An inventor seeks to create a new product that serves a specific need and fulfills a role that other products do not. Sometimes an inventor comes up with a wholly new idea, but more often inventions are simply improvements on an older design. With a little imagination and creativity (創(chuàng)造力), an old idea can suddenly become something new.
However, creating a new invention means much more than having a brilliant idea. A good designer follows the design process: identifying the challenge, researching and brainstorming ideas(集思廣益), designing a solution, testing and evaluating the ideas, and finally building the product. Designers also use science, math, technology, and engineering to design a tool that satisfies the need they identified.
Anyone can be an inventor —even kids! For example, Chester Greenwood was just fifteen years old when he invented a product that changed his life. In fact, his idea was so good that his invention supported him for the rest of his life. You may not know his name, but you probably know his invention —earmuffs (保暖耳罩)!
The inspiration for his earmuff design came to Chester when he was ice-skating. His ears were cold, and he decided to find a way to keep them warm. With the help of his grandmother, he made a new product to protect his ears and at the age of eighteen, Chester patented his earmuff design.
Many other famous inventors started young as well. Margaret Knight —the inventor of the flat-bottomed brown paper bag —is said to have created a safety device for textile looms(織布機(jī)) when she was just twelve years old. Another example is Thomas Edison, one of the greatest inventors in history, who applied for his first patent when he was just twenty-one years old. Over the course of his life, Thomas Edison patented a total of 1,093 inventions!
小題1: In most cases, an invention ________ according to the first paragraph.
A．comes from a complete new idea
B．is usually based on an old product or idea
C．will change its creator’s life completely
D．is created by scientists in different fields
小題2:The second paragraph mainly wants to tell us _______.
A．the difficulty in making a new invention
B．the common steps of creating new things
C．having a good idea is the key to creation
D．designing a tool is the first step in inventing
小題3:The example of Chester Greenwood is used to show that ________.
A．children can also invent something
B．it is easy even for children to make inventions
C．kids have more advantages in inventing things
D．to be an inventor is the best way to change one’s life
小題4:At first Chester designed his earmuffs in order to ________.
A．protect his ears while ice-skating
B．earn money to support his poor family
C．realize his dream of becoming an inventor
D．make himself look fashionable while ice-skating

小題1:B
小題1:B
小題1:A
小題1:A

小題1:根據(jù)but more often inventions are simply improvements on an older design.可知選B。
小題1:根據(jù)A good designer follows the design process:及下文描述可知選B。
小題1:根據(jù)Anyone can be an inventor —even kids! For example, Chester Greenwood was just fifteen years old when he invented a product that changed his life.可知選A。
小題1:根據(jù)The inspiration for his earmuff design came to Chester when he was ice-skating. His ears were cold, and he decided to find a way to keep them warm.可知選A。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

If you think English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?
According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.
The study also found the earlier people learn a second language, the greater the effect is.
A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, from University College London(UCL), took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals(通兩種語(yǔ)言的人)”, who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners.
Scans showed that grey matter density in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference was.
“Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language,” said the scientists.
It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.
Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and maths skills.
“Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible,” he said, “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.”
The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. Reading, writing and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the earlier they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists.
小題1: What does the underlined part “grey matter” (in Paragraph 2) refer to?
A．Grey hair.B．Material of the brain.
C．Intelligence.D．Difficult situations.
小題2: The experience of learning a second language can ________.
A．change one’s brain completelyB．improve one’s maths skills
C．make one smarter than othersD．increase the ability to learn
小題3:We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．the researchers from UCL did another study in Italy
B．a(chǎn) similar study was done on native Italian speakers who learn English as a second language
C．the research done on the Italians showed a totally different result
D．it will be easier for one to travel around the world by learning a second language
小題4:What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Learning a second language can help improve your brain power.
B．You should learn a second language that is not your native language.
C．If you want to learn a second language, you should do it at a certain age.
D．The research done by the researchers from UCL is very successful.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

