Are some people born clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough, the answer to both questions is yes.To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.
It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random (隨意地) from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that integigence depends on birth.
Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates (表明) that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who lives in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.
小題1:Which of the following best describes the writer’s point in Paragraph One?
A．To some extent, intelligence is given at birth.
B．Intelligence is developed by the environment.
C．Some people are born clever and others born stupid.
D．Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment.
小題2:In the first paragraph,“no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence” suggests that       .
A．no environment can change the least able into the most able
B．the difference in men’s intelligence depends on the amount of their education
C．if a person is born clever, he is certain to be a genius
D．if a person is born stupid, nothing can change him into an educated person
小題3:The last paragraph mainly shows       .
A．the importance of education
B．the relationship between environment and birth
C．the writer’s final conclusion
D．the relationship between intelligence and environment
小題4:The best title for this passage would be       .
A．Dependence on EducationB．Intelligence
C．SurroundingsD．Effect of Education
小題5:Which statement about the passage is true?
A．All twins have similar degrees of intelligence.
B．A man who is educated in university must make greater achievements than a man who works in a boring factory.
C．Proper education can change one’s intelligence at some degree.
D．Education can’t make a child born with low intelligence cleverer.

小題1:D           
小題1:A
小題1:D
小題1:B
小題1:C
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)短文后的要求答題（請(qǐng)注意問題后的字?jǐn)?shù)要求）。
[1]Global difference in intelligence is a sensitive topic, long filled with a large number of different opinions. But recent data has indeed shown cognitive (認(rèn)知的) ability to be higher in some countries than in others. What's more, IQ scores have risen as nations develop—a phenomenon known as the "Flynn effect". Many causes have been put forward for both the intelligence difference and the Flynn effect, including education, income, and even non-agricultural labor. Now, a new study from researchers at the University of New Mexico offers another interesting theory: intelligence may be linked to infectious-disease rates.
　　[2]The brain, say author Christopher Eppig and his colleagues, is the "most costly organ in the human body". Brainpower consumes almost up to 90 percent of a newborn's energy. It's clear that if something affects energy intake while the brain is growing, the impact could be long and serious. And for vast parts of the globe, the biggest threat to a child's body—and therefore brain—is parasitic (由寄生蟲引起的) infection. These illnesses threaten brain development________________. They can directly attack live tissue, which the body must then try every means to replace. They can invade the digestive pipe and block nutritional intake. They can rob the body's cells for their own reproduction. And then there's the energy channeled (輸送) to the immune system to fight the infection.
　　[3]Using data on national "disease burdens" (life years lost due to infectious diseases) and average intelligence scores, the authors found they are closely associated. The countries with the lowest average IQ scores have the highest disease burdens without exception. On the contrary, nations with low disease burdens top the IQ list.
　　[4]If the study holds water, it could be revolutionary for our understanding of the still-confusing variation in national intelligence scores.
小題1:What is the main idea of the text？(no more than 10 words)________________________
小題2:Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 4 words)
　　Those countries that have the ________________ are always at the bottom of the  IQ list.
小題3:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 5 words)
___________                                                                
小題4:What can cause intelligence difference？(no more than 8 words)
　　________________________________________________________________________
小題5:What does the word "they" (Line 2, Paragraph 3) probably refer to？(no more than 8 words)
________________________________________________________________________

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of out brains are not getting enough exercise, and as a result, we are growing old unnecessarily soon.
Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why quite healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a rather early age, and how the speed of getting old could be slowed down.
With a team of researchers at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain sizes of a thousand people of different ages with different jobs.
Computer technology helped the researchers to get most exact measurements of the sizes of the front and side parts of the brain, which have something to do with thinking and feeling, and decide the human character. As we all know, the back part of the brain, which controls task like eating and breathing, does not contract(萎縮) with age.
Contraction of front and side parts, as cells(細(xì)胞) die off, was seen in some people in their thirties, but it was still not found in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.
Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to prevent the contraction---using the head.
The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than those in the towns. Those with least possibility, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White-collar workers doing the same work day after day in government offices are, however, as possible to have contracting brains as the farm workers, bus drivers and shop assistants.
小題1: The team of doctors wanted to find out ____.
A．a(chǎn)t what point people grow live longer.
B．how to make people live longer
C．the size of certain people’s brains.
D．which group of people are the busiest
小題2:Their research findings are based on ______.c
A．a(chǎn)n examination of farmers in northern Japan
B．using computer technology
C．examining the brain sizes of different people
D．tests given a thousand old people
小題3:The doctor’s tests show that ______.
A．our brains contract as we grow older
B．one part of the brain does not contract
C．sixty-year-olds have better brains than thirty-year-olds
D．contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country
小題4: According to the article, _____ are growing mentally old earlier.
A．engineersB．office clerksC．professorsD．researchers
小題5:The most possible conclusion of the article is that ____.
A．most of us should take more exercise
B．it’s better to live in the towns
C．the brain contracts if it is not used
D．the more one uses his brain, the sooner he becomes old

