We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells —but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)？Shouldn’t we know who they are?
Joan Mclean think so. In fact, Mclean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she’s developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who” invented “what”, however, Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and ”how” questions. According to Mclean,” When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”
So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn’t be a built-in device for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever(操作桿)on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper.    
Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations，It’s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan’s traffic light. It’s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible, Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?
小題1:By mentioning “traffic light” and “windshield wiper”, the author indicates that countless inventions are      .
A．beneficial, because their inventors are famous
B．beneficial, though their inventors are less famous
C．not useful, because their inventors are less famous
D．not useful, though their inventors are famous
小題2:Professor Joan McLean’s course aims to_____.
A．a(chǎn)dd colour and variety to students’ campus life
B．inform students of the windshield wiper’s invention
C．carry out the requirements by Mountain University
D．prepare students to try their own invention
小題3:Tommy Lee’s invention of the unbreakable umbrella was _________.
A．not eventually accepted by the umbrella producer
B．inspired by the story behind the windshield wiper
C．due to his dream of being caught in a rainstorm
D．not related to Professor Joan McLean’s lectures
小題4:Which 0f the following can best serve as the title of this passage?
A  How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers?
B  How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window?
C  Shouldn’t We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper?
D  Shouldn’t We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?  

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:B
小題4:C

小題1:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容結(jié)合下文可推斷，作者提到交通信號(hào)燈、雨刮器等發(fā)明，是想說(shuō)無(wú)數(shù)的發(fā)明對(duì)人類十分有益，雖然它們的發(fā)明者沒(méi)有太大的名氣。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，John McLean教授開(kāi)設(shè)這門課程的目的就是讓學(xué)生有足夠的準(zhǔn)備去嘗試自己發(fā)明東西。
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，Tommy Lee發(fā)明的“不會(huì)折斷的雨傘”就是受到了雨刮器背后的故事的激勵(lì)。
小題4:主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章的第一段就是主題段，特別是第一段最后一句充分體現(xiàn)了作者想要表達(dá)的心聲，接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容都是圍繞第一段展開(kāi)并為第一段服務(wù)的。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Which are you more likely to have wath you at sny given mement—your cell phone or your wallet? Soon you may be able to throw your wallet away and pay for things with a quick wave of your smart phone over an electroue scannet.
In January, Starbucks announced that customers could start using their phones to buy coffee in 6,800 of its states. This is the first pay-by-phone practice in the U.S., but we’re likely to see more witeless payment alternatives as something called ucar field communcation(NFC)GETS IN TO America’s consumet electanies. Last Deccmbet some new smart phanes which cantain an NFC chip were introduced to the public.
Already in use in part of Asia and Europe, NFC allows shoppers to wave theie phones a few inchs above a payment terminal-a contact-free system build for speed and convenience.  plan a few incees live a payment tetminal a one a few ptaht need to be worked out, like who will get to collect the profitable trunsacian(交易)fees. Although some credit card providers have been experimenting with wave and pay systems that use NFC enabled credit cards, cellphone service providers truay try to mused their way into the point of sale (POS)market. Three big cell phone service providers have formed a joinf tenture(合資企業(yè))that will go into opention over the next 15 months. Its goal is“to lead the U.S. payments industry from cards to mobile phone.”
The other big NFC sue, apart from how paymeats will be processed, is security, For instance, what’s to stop a thief from digitally pickpocketing you? “We’re still not at the point where an attacker can just brush against yee in a crowd and steal all the money out of your phone,”says Jimmy Shah. A mobile security rescarcher, “Usera may also be able to set transaction timeits,requiring a password to be enteced for larger putchases.
Bussiness? Keep in mund you lost your smart phone, it can be located on a located on a map and remotely disabled. Plus, your phone can be password protected, Your wallet isn’t.
小題1:What is predicted to happen in the U.S.?
A．The expansion of cellphone companices.
B．The boom of pay by phone business.
C．The dissppearanceof credit cards.
