Children of America are getting fatter every time. 13% of the children at the age of 6 to 11 are overweight(too fat).
When we look at children's lives today in the USA, we can see the root(origin)of the problem--sports and foods. Young children like sports but they don't have enough around the start of high school. That's especially true for girls. Meanwhile, to make matters worse, schools are becoming much more interested in sports teams. So children are not able to get enough exercise just when they need it the most. There is also the food problem. Children get most of their calories(熱量) at restaurants or parties or somewhere else away from home. They often drink too many Cokes. Parents have a lot of fears about telling a child he needs to lose weight-- they are afraid it will push a child into an eating disorder. Some parents fear that pushing children to lose weight means their children will think they're not good enough, or not loved because of their weight. Parents need to come to terms with the fact that the family is very important to the children. The most useful program for children is called "family weight control". This is good news. Mom and Dad, even if they don't have weight problems, have to go through the same program as their children and learn how to get some exercise and how to eat healthily.                                                                      
小題1:Why are American children getting fatter? The writer thinks_______.
A．parents also have weight problem as their children
B．children drink too many Cokes
C．schools are more interested in sports teams
D．children have less exercise and eat unhealthily
小題2:The writer wants to tell parents that_______.
A．overweight children are not loved by people
B．children are afraid to lose weight when they have to
C．family members can help overweight children a lot
D．girls don't like to exercise
小題3:Which of the following is NOT the root of overweight problem? _______.
A．Higher-calorie.B．Less sports.
C．Family weight control.D．higher-fat foods.
小題4:The writer thinks if mother or father is on the same program as their children, _______.
A．"family weight control" will be successful
B．it will make the children eat much more
C．their children will not eat better
D．parents will feel sorry about themselves

小題1:D
小題2:C
小題3:C
小題4:A
文章介紹了美國兒童肥胖的現(xiàn)象，并分析了原因，提出了解決的方法即Family weight control。
小題1:D 段落大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段內容可知兒童發(fā)胖的主要原因是鍛煉太少和飲食不健康。故D正確。
小題2:C 推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知Parents need to come to terms with the fact that the family is very important to the children.可知家庭對孩子減肥方面作用巨大。
小題3:C 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知ABD都提及了，都是兒童發(fā)胖的原因，C項正是很多美國家庭沒有能夠做到的事情。故C富惡化文章要求。
小題4:A 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后三行This is good news. Mom and Dad, even if they don't have weight problems, have to go through the same program as their children and learn how to get some exercise and how to eat healthily. 可知A正確。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Some students get so nervous before a test, they do poorly even if they know the material. Sian Beilock has studied these highly anxious test-takers.
Sian Beilock: “They start worrying about the consequences. They might even start worrying about whether this exam is going to prevent them from getting into the college they want. And when we worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources.I talk about it as your cognitive horsepower that you could otherwise be using to focus on the exam.”
Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test.
Sian Beilock: “what we think happens is when students put it down on paper , they think about the worst that could happen and they reappraise the situation. They might realize it’s not as had as they might think it was before and, in essence(本質上), it prevents these thoughts from popping up when they’re actually taking a test.”
The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short math tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test.
The researchers added to the pressure. They told the students that those who did well on the second test would get money. They also told them that their performance would affect other students as part of a team effort.
Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of twelve percent worse on the second test. But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of five percent.
Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test.
Prefessor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B+, compared to a B- for those who did not.
Sian Beilock: “What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, who’d done our writing intervention, all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and performance. Those students most likely to worry were performing just as well as their classmates who don’t normally get nervous in these testing situations.”
But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam or presentation? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance. 
小題1:What may happen if students have the problem of test anxiety?
A．Test anxiety can improve students’ performance to some degree.
B．Students’ attention and memory resources run out when worried.
C．Students may not be admitted into their favorite college if worried
D．Test anxiety is sure to cause students to fail the test.
小題2:Which of the following if TRUE?
A．In the first math test, students who sat quietly performed better.
B．In the second math test, students who wrote about their feelings did worse.
C．Some college students are highly anxious test-takers while others are not in the tests.
D．The result in the math test agrees with that in the biology test.
小題3:What does the underlined phrase “popping up” mean?
A．Giving outB．Fading awayC．Becoming clearly D．Appearing suddenly
小題4:what is most probably Sian Beilock?
A．A psychology professor.B．A philosophy researcher.
C．A politics professor D．A tutor
小題5:What is the main idea of the passage?
A．It is a common practice for students being worried before a test.
B．Being worried before tests does harm to students’ performance.
C．Anxious students overcome test anxiety by writing down fears.
D．It is important for students to overcome test anxiety.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Mark Ramirez, a senior executive at AOL, could work in the comfortable leather chair, if he wanted. No, thanks. He prefers to stand most of the day at a desk raised above stomach level.
“I’ve got my knees bent. I feel totally alive,” he said. “It feels more natural to stand.”
In the past few years, standing has become the new sitting for 10 percent of AOL employees at the firm’s Virginia branch. Part of a standing popularity is among accountants, programmers, telemarketers and other office workers across the nation.
