假設(shè)你是高三學(xué)生劉珊，你校正在組織美國(guó)哥倫比亞大學(xué)（Columbia University）招生活動(dòng)，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)提示給你在美國(guó)的筆友Russ寫(xiě)一封信。

要點(diǎn)：

1. 通過(guò)校內(nèi)選拔考試 （selective test） 的同學(xué)將參加該著名大學(xué)于一月份組織的英語(yǔ)筆試、口試和面試；

2. 你本人對(duì)此很感興趣，正在積極備考；

3. 希望Russ給出一些有關(guān)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的建議。

注意： 1．詞數(shù)：100左右；

2．可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3．開(kāi)頭與結(jié)尾已為你寫(xiě)好,請(qǐng)不要重新抄寫(xiě)。

Dear Russ,

How is everything going?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Liu Shan

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You never see him, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you are going, how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book. They're known as the black box.

When planes fall from the sky, as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30, 2009, the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. So when a French submarine (潛水艇) detected the device's homing signal five days later, the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed.

In 1958, Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction. That was the first mode for a black box, which became a requirement on all U.S. commercial flights by 1960. Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane – the area least subject to impact – from its original position in the landing wells (起落架艙). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.

Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots' conversations, and a flight-data recorder, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft's final moments. Placed in an insulated ( 隔絕的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel, the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000℉. When submerged, they're also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft. Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they're still likely to turn up. In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years, only one plane's black boxes were never recovered.

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D. obey the international standards.

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B. There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructed.

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