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

  Drawings of human colonies on other planets often picture the entire community under a glass or plastic bubble. The bubble is intended to create an atmosphere with adequate oxygen and other essential elements. But similar bubble-like structures have also been constructed on earth. One of the most famous, and controversial, is a site in the Arizona desert.
Biosphere 2, as it is called, was built not far from Tucson in 1984 and is now run by Columbia University. This huge（7,200,000-cubic-foot）glass and steel construction contains several separate ecosystems, including a desert, a rain forest, and a 900,000-gallon “ocean.” The climatic conditions-humidity, temperature, air quality-are regulated by sensors and can be adjusted as needed or desired. For example, a rainstorm can be created to increase the humidity. The adjustable features of Biosphere 2 make it an ideal location to perform experiments to help determine the effects of such climatic changes as global warming.
The current conditions at Biosphere 2 are vastly different from those in 1993, when eight people who had moved into the environment with great fanfare two years earlier moved out in failure. Though promising to be self-sufficient（自足的）, these “colonists” had so much trouble regulating the environment that they reportedly had food smuggled into them. Oxygen levels became dangerously low; most plants and animals died. In taking over the unsuccessful site, Columbia hopes to erase its notorious past by focusing on small research projects that gradually answer some of Biosphere 1’s — that is, Earth’s most basic environment questions.
小題1:This passage primarily deals with _________.
A．conditions of life in Biosphere 2
B．building controlled environments on other planets
C．why Biosphere 2 failed in the past
D．what makes a good biosphere colonist
小題2:Biosphere 2 is now run by _________.
A．a(chǎn) group of eight colonists
B．Columbia University
C．the city of Tucson
D．scientists who hope to establish Biosphere 3
小題3:The passage suggests that earlier colonists of Biosphere 2 _________.
A．did not like living in a controlled environment
B．found it very difficult to live in a controlled environment
C．still are involved with Biosphere 2
D．have now left the country in disgrace
小題4:The writer helps you understand what Biosphere 2 is like by _________.
A．comparing its features with those of an outer space biosphere
B．explaining the process by which it was constructed
C．referring to an interview with one of former inhabitants
D．describing its appearance and conditions
小題5:In paragraph 3 the word “notorious” means _________.
A．well known for something goodB．well known for something bad
C．very dangerousD．quite interesting

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Most schools forbid chewing gum, but in a few years they might consider changing that rule. Why? Scientists are finding evidence that gum chewing may be good for your health. It may even help improve your test scores.
This exciting research is just beginning. And in the meantime, companies are also experimenting with adding vitamins, minerals, medicines, and other substances that could give gum the power to cure headaches and fight everything from serious diseases to bad breath.
Other researchers are finding that gum might work better than a pill to deliver medicines and other substances into the bloodstream. That’s because the lining (膜) of our cheeks can absorb certain substances more quickly than our stomachs and intestines (腸) can.
That discovery could help other researchers develop medicine-containing gums that fight colds, ease headaches, battle nervousness, and more. Scientists might even create antimicrobial (抗菌的) gums that cure bad breath.
Those projects may take years, but gum scientists have already had at least one recent success: They’ve created a gum that could help us stay awake.
Researchers have produced a gum called Stay Alert. Each stick has as much caffeine as a cup of coffee. It can take an hour for the caffeine in coffee to have its full effect, but the caffeine in Stay Alert hits in just a few minutes.
The gum is easy to transport and it’s stable in cold and hot climates. Unlike a pill, it doesn’t require water to swallow. Those qualities make it easy for soldiers to use.
For now, Stay Alert is available only to the military (軍隊(duì)). The manufacturer may one day offer it for sale to the public. People who work at night, such as truck drivers and medical personnel who ride in ambulances, might benefit from a product like Stay Alert.
小題1: The passage mainly talks about _____.
A．the rule of forbidding chewing gum in school
B．new research on chewing gum
C．different kinds of chewing gum
D．the relationship between chewing gum and medicine
小題2: What does the underlined word “hits” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?
A．Touches.B．Attacks.C．Takes effect.D．Affects badly.
小題3:According to the passage, Stay Alert is a gum which can help people _____.
A．stay awakeB．fight colds
C．cure headachesD．overcome nervousness
小題4: It can be inferred from the passage that _____.
A．stay Alert is not easy to store
B．stay Alert needs water to swallow
C．stay Alert is available to the public now
D．we can’t buy gums that cure bad breath now