GeekDesk, a California firm that sells desks raised by electric motors, says sales will triple this year.
Standers give various reasons for taking to their feet: It makes them feel more focused, prevents drowsiness(困倦睡意), and makes them feel like a general even if they just push paper. (Former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfels works standing up. So does novelist Philip Roth.)
But unknown to them, a debate (辯論) is spreading among ergonomics experts（人類工程學家） and public-health researchers about whether all office workers should be encouraged to stand—to save lives.
Doctors point to surprising new research showing higher rates of diabetes, obesity, heart disease and even mortality among people who sit for long stretches. A study earlier this year in the American Journal of Epidemiology showed that among 123,000 adults followed over 14 years, those who sat more than six hours a day were at least 18 percent more likely to die during the time period studied than those who sat less than three hours a day.
“Every rock we turn over when it comes to sitting is astonishing,” said Marc Hamilton, a leading researcher on inactivity physiology at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Louisiana. “Sitting is harmful. It’s dangerous. We are on the cusp (尖端) of a major revolution.” He calls sitting “the new smoking”.
Not so fast, other experts say. Standing too much at work will cause more long-term back injuries. Incidences of varicose veins(靜脈曲張) among women will increase. The heart will have to pump more.
Hedge, the Cornell professor, isn’t a fan of all this standing. “Making people stand all day is dumb,” he said.
The sensible and most cost-effective strategy（策略）, he said, is to sit in a neutral posture（姿勢）, slightly reclined(下彎的), with the keyboard on a tray above the lap. This position promotes positive blood flow. Workers should occasionally walk around, stretch and avoid prolonged periods at the desk. The key, he said, is movement, not standing.
小題1:Marc Hamilton said “Every rock we turn over when it comes to sitting is astonishing” to show that________.
A．the result of the study about sitting too long is shocking
B．we need to remove many rocks
C．we need to smooth away many difficulties
D．sitting on a rock is necessary
小題2: The following are the reasons why some experts are against standing too long except      .
A．It will cause more long-term back injuries
B．it will raise the burden of heart
C．incidences of varicose veins among women will increase
D．standing too much at work per day is too tiring
小題3: According to the studies in the passage mentioned,      .
A．it is better not to stand more than 6 hours
B．sitting too long can arouse illnesses easily
C．sitting long is specially harmful to adults
D．standing much is better than sitting long
小題4:Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A．Standing is not better than sitting
B．Standing more does no harm to people
C．Standing will promote the efficiency
D．More office workers take standing against sitting

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Is losing weight as simple as doing a 15-minute writing exercise? In a new study, women who wrote about their most important values, like close relationships or religion, lost more weight over the next few months than women who didn't. "We have this need to feel self-integrity (正直,誠實）,” says Christine Logel of the University of Waterloo. "When something threatens your sense that you're a good person, like failing a test, we can buffer（緩沖） that self-integrity by reminding ourselves how much we love our children, for example".
For this study, the researchers recruited 45 female undergraduates, of whom 58% were overweight. Each woman was weighed, and was then given a list ofimportant values, like creativity, music or relationships with friends and family members. Each woman ranked the values in order of how important they were to her. Then half the women were told to write for 15 minutes about the value that was most important to her. The other half, a control group, were told to write about why a value far down on their list might be important to someone else.
The women came back months later to be weighed again. Women who had written about an important value lost an average of 3.41 pounds, while women in the control group gained an average of 2.76 pounds.
"How we feel about ourselves can have a big effect," Logel says. Maybe when one of the women who wrote about an important value went home that night, she felt good about herself and didn't eat to make herself feel better. Over a few months, that could make a real difference in her life,
小題1:How can a 15-minute writing exercise ofimportant values affect people?
A．They will feel proud of themselves and gain weight gradually.
B．They may feel good about themselves and then eat less than usual.
C．They may continue writing and decide to become a professional writer.
D．They will never have meals at night to make themselves lose weight.
小題2:What were the females required to do in the study?
A．Only the control group was given a list ofimportant values.
B．Both groups ranked the values in order of importance to them.
C．Each woman was weighed three times in the process of the study.
D．The overweight women wrote about the value most important to them.
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A．Mary who wrote about her own adventure.
B．Catherine who described her illness in her writing.
C．Shirley who wrote how much she loved her children.
D．Alice who complained her boss in her diary.
小題4:Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A．Writing Benefits Women a Lot
B．Losing Weight Is Very Simple
C．Writing Contributes to Losing Weight
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
　　During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches (戰(zhàn)壕) cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds. In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp (奧斯維辛集中營), naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.
　　At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be dipped with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
　　If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
　　No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain-killer pills such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms.
小題1:How many examples are offered by the writer to support his argument?
A．4 B．5 C．6 D．3
小題2:Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage?
A．The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time.
B．Colds are not caused by cold.
C．People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.
D．A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one.
小題3:Arctic explorers may catch colds when _______.
A．they are working in the isolated arctic regions
B．they are writing reports in terribly cold weather
C．they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions
D．they are coming into touch again with the outside world
小題4:Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit _______.