D．The increase of Starbucks sales.s
小題2:The NFC technology can be used to________.
A．ensure the safety of shoppers
B．collect transaction fees easily
C．make purchase faster and smpler
D．improve the quality of cellphones
小題3:Three cellphone service providers form a joint venture to__________.
A．strengthen their relationship
B．get a share in the payments industry
C．sell more cellphones
D．test the NFC teehnoingy
小題4:According to the what can users do if they lose their smart phones?
A．Stop the luneting of niet phones.
B．Stop a passwant.
C．Cat all the money out of their phones.
D．Can large purchases.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A few years ago I was on a bicycle trip when I got off my bike for a rest. I sat down on the grass. A few seconds later, I was covered in ants. They were swarming all over me so I got up and brushed them off. It was a strange experience but I soon forgot about it.
A couple of years later, I was living in Jordan. I had just moved into a modern flat and was unpacking plates when I saw something move out of the corner of my eye. I looked over at the kitchen drawer and there was a cockroach(蟑螂)crawling out of it. I screamed. Then I grabbed a can of insecticide and sprayed it on the cockroach. He ran under the nearby bathroom door. It took me three days before I found the courage to open the bathroom door to see if he was still alive. He wasn’t.
Why did I react so violently to one lone insect when a closer encounter with hundreds of ants hardly affected me? The answer is easy: because cockroaches are creepy(令人毛骨悚然的) crawlies and ants aren’t. Creepy crawlies are those little bugs which cause feelings such as anxiety - they make your skin crawl.
Did you know that some people feel such a fear of bugs that it becomes a phobia(恐懼癥)? Psychologists have offered many explanations. Some say we associate them with dirt and disease. Or that these are life forms that are so alien to us, that we find them disgusting for their dissimilarity.
Insects, however, don’t follow our rules - they just do what they want and invade our space. Unfortunately, although insects and bugs have been a successful animal species up to now, many of them, like many other species nowadays, are under threat of dying out. Entomologistswarn that this could upset entire ecosystems and lead to all kinds of disastrous consequences.
So my advice to you is: the next time you feel the urge to stamp on, splatter or spray a creepy crawly, give a thought to the planet and stop.
小題1:.. Why did the author mention the ants in the beginning?
A．Because the experience with the ants presents a sharp contrast to that with the cockroach later.
B．Because the author wants to show her preference to the ants and her dislike for the cockroaches.
C．Because both ants and cockroaches are creepy crawlies that the author dislikes.
D．Because meeting the ants is an unusual experience that the author can hardly forget.
小題2:. The underlined word “insecticide” in Paragraph 2 probably means         .
A．a(chǎn) kind of fruit juice B．a(chǎn) kitchen knife
C．liquid for killing insectsD．cleanser (洗滌劑)for the bathroom
小題3:. How does the author feel about bugs like cockroaches?
A．The author doesn’t mind the contact with those harmless small creatures.
B．The author prefers cockroaches to ants and feels guilty for killing one.
C．They invade our space and become a threat to humans.
D．They still deserve a place for keeping the balance of the nature.
小題4:. Which of the following statements about bugs is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Some people may be frightened so much by bugs that it leads to a psychological barrier to some degree.
B．The earth will have a better and cleaner environment if more creepy crawlies are killed.
C．Many bugs are in danger of dying out so we should not kill them due to fear or disgust.
D．Some bugs are extremely unpleasant that some people have a strong wish to destroy them.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It’s always great to hear news about wildlife returning to where they once lived. For the first time in 8 years the small blue --- British’s smallest butterfly--- has been seen back at a nature reserve in Hertfordshire.
This nature reserve has had a lot of work done recently in order to help butterflies. Management of the land has included bringing in sheep to keep the grass under control in a more natural way and planting wild flowers for butterfly species. The nature reserve is home to a number of butterfly species. In fact the way that this reserve has been managed means that it is probably the best reserve in Hertfordshire to see butterflies with at least 25 species now living in the area.
