eight years.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama came from ritual (宗教儀式). The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world, even the seasonal changes, as unpredictable, and they sought through various means, to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then kept and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths (神話), coutinued to exist and provided material for art and drama.
Those who believe that drama came from ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the “acting area” and the “watching area.” In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in performing, religious leaders usually undertook that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often imitated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and used gestures about the desired effect, success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival (復(fù)活) of the Sun. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.
Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales about the hunt, war, or other feats are gradually added in detail, at first through imitation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely-related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.
小題1:What does the passage mainly discuss?
A．The origins of theater.B．The role of ritual in modern dance.
C．The importance of storytelling.D．The variety of early religious activities.
小題2:What aspect of drama does the author discuss in the first parapraph?
A．The reason why drama is often unpredictable.B．The seasons in which dramas were performed.
C．The connection between myths and dramatic plots.D．The importance of costumes in early drama.
小題3:Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common element of theater and ritual?
A．Dance.B．Costumes.C．Music.D．Magic.
小題4:According to the passage, what is the main difference between ritual and drama?
A．Ritual uses music whereas drama does not.B．Ritual is shorter than drama.
C．Ritual requires fewer performers than drama.D．Ritual has a religious purpose and drama does not.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Are you a big fan of pirate（海盜） stories? Do you know how to talk like a pirate? You can have fun on September 19th. This special holiday is called International Talk Like A Pirate Day. It was invented in 1995 by two young Americans, John Baur and Mark Summers.
These two good friends came up with this idea when they were playing racquetball, and began to talk like pirates. At that moment, they thought, “Young people are interested in pirate. But there is no such a chance for people to get together to share it. Why not have a day when everybody talks like a pirate?” They decided to make September 19th the date. Since then, Baur and Summers have tried hard to promote Talk Like A Pirate Day. As Baur said, “We've talked like pirates, and encouraged several of our friends to do so every September 19th.”
At first, this day was only known by a few people. In 2002, Baur and Summers sent a letter about their invented holiday to Dave Barry. This columnist（專欄作家）really liked their idea. He promoted the holiday and made it known to more and more people. Now, it has really become an international holiday. On Talk Like A Pirate Day, you need to dress like a pirate. You should wear a big hat or maybe cover one of your eyes. You can pretend to be any kind of pirate that you can find in any story or movie.
Having fun and being relaxed are not the only best things about the holiday. Young people share the same interest and childhood dreams that day. That's why it is welcomed by so many people, especially young people.
Unlike traditional holidays, International Talk Like A Pirate Day is a brand new holiday which is invented by the youth themselves and celebrated by themselves too. Because of Baur and Summers' imagination and creativity, thousands of young people's pirate dream come true. Next time, when you have a good idea, why not share it with your fiends and insist on your belief? Maybe you can create another wonderful holiday for the youth in the future.
小題1:How did John Baur and Mark Summers invent the special holiday?
A．Many young people asked them to do it
B．They did it just for pleasure
C．They thought out the idea by chance and imagination
D．They did it in order to honor pirates
小題2:Why are the holiday become more and more popular？.
A．You can have fun and relax yourself freely.
B．young people can exchange ideas and dreams on the day
C．young people can have fun and be relaxed.
D．you can play the role of the pirate in the movie on the day
小題3:Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．It was Dave Barry who made more people know the holiday.
B．Talk Like A Pirate Day is a young, active and lively holiday
C．Thanks to John Baur and Mark Summers’ imagination and creativity, a lot of people realize their pirate dream.
D．The holiday has been popular since the birth of it.
小題4:According to the passage, which of the following can show that the holiday is special?
A．It has a long history.
B．It is a wonderful and instructive holiday.
C．It is a brand new holiday invented and celebrated by the youth themselves.
D．People can make their dream come true on this day.
小題5:Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage？
A．Can you talk like a pirate?
B．Young people’s pirate dream
C．John Baur and Mark Summers
D．September 19th ,—a day in honor of pirates