完形填空 (共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分)
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
We often talk about ourselves as if we have permanent genetic defects (缺陷) that can never be changed. “I’m impatient.” “I’m always behind.” “I always put things   31 !” You’ve surely heard them. Maybe you’ve used them to describe   32 .
These comments may come from stories about us that have been   33  for years—often from   34  childhood. These stories may have no   35  in fact. But they can set low expectations for us. As a child, my mother said to me, “Marshall, you have no mechanical skills, and you will never have any mechanical skills for the rest of your life.” How did these expectations  36  my development? I was never   37  to work on cars or be around   38 . When I was 18, I took the US Army’s Mechanical Aptitude Test. My scores were in the bottom for the entire nation!
Six years later,   39 , I was at California University, working on my doctor’s degree. One of my professors, Dr. Bob Tannbaum, asked me to write down things I did well and things I couldn’t do. On the positive side, I   40  down, “research, writing, analysis, and speaking.” On the   41  side, I wrote, “I have no mechanical skills.”
Bob asked me how I knew I had no mechanical skills. I explained my life   42  and told him about my   43  performance on the Army test. Bob then asked, “  44  is it that you can solve   45  mathematical problems, but you can’t solve simple mechanical problems?”
Suddenly I realized that I didn’t  46  from some sort of genetic defect. I was just living out expectations that I had chosen to  47 . At that point, it wasn’t just my family and friends who had been  48  my belief that I was mechanically hopeless. And it wasn’t just the Army test, either. I was the one who kept telling myself, “You can’t do this!” I realized that as long as I kept saying that, it was going to remain true.   49  , if we don’t treat ourselves as if we have incurable genetic defects, we can do well in almost   50  we choose.
小題1:
A．a(chǎn)way B．offC．up D．down
小題2:
A．themB．myselfC．yourselfD．others
小題3:
A．saidB．spokenC．spreadD．repeated
小題4:
A．a(chǎn)s long asB．a(chǎn)s far back asC．a(chǎn)s well asD．a(chǎn)s much as
小題5:
A．basisB．plotC．causeD．meaning
小題6:
A．leadB．improveC．a(chǎn)ffectD．change
小題7:
A．encouraged B．demandedC．hopedD．a(chǎn)greed
小題8:
A．meansB．toolsC．goodsD．hammers
小題9:
A．thereforeB．somehowC．insteadD．however
小題10:
A．settledB．turnedC．tookD．got
小題11:
A．passiveB．a(chǎn)ctiveC．negativeD．subjective
小題12:
A．experiencesB．tripsC．roadsD．paths
小題13:
A．unexpectedB．poorC．excellentD．a(chǎn)verage
小題14:
A．WhenB．WhatC．How D．Why
小題15:
A．complexB．a(chǎn)dvancedC．common D．primary
小題16:
A．a(chǎn)riseB．separateC．sufferD．come
小題17:
A．believeB．suspectC．a(chǎn)doptD．receive
小題18:
A．weakeningB．strengtheningC．a(chǎn)bandoningD．a(chǎn)ccepting
小題19:
A．As a resultB．At the same timeC．In additionD．On the contrary
小題20:
A．a(chǎn)nything B．somethingC．nothingD．a(chǎn)ll