There are a number of threats to British butterflies and the greatest threat is the loss of their habitat. Changing farming practice has affected British native butterfly species greatly with many more now being at risk. Butterflies are such an excellent species that they can clearly tell the situation of local environment because they are easily influenced by environmental changes, A wide species of butterflies will generally mean a healthy environment.
The type of land management at the nature reserve in Hertfordshire offers a hope for many species of butterfly to live as usual. Butterflies need all the help they can get at the moment. Although the number of butterflies is beginning to increase, many are still at risk.
小題1:What has the nature reserve done to help butterflies return ?
a. changing the reserve place     b. bringing in sheep
c. planting wild flowers         d. changing farming practice
A．a(chǎn).bB．c,dC．a(chǎn),dD．b,c
小題2:Why did the butterflies fly away eight years ago？
A．The weather is changingB．The flowers have died out
C．Their habitat has been lost.D．The environment has changed
小題3:What can we infer from the passage?
A．The environment has changed healthier a lot than before.
B．All the butterflies have returned to the reserve.
C．There is no threat to the British butterflies.
D．Over 25 species is living in the reserve now.
小題4:What does the underlined sentence mean?
A．The butterflies changed as the environment changed.
B．Butterflies are very beautiful.
C．Butterflies are sensitive to the environment the live.
D．Butterflies can tell us what is happening.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Like distance runners on a measured course, all of us will move through time in a roughly predictable pattern.
In the first stage of our lives, we develop and grow, reaching toward the top of physical vitality (活力,生氣).
After we grow up, however, the body begins a process of gradually wearing out.
A new awareness of physical fitness may help lengthen our years of health and vitality, yet nothing we do will work to stop the unavoidable force of aging.
Most of the changes of aging take place deep inside the body. The lungs become less able to take in oxygen. Powerful muscles gradually lose their strength. The heart loses power and pumps less blood. Bones grow easier to break.
Finally, we meet a stress, a stress that is greater than our physical resistance. Often, it is only a minor accident or chance infection (a disease caused by virus), but this time, it brings life to an end.
In 1932, a classic experiment nearly doubled the lifetime of rats, simply by cutting back the calories in their diet. The reason for the effect was then unknown.
Today, at the University of California at Berkley, Dr. Paul Seagle has also greatly lengthened the normal lifetime of rats. The result was achieved through a special protein limited diet, which had a great effect on the chemistry of the brain. Seagle showed that within the brain, specific chemicals control many of the signals that influence aging. By changing that chemical balance, the clock of aging can be reset.
For the first time, the mystery of why we age is being seriously challenged. Scientists in many fields are now making striking and far-reaching discoveries.
An average lifetime lasts 75 years, yet in each of us lies a potential for a longer life. If we could keep the vitality and resistance to disease that we have at age twenty, we would live for 800 years.
小題1: What does the underlined word “it” refer to?
A．Physical vitality.B．Stress. C．Aging.D．Physical resistance.
小題2:Which of the following is not a change of aging?
A．The lungs become unable to take in oxygen.
B．People gradually lose their muscle strength.
C．The heart loses power and pumps less blood.
D．Bones tend to break more easily.
小題3: The author believes the following except that ________.
A．human’s life pattern is predictable
B．physical fitness can’t stop the force of aging
C．human’s lifetime will last longer than 75 years
D．a(chǎn)ll of the changes of aging take place deep inside the body
小題4:How did Dr. Paul Seagle lengthen the lifetime of rats in his experiment?
A．By limiting the protein in their diet.B．By cutting the calories in their diet.
C．By resetting their clock of aging.D．By keeping their physical fitness.
小題5: What is probably the best title for the article?
A．Two Great ExperimentsB．The Mystery of Human Life
C．Ways to lengthen Human LifeD．The Breakthrough in the Study of Aging

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

For a writer, there is hardly any greater honor than winning the Nobel Prize for literature.