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Before a new type of airplane goes into service, every part of it is tested again and again. But there are two tests that are more important than all the others.
The first is called the " tank(貯水池) test". A modem airplane must fly very high in the sky. Air must be pumped into the plane so that the passengers can breathe. The metal structure (結(jié)構(gòu))of the plane has to be very strong for this reason. When the plane is filled with air, the air presses against the skin of the plane inside. The pressure (壓力) on a small window is like a huge foot that is try­ing to get out. If a small part of the plane were to fail, the plane would explode (爆炸)in the sky. To test the structure of the plane, the plane is lowered into a huge tank or container of water. Then it is filled with air.  The pressure inside the plane is greater than it ever will be when it is high up in the air. Finally, there is an explosion. This does not cause so much damage inside the water tank as it would anywhere else. Engineers can discover which part of the plane has broken. Then that part is made stronger. 
The most dangerous test happens when the new plane is going through test flights in the air. The pilot must find out exactly what happens when the engines (發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)) are all shut off at once. The plane begins to fall like a stone. It is the pilot’s job to find out how he can get control of the plane again. These two tests are examples of how planes are made safe before they ever carry passengers.
小題1:By doing the "tank test", the engineers can find out _______.
A．the amount of air in the planeB．the strength of the plane structure
C．the pressure inside and outside the planeD．the power of the airplane engines
小題2:What will happen to the plane under the "tank test"?
A．It will be broken.B．It will be made stronger.
C．It will be filled with water.D．It will be tested by pilots,
小題3:According to the text, why are test flights most dangerous?
A．The plane may explode in the air.B．The pilot may lose control of the plane.
C．The engines may be damaged.D．Too much air may get into the plane.
小題4:What might be the most suitable title for the text?
A．Two Important Tests on Airplanes B．The Importance of Flying Safely
C．The Danger of Testing Airplanes D．How Airplanes Are Made and Tested