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

LONDON: What could possibly be wrong with planting trees? The benefits are obvious; they  firm the soil, soak up (攝取) extra water and take carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) out of the atmosphere.
However, it now turns out that planting trees could add to global warming.
Tree roots do a great job of keeping soil firmly on the ground and out of the wind’s power. The problem is that some of those dust clouds play an important part in taking in carbon dioxide.
Huge dust storms blow out over the oceans from dry parts of North Africa and central Asia. Tons of dust are lifted and left as a thin film over the ocean surface. The dust fuels oceanic life.
Dust from China is carried east and left in the Pacific Ocean. If a tree-planting programme there is successful and the dust supply reduced, the final result may be that less carbon dioxide gets locked away in the ocean.
Andy Ridgwell, an environmental scientist from the University of East Anglia, has spent the past few years studying dust and says his work “shows clearly the complexity of the system and the importance of not tinkering(粗劣地修補(bǔ)) with it without understanding the results. For this reason the need is to focus(集中) on cutting carbon dioxide giving off rather than monkeying (瞎弄) about with the land surface.”
An American scientist, Robert Jackson, has shown that when native grassland areas are invaded(侵入) by trees, carbon is lost from the soil. “We are studying why the soil carbon disappears, but one theory is that trees do a lot more of their growing above ground compared to grasses, so less carbon goes directly into the soil from trees, ” says Jackson.
In wet areas of the world, the gain from trees absorbing carbon dioxide above ground seems to be outweighed(超過) by the loss of carbon from the soil below ground. Countries that plan to combat global warming by planting trees may have to think again.
Solutions to environmental problems are often more complex than they first appear, and understanding the Earth’s climate is a very great challenge.
小題1:People usually hold the opinion that_____________.
A．huge dust storms can destroy carbon dioxide
B．huge dust storms can destroy the oceans on the earth
C．huge dust storms can’t do anything beneficial for man
D．planting trees is the only way to control huge dust storms
小題2: Andy Ridgwell, the environmental scientist, believes that_____________.
A．dust plays a more important part than trees
B．trees shouldn’t have been planted in dry places
C．carbon dioxide is harmful to everything on the earth
D．environmental problems are more complex than expected
小題3: Robert Jackson’s experiment proves that_____________.
A．grassland areas should be covered by forests
B．trees hold more carbon than grasses
C．carbon can turn grass into dust
D．less carbon can make trees grow faster

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Listening to a radio broadcast in a foreign language is difficult for many of us. We may have studied the language for several years, and are able to read it, perhaps even write in it. But listening and understanding the spoken language require special skills. Some people have a natural ability that helps them to learn a language quickly, while others must study for a long time. Everyone, however, can improve his or her listening skills with practice.
We are good listeners in our own language because we have had years of practice. We understand the grammar and the language. We know what to expect a person to say to us in almost any situation. We have been in similar situations many times, and we have heard it all before. We can understand it, even if we do not listen carefully.
But this is not true with a foreign language. We must listen with our full attention. And we must try not to let the cultural style of our language affect our understanding of the foreign language. Listening to a foreign language broadcast is easier if we know something about it. There are clues that can help us. One clue is the time of a day. Morning programs usually contain many short items of news, information or entertainment. The items are short because most of us are getting ready to go to work in the morning. Often we do not have time to listen to long programs. Evening programs are different. There is time for more details about the subjects discussed.
We can get a clue about the program from the music at the beginning, but we must be familiar with the music of the foreign culture. The kind of music—serious and slow, or fast and light—can tell us what kind of program to expect. The name of the program can give us good information about what it will contain.
Another good clue is the broadcaster. The more we listen to the same person, the easier it will be to understand him. His speaking style will become familiar to us. Further, the broadcaster provides clues to the organization of the broadcast at the beginning of the program. The broadcaster usually gives us the highlights of the program to prepare us for the details that will follow.
小題1:We are good listeners in our own language because ________.
A．we have a natural ability of learning languageB．our own language is much easier
C．we listen to our own language more carefullyD．we have practiced it for years
小題2: If you don’t have enough time, you can listen to ________.
A．evening programs B．programs with soft music
C．morning programs D．familiar programs
小題3:You can know the information of the program according to ________.
A．its music B．the broadcaster
C．its name D．the time of the program