And for a woman writer, claiming the prize is even harder, for only eight women once won it. Austria’s Elfriede Jelinek is the ninth and the first since 1996.
The Stockholm-based Swedish Academy announced last Thursday that Jelinek won this year’s Nobel Prize in literature. She is recognized for her socially critical(批判的) novels and plays.
Jelinek, 57, made her literary debut (初次露面) in 1967. She has written plays, novels and poetry. She is best known for her autobiographical 1983 novel “The Piano Teacher”, made into a movie in 2001.
The basic theme of her work is the inability of women to live as people beyond the roles and personalities traditionally expected of them. Her characters struggle to lead lives not normally acceptable in society. “The nature of Jelinek’s texts is often hard to define. They shift between prose(散文) and poetry and songs, they contain theatrical scenes and film script,” said the academy.
The Nobel Prize was founded by Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel. Nobel died in 1896 and left his fortune of about US $920 million to a fund to honor people who have helped other human beings. This year each prize is worth US $13 million.
小題1: The underlined word “them” in the last second paragraph refers to _______.
A．rolesB．peopleC．textsD．women
小題2:Elfrede Jelinek won the Nobel Prize just because _______.
A．she was an Austrian woman writer
B．she wrote socially critical novels and plays
C．her novel “The Piano Teacher” was made into a movie
D．the nature of her texts is hard to define.
小題3: Which of the following about the Nobel Prize is TRUE?
A．It is harder for a woman writer to win than a man writer.
B．The total prize every year was $920 million.
C．Women writers were not awarded until 1996.
D．Only eight women writers won the prize since 1996.
小題4:This passage is most likely taken from _______.
A．a(chǎn) travel magazineB．a(chǎn) history bookC．a(chǎn) newspaperD．a(chǎn)n advertisement

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Studies show that walking several times a week can lower, or reduce, the danger of many diseases. Walking also can help you lose weight.
Fast walking is good for the heart. It lowers the blood pressure. Researchers say walking can reduce the danger of suffering a heart attack by as much as fifty percent.
Studies have shown that walking for thirty minutes a day can delay and possibly prevent the development of Type Two Diabetes. It can prevent diabetes among people who are overweight and at danger for the disease.
Studies show that women who walk and take calcium reduce their danger of thinning of the bones. Walking also helps lower the pain of arthritis in areas where bones are joined by strengthening the muscles around the bones.
Walking several times a week is a good way to control your weight and even lose body fat. Studies show it also helps lower feelings of sadness.
Experts say walking is one of the safest ways to exercise. There is a low danger of injuries. So it is good for people who are starting an exercise program for the first time and for older people.
A walking program is easy to start. You should wear loose clothes and good shoes. Shoes designed for walking are best.
How fast should you walk?  You should be breathing hard while you are walking. Yet, you should be able to
talk.
Let your arms move back and forward at your sides while you walk.
小題1:The title of the passage probably is ______.
A．WalkingB．Feelings of SadnessC．WeightD．Diseases
小題2:“Walking is one of the safest ways to exercise” means ______.
A．walking is easy to startB．there’s a low danger of injuries
C．walking is good for heart D．walking can prevent the development of diseases
小題3:Walking helps reduce the following EXCEPT_________.
A．the danger of many diseases B．weightC．sad feelingsD．money for shoes
小題4:According to the passage, walking ________.
A．is the safest way to all of the peopleB．is a good way to reduce the danger of many diseases
C．can cure the disease of heart attackD．can help put on weight

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Learning to play a musical instrument can change your brain, with a US review finding musical training can lead to improved speech and foreign language skills.
Although it was suggested in the past that listening to Mozart’s music or other classical music could make you smarter, there has been little evidence to show that music can boost(使增長(zhǎng)) brain power.
But a data-driven review by Northwestern University has pulled reaserch together that links musical training to learning that spills over into (波及) skills including language, speech, memory, attention and even vocal emotion.