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Cities in Europe and around the world may be growing “bike trees” in the near future. Invented by Japan’s JFE Engineering Corp, the invention proved useful in the busiest parts of this nation’s crowded cities.
Local governments of Japan have struggled for ways to encourage people to park their bikes considerably, particularly close to big stations, but that may block some roads and entrances to homes and businesses. “Our cities do not have a lot of space for any kind of parking, including bicycles.” said Mitsuharu Oshima, a spokesman for JFE Engineering. The bike tree comes in two types: one in a tower that is above ground and on the contrary, the other in an underground structure.
A cyclist registers with the operator of the equipment, pays a monthly fee and pushes the wheels of his bicycle into restraints(管理處) at the base of the bike tree. Each bicycle is fitted with an electronic card with the owner’s details. A mechanical arm then pulls the bike into the base of the tower and moves it to a free location inside. To collect the bike later, the cyclist puts his card through a reader and his bike is automatically returned to him in seconds. “The science of the equipment has been difficult —— even though they may look quite simple —— because bikes come in many different shapes and sizes.” said Oshima.
As well as clearing away the road, bicycles cannot be stolen from a bike tree. There are presently versions at seven sites in Japan and two others are under construction, while work is under way on an even larger version —— with room for 9400 bicycles —— in Thailand. And Oshima believes that the idea could catch on in Europe, particularly in countries such as France, Holland and Denmark , where cycling is so popular.
小題1: Cities build this kind of “bike trees” so that they can _______.
A．a(chǎn)sk more people to ride bikesB．provide more jobs for people
C．make more money than beforeD．save more room for people
小題2:Which is the right order of the following things when you use the bike tree?
① the wheels of the bicycle are put into restraints at the base .
② the card is read and the bike is automatically returned .
③ an electronic card with the owner’s details is given
④ the bike is pulled and moved to a free location inside .
A．③②①④B．③①④②C．②①④③D．②④③①
小題3: What made it difficult to design “bike trees”?
A．The location of “bike trees”.B．The method of finding enough bikes.
C．The differences of the bikes.D．The importance of traffic safety
小題4: From the passage, we can know that _______.
A．countries with many cyclists in Europe will like the idea of “bike trees”
B．there are seven “bike trees” used for holding bikes in Japan
C．local government of Japan encourage people to ride bikes
D．cyclists can use “bike trees” for free in Japan.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The Future of Education
David Kelly, founder of the Design School Stanford, said, “In the classroom of the future, education will be custom-made for each student. Every child will have a laptop programmed for his or her learning style and speed. At the same time, more students will go out into the community to learn from business owners. And you’ll see more retirees in the schools as teachers.”
A New Way to Pay
Turn your cell phone into a “mobile wallet” and speed through the checkout line. With a smart phone that uses the same technology as “tap and go” cards, you’ll be able to access your financial data fast. You can select a credit or debit card（借記卡）from the screen, and then tap the phone on the checkout console（操縱臺(tái)；控制臺(tái)）.
High-Tech Guitar
A 26-year-old Australian designer has invented a brand-new way to be a rock star. The Misa Digital Guitar’s fret board looks like a traditional six-string’s but with no strings attached. There’s a touch pad （墊）where the sound hole normally is, and instead of plucking strings,（彈弦） you tap, drag, or brush the pad to “play” the instrument electronically.
The Future of Phones
Jason Chen, editor of the website gizmodo.com, makes his prediction. “Data connections will get even faster, and you’ll be linked to your environment by cell phone. Fcr example, when you go on vacation, you can point your phone at a monument（紀(jì)念碑） and it will give you information about what you’re looking at.’
Needle-Free Vaccines（無針接種）
Boston University researchers are working on a new method of inoculation（接種）—no injection necessary. A mild electrical charge from a small device, shaped like a gun, is used to drive the particles（粒子） into the body. The new idea beats the old needle method.
小題1:The passage mentions the following EXPECT        .
A．paymentB．medicineC．educationD．music instrument
小題2:What can we learn from the text?
A．Even a man with no music knowledge can be a rock star in the future.
B．Students should go out into the community to learn from business owners instead of staying at school to learn from books.
C．We can carry no cash while shopping in the future.
D．We can feel more pain with the method of inoculation.
小題3:In which column can we read the passage?
A．Entertainment.B．Production.
C．Technology. D．Work.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Some of the planet’s most precious animals and plants are disappearing, according to the World Conservation Union (IUCN). The group, based in Switzerland, works with governments and experts to protect threatened species. On September 12, the IUCN released its Red List, a list of species at greatest risk of extinction.
The list includes 41,415 animals and plants. The IUCN says that habitat destruction, hunting and other causes threaten one in four mammals, one in eight birds and one in three amphibians(兩棲動(dòng)物).
Who is to blame?
Scientists believe that 99 percent of threatened species are at risk because of human activity. “We are losing animals and plants at a high rate,” says Julia Marton-LefEevre, director general of the IUCN. “We need to change our behavior.” Warmer oceans and over-fishing are changing sea life. This year for the first time corals(珊瑚) made their appearance on the list. The gharial, a crocodile living in India and Nepal, has lost almost 60 percent of its population in the last 10 years. It is a victim（受害者）of habitat destruction.
Still, the news is not all bad. Thanks to efforts made to protect it, the Mauritius echo parakeet, a bird once endangered, has seen an increase in its population. “This shows that protection methods can work,” says Marton-LefEevre. “That’s the message we want to send to young people.”
In China the new reserve（保護(hù)區(qū)）itself is part of green efforts that have seen more than 2,400 nature reserves of various kinds being set up, covering more than 15 percent of the nation's land area, official figures showed.
"The country's natural resources(資源) have benefited from conservation," said Lei Guangchun, director of the nature reserve department of Beijing Forestry University. "It is a big increase nowadays compared with other countries." Lei said.
The total areas of China’s natural reserves have covered 1.38 million km2, which accounts for 15.4% of China’s area, higher than both the world average（平均水平） of 11% and the rate in most developed countries.
Li Zhong, an official in charge of the nature reserves office with the State Forestry Administration, thought it was important to increase investment（投資） in such reserves at all levels.
小題1:What do we know about the IUCN?
A．A union for listing animals and plants on the earth
B．A group of volunteers who are interested in wildlife
C．An organization concerning the protection of rare species' survival
D．A government made up officials, scientists and experts
小題2: What can be concluded from the passage?  
A．All the protection methods can’t work.
B．The IUCN does most of the protection.
C．The efforts China makes has paid off.
D．Enough is done in wildlife protection.
小題3:Which of the following is not the cause of the disappearance of the animals?
A．Bad weatherB．Over-hunting C．Warmer oceansD．Habitat destruction
小題4:Which of the sentence is NOT true?
A．China has been paying great attention to protecting the natural resources.
B．China has set up a lot of natural reserves.
C．The natural reserves in China cover more than 15 percent of the nation's land area.
D．The rate of China's natural reserves is lower than the average of the world.

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