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Teaching and research are supported by the University’s extensive collections—the Yale University Art Gallery, the Yale Center for British Art, the Peabody Museum of Natural History, and the Collection of Musical Instruments. All the collections are open to the public.
Yale University Art Gallery
The Yale University Art Gallery, founded in 1832, today houses a collection that has grown to rank with those of the major public art museums in the United States. Its two connected buildings house ancient, medieval, and Renaissance art, Near and Far Eastern art, archaeological material from the University’s excavations (古跡), Pre-Columbian and African art, works of European and American masters from actually every period, and a rich collection of modern art. Across the street, the Yale Center for British Art, which was opened in 1977, holds the largest collection of British art and illustrated books anywhere outside the United Kingdom.
Peabody Museum of Natural History
Yale’s Peabody Museum of Natural History, founded in 1866, contains one of the great scientific collections in North America. Among its holdings are the University’s comprehensive mineralogical and ornithological collections, the second-largest repository of dinosaur artifacts in the United States, and the largest undamaged Apatosaurus (Brontosaurus 雷龍) in the world. The Peabody is truly a working museum, where public exhibition, research, conservation, teaching, and learning intersect (貫穿).
Yale Center for British Art
Institutions like the Art Gallery, the Center for British Art, and the Peabody Museum hold only a portion of the treasures in the University’s collections. From paintings by Picasso, to pterodactyl (翼龍) remains, to a 1689 tenor viol in the Collection of Musical Instruments, Yale’s possessions are meant to be accessible to the communities they enrich.
Collection of Musical Instruments
Exhibitions are also frequently mounted (裱貼) at the following venues on campus: Art + Architecture Gallery (School of Architecture), Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Green Hall Gallery (School of Art), and Sterling Memorial Library, including the Arts of the Book Collection.
小題1:Which of the following cannot be found in the Yale University Art Gallery?
A．Near and Far Eastern art.
B．Pre-Columbian and African art
C．British art and illustrated books.
D．Works of European and American masters.
小題2:Where will you go if you want to enjoy dinosaur artifacts?
A．Peabody Museum of Natural History.
B．Collection of Musical Instruments.
C．Yale University Art Gallery.
D．Yale Center for British Art.
小題3:Which of the following has the longest history according to the passage?
A．Yale Center for British Art.
B．Yale University Art Gallery.
C．Peabody Museum of Natural History.
D．A musical instrument named tenor viol.
小題4:We can learn from the passage that in Yale, ______.
A．collections are partly open to the public
B．there are many venues just for exhibitions
C．collections are from art museums in the US
D．exhibitions are frequently mounted on campus
小題5:What is the text mainly about?
A．Introduction to Yale University.B．Introduction to collections in Yale.
C．Introduction to venues in Yale.D．Introduction to art works in Yale.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough, the answer to both these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a person's intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.
It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identical twins they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.www.examda.com
Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays.
This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.
小題1:Which of these sentences best describes the writer's point in Paragraph 1?
A．To some extent, intelligence is given at birth.
B．Intelligence is developed by the environment.
C．Some people are born clever and others born stupid.
D．Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment.
小題2: It is suggested in this passage that_______.
A．unrelated people are not likely to have different intelligence
B．close relations usually have similar intelligence
C．the closer the blood relationship between people, the more different they are likely to be in intelligence
D．people who live in close contact with each other are not likely to have similar degrees of intelligence
小題3:Brothers and sisters are likely to_______.
A．have similar intelligence B．have different intelligence
C．go to the same university D．go to the same factory
小題4:The best title for this article would be_______.
A．On Intelligence　B．What Intelligence Means
C．We Are Born with IntelligenceD．Environment Plays a Part in Developing Intelligence