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

What could be cuter than your puppy giving his doggy friend a kiss on the nose? Nothing，really．But is your dog actually planting a kiss on his friend? Yes，but that’s only one of the reasons your dog may lick another dog’s nose．Here are some other reasons why your dog may lick another dog’s nose．  
During an introduction，a shy and lower-ranking dog will lower his head，avoid direct eye contact and gently extend his tongue to lick the nose of a more confident and high-ranking dog．The first dog licks the nose of the second dog to simply make it know that：he comes in peace．   
Dogs who are already friends will also trade kisses．Two strongly bonded dog pals will lick and clean each other．They give each other “dog kisses” showing friendship．
Puppies also “kiss” their mothers，but it's not a gesture of love．When puppies stop suckling(吸吮)their mothers’ tits for milk and start to eat semisolid(半固體)food instead；they lick their mothers’ mouths and noses in the hope of getting the mother to regurgitate(反哺) some semi-digested food．
So how to help your bashful dog make friends with other dogs? You can carefully select confident-but-friendly and good-tempered dogs to play with your shy dog，to help him develop his social skills．Also consider taking him to a special training class that focuses on socialization and positive training technique．
Do not disturb them when your two dogs play “kiss” briefly with each other．Sit back and enjoy this display of friendship．Then call them over and have them do a command such as “sit’’ or “shake paws”．Offer them treats as a reward for being good to each other．
If you foster(收養(yǎng))a dog and have three or more resident dogs，introduce the foster dog to your brood dog one at a time and let muzzle licking between them happen naturally．Start with your least reactive or most friendly dog．Never force an in production between the dogs because this can deepen the foster dog’s submissiveness or spark a fight．
小題1:We know a shy and lower—ranking dog licks the nose of a higher-ranking dog to        ．
A．a(chǎn)sk the dog for helpB．show he is friendly
C．show his anger D．show his respect for him
小題2:What can we know about two dogs who are already friends?
A．They seldom give each other kisses．
B．They usually avoid direct eye contact．
C．They like keeping their friendship a secret．
D．They show their friendship by “dog kisses”．
小題3:What does the underlined word “bashful” in Paragraphs 5 mean?
A．Shy．B．Honest．C．Lovely．D．Little．
小題4:What should you do if your two dogs play “kiss” briefly with each other?
A．Ask them to stay away from each other immediately．
B．Ask them to shake tails．
C．Ask them to have a fight．
D．Give them a reward for being friends．
小題5:The writer wrote this passage to_________．
A．tell us about a study he did recently
B．explain why a dog kisses other dogs
C．tell us how to raise dogs
D．help us to make friends with dogs.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Empty Deserts
In the 19th century Americans from the eastern states moved out west to settle in the rich new lands along the Pacific coast. The most difficult part of their trip was crossing the “Great American Desert in the western part of the United States by horse and wagon.
The western desert can be very dangerous. There is little water and there are few trees. But the desert also has scenery of great beauty. Tall towers of red and yellow stone rise sharply from the flat sandy valley floor. The scene has been photographed many times and appears in movies and in TV.
In Arizona, man made dams across the Colorado River have made two large lakes in the middle of the dry desert country. At Lake Powell, the red stone arch of Rainbow Bridge rises high above the blue lake.
There are few roads. Many areas of Lake Powell’s shore can only be reached by boat or on foot. But hikers in this empty desert land sometimes find very old native American pictures, painted on the rocks.
In Death Valley, California, the summer temperature rises to 130 degrees. There is less than two inches of rain each year. Death Valley is the lowest place in America---- 925 meters below sea level. In the 1800s, many travelers died when they tried to cross this waterless valley in the terrible heat.
Although the desert is dry and seems empty, there is plenty of life if you look closely. Small insects, snakes and rats have learned how to live in the desert heat. They live under ground and come out at night, when it is cool. Plants such as cacti need very little water.  When it does rain in the desert (sometimes only once or twice a year), plants grow quickly, and flowers open in a single day. For a short time, the desert is covered with brilliant colors.
小題1:In the 19th century, Americans moved from the east to the west because they ______.
A．enjoy the tripB．wanted to make their home there
C．wanted to find new grassland thereD．had no water to drink
小題2:From the passage, we can conclude that ______.
A．the western desert is a good place for people to live in
B．there is little water but there are many trees in the desert
C．the desert is dangerous but it is full of life
D．till now, people know little about the desert
小題3: If you want to find some old native American pictures painted on the rock you must go ______.
A．on footB．by boatC．by carD．by plane
小題4:In the 1800s many travelers died in Death Valley because of ______.
A．illnessB．high temperature
C．cold weatherD．poisonous water
小題5:In the desert, animals will die ______.
A．if they move aboutB．if they cannot make holes underground
C．if they come out at nightD．if they drink much water

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