Researcher Nina Kraus said the data strongly suggested that the nervous connections made during musical training also prepared the brain for other aspects of human communication.
“ The effect of musical training suggests that, like physical exercise and its effect on body fitness, music is a resource that tones the brain for auditory fitness and thus requires society to re-examine the role of music in shaping individual development, ” the researchers said in their study.
Kraus said learning musical sounds could improve the brain’s ability to adapt and change and also enable the nervous system to provide constructing patterns that are important to learning.
The study, published in Nature Review Neuroscience , looked at the explosion of research in recent years focusing on the effect of musical training on the nervous system which could have impacts for education.
The study found that playing an instrument prepares the brain to choose what is related in a complex process that may involve reading or remembering a score, timing issues and coordination with other musicians.
小題1:What is the text mainly about ?
A．The effect of physical exercise.B．The researcher named Kraus.
C．The benefit of musical training.D．Musicians’ improved skills.
小題2:The underlined word “ auditory ” in Paragraph 5 probably means “ __________”.
A．of the bodyB．connected with seeing
C．of the mindD．connected with hearing
小題3:It was believed but not proved that listening to classical music could __________.
A．a(chǎn)dd to your intelligenceB．improve your speech
C．boost your memoryD．make you think faster
小題4:According to Kraus, musical training contributes to the following EXCEPT __________.
A．body fitnessB．the way to speak
C．langugage learningD．mental concentration

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Nowadays, there’s a lot of debate about single sex education since it has begun to regain its popularity recently. According to long term studies of children from around the world, students achieve more and learn better in single sex schools.
An Australian study of 270,000 students found that both boys and girls performed much higher on standardized(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化) tests when they attended separate schools. During an experiment in Virginia in 1995, 100 eighth graders were separated just for math and science courses. Almost immediately, the girls began to achieve more, become more confident and take part more often in class activities.
In 2001, a British study concluded that nearly every girl regardless of (不論) her ability or socio-economic status performed better in single sex classrooms than co-ed ones. The study of 2,954 high schools and 979 primary schools showed that while boys at the lowest levels in study improved the most in single sex schools, single sex education was particularly beneficial (有益的) to girls. Every one of the top 50 private elementary schools and top 20 private high schools in Britain are single sex schools.
Girls became more confident in themselves as students and earned higher scores on their College Board and Advanced Placement examinations. A quarter of the female members of the US Congress and one-third of all female members of Fortune 100 boards graduated from all-women’s colleges.
While the statistics are not as dramatic for boys, however, boys tend to soften their competitive edge and become more cooperative in a single sex setting. They can just be boys and not worry about what the girls might think.
Single sex education has a pleasant way of encouraging children to be fearless, to be curious, to be enthusiastic --- in short, to just be themselves. Children are subjected (屈從于) to pressures from every quarter to become adults before they are ready to do so. They grow up too quickly. Why not let them be children for a few more years? Single sex education with its gentler, more controlled social atmosphere is just the right answer for many children.
小題1:   With the experiment in Virginia in 1995, the writer wants to show that        .
A．single sex education has become popular in recent years
B．the effect of single sex education on girls is immediate
C．students at separate schools are better prepared for standardized tests
D．both boy and girl students achieve more and learn better in single sex schools
小題2:According to the article, which of the following statements about single sex education is TRUE?
A．Girls’ performances in single sex classrooms are determined by their ability and socioeconomic status.
B．In all-boys schools boys with the worst academic performances improved the most.
C．Single sex education was particularly helpful for boys.
D．There are more single sex schools than co-ed schools in Britain.
小題3:   In the article, the underlined phrase “soften their competitive edge” probably means        .
A．a(chǎn)ct in a kindly mannerB．become less competitive
C．lose interest in somethingD．take advantage of something
小題4:   What is the main point of the article?
A．Ways to reduce pressure and help children grow.
B．The reason why girls perform better than boys at school.
C．The advantage of single sex education.
D．The development of single sex education in different countries.

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