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

After a very busy afternoon, as I walked into my house, I heard the phone ringing. It was my friend Lydia, upset over an argument with her husband. My usual approach is to offer advice, but this time, extremely tired from chores, I simply pulled off my coat, sat down in a chair and listened to my friend's frustration and sadness. Without the disturbance of judgment or the desire to comfort her, I stayed totally quiet while she talked. Eventually Lydia's depression eased and we said our goodbyes. The next day she phoned to thank me. "I'm so grateful for the way you helped me through this," she said.
At first I was surprised. After all, I had done nothing except be there for her. But after I had my own venting(發(fā)泄的) experience with another friend later that evening, I realized that my focused silence had some value. In fact, most relationship experts agree that talk is cheap; it's listening that's rare and valuable. It allows you not only to hear what the other person is saying, but also to have a clear understanding of her thoughts and feelings. And for the speaker, that level of understanding translates into concern and respect.
Unfortunately, listening isn't as easy as it sounds. Thanks to schedules filled with family and work, multitasking has become the barrier(障礙) to listening. My tiredness may have been the only thing stopping me from folding laundry or checking my e-mail while Lydia talked that afternoon.
Another barrier to listening is our listening system: Most of us take in only about half of what's being said during a conversation, according to the International Listening Association. Research shows that we speak at 125 to 150 words per minute, yet think at 500 words a minute. Therefore, because we think much more quickly than we speak, it is easy for us to lose our concentration when listening to speakers.
While it can be hard to focus at times, it's a skill worth developing. With a little practice — employing some techniques— you can become a better listener.
小題1: In Paragraph 2, the author mainly talks about ____.
A．the importance of listeningB．the importance of venting anger
C．her own listening experienceD．her own venting experience
小題2:The author uses the result of the research in Paragraph 4 to mainly show that ____.
A．we think much more quickly than we speak
B．we can only understand about half of what we hear
C．there is not much thinking time available while we are listening
D．we lose our concentration easily while we are listening
小題3: What will be discussed following the passage?
A．Why listening is valuable.B．What we should do while listening
C．How to become a good listenerD．How to stop drifting off while listening.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

US researchers have found traces of an ancient lake on Mars recently, increasing hopes of discovering evidence that billions of years ago the Red planet hosted life.
The lake, which dates back some 3.4 billion years, appears to have covered as much as 80 square miles and was up to 1,500 feet deep, said the team from the University of Colorado.
“This is the first clear evidence of shorelines on the surface of Mars,”said Boulder’ s research associate, Gaetano Di Achille, in a study published in the latest edition of Geophysical Research Letters.
“The identification of the shorelines and accompanying geological evidence allows us to calculate the size and volume of the lake, which appears to have formed about 3.4 billion years ago.”
Analysis of the images has shown the water carved out the canyon (溪谷) in which it was found, which then opened out into a valley depositing (使淤積) sediment (沉積) which formed a delta (三角洲).
“Finding shorelines is a great discovery to us,” said assistant professor Brian Hynek, adding it showed the lake existed at a time when Mars was thought to have been cold and dry.
Scientists believe the oldest surfaces on Mars formed during the wet and warm era known as the Noachan epoch, about 4.1 billion to 3.7 billion years ago.
The newly discovered lake is believed to date from the Hesperian era and postdates the end of the warm and wet period on Mars by 300 million years, according to the study.
Scientists believe deltas next to the lake may well hold secrets about past life on Mars as such places on Earth have become the natural deposits of organic carbon and other markers of life.
小題1:The size of the lake found on Mars is ______.
A．80 square miles B．1,500 square miles
C．3.4 billion square milesD．300 million square miles
小題2:When the lake existed, the weather on Mars was ____.
A．hot and wet B．wet and warm C．cold and dryD．cold and wet
小題3:Why do scientists think deltas near the lake may hold secrets about past life on Mars?
A．Because similar places on Earth have become natural deposits of markers of life.
B．Because someone has put secrets about past life on Mars there.
C．Because past life has been found in other deltas on Mars.
D．Because some people are said to have already seen life marks there.
小題4:Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．The Noachan epoch was a wet and warm era.
B．The lake might have existed 3.4 billion years.
C．The discovery can’ t fully prove that the Mars once hosted life.
D．The lake traces prove that there exists life on Mars now.

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