A．suffered a lot B．never caught colds
C．often caught colds D．became very strong
小題5:The passage mainly discusses _______.
A．the experiments on the common colds
B．the fallacy about the common cold
C．the reason and the way people catch colds
D．the continued spread of common colds

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I know what you're thinking: pizza? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last night's leftovers in the a. m. if you want to.
I know lots of women who skip breakfast, and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it. Some say they don't have time, others think they're “saving” calories, still others just don't like breakfast food.
But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important when you’re trying to lose weight. “Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all,” says Katherine Brooking, R, D, who developed the super-easy eating plan for this year’s “SELF CHALLENGE”. And even pizza can be healthy if it's loaded with vegetables, and you stick to one small piece.
Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Researchers at the University of Southern California found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal.
So eat something in the morning, anything. I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether, and have just coffee or orange juice. I say, try heating up last night’s leftovers－it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, “You can always eat it tomorrow,” I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night. Try it... you may save yourself some pre­bedtime calories. And watch your body gain the fat­burning effects.
小題1:The underlined word "leftovers" in Paragraph 1 probably means ______.
A．food remaining after a meal B．things left undone
C．meals made of vegetables D．pizza topped with fruit
小題2:What can we infer from the text?
A．Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry.
B．Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast.
C．There are some easy ways of cooking a meal.
D．Eating vegetables helps save energy.
小題3:According to the last paragraph, it is important to ______.
A．eat something for breakfastB．be careful about what you eat
C．heat up food before eating itD．eat calorie- controlled food
小題4:The text is written mainly for those _______.
A．who go to work earlyB．who eat before sleep
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital for Children (MGHfC) have invented a new term that describes dangers associated with cigarette smoke: third-hand smoke. Study results published in January, 2009 discuss how third-hand smoke is especially dangerous for children.
Have you ever walked into a room that had the smell of cigarette smoke, regardless of the fact that a fan was moving the air and no one was smoking at the time? This is what researchers are calling third-hand smoke — and it represents the poisonous deposits (存積物) that are left behind long after a cigarette is put out. 
Cigarette smoke contains gases and small particles that are deposited on every surface it comes in contact with, for example, the smoker’s hair and clothing, or the environment the cigarette was smoked in. It’s dangerous for young children who may crawl on polluted surfaces. Third-hand smoke is a serious health risk for our kids, especially those who live in the homes of smokers.
Jonathan Winickoff, lead author of the study, explains, “When you come into contact with your baby, even if you’re not smoking at the time, he or she comes in contact with those poisons. And if you breast-feed, the poisons will transfer to your baby in your breast milk.” Winickoff adds however, that nursing a baby if you’re a smoker is still a better choice than bottle-feeding.
Researchers involved in the study also surveyed more than 1,500 families in an effort to learn about adult attitudes regarding the danger third-hand smoke represents to their children and how that might affect smoking in the home.
Approximately 95 percent of nonsmokers and 84 percent of smokers believe that secondhand smoke is dangerous for children.
On the issue of whether third-hand smoke threatens the health of children, 65 percent of nonsmokers and 43 percent of smokers felt that third-hand smoke harms kids. When asked about rules regarding smoking in the home, approximately 88 percent of nonsmokers said they don’t allow smoking, while only 27 percent of smokers forbid smoking in the home.
However, both non-smokers and smokers who felt that third-hand smoking was harmful to children’s health were more inclined to (傾向于) restrict smoking in their homes.
小題1:The study led by Jonathan Winickoff focused on _______.
A．bad influences long after a cigarette is smoked
B．third-hand smoke and secondhand smoke
C．the bad effects of smoking on common people
D．the terrible smell of cigarette smoke
小題2:How does the text explain what third-hand smoke is?
A．By telling results of a survey.
B．By giving statistics.
C．By making comparisons.
D．By giving an example.
小題3:The following measures to prevent the effect of third-hand smoke are effective except _______. 
A．keeping kids out of room when you smoke
B．cleaning the house to get rid of poisons
C．making yourself clean before contacting kids
D．trying to forbid smoking in home

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self- respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as "honor" help you create this life of good feelings.
Here's an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.
Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerk's mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement. Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune. On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.
Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness?
In the first case, where we don't tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In the process, we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect. We would also demonstrate that we cannot be trusted, since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends. We damage our own reputations by telling others. In contrast, bringing the error to the clerk's attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. Whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility.
There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable actions. Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence. And it's easy to think and act honorably again when we're happy. While the positive cycle can be difficult to start, once it's started, it's easy to continue. Keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind, which is important for our happiness.
小題1:According to the passage, the positive action in the example contributes to our ________.
A．self-respect B．financial rewards
C．advertising ability D．friendly relationship
小題2:The phrase "bringing the error to the clerk's attention" (in Para.5) means ________.
A．telling the truth to the clerk
B．offering advice to the clerk
C．asking the clerk to be more responsible
D．reminding the clerk of the charged item
小題3:How will we feel if we let the clerk know her mistake?
A．We'll be very excited.
B．We'll feel unfortunate.
C．We'll have a sense of honor.
D．We'll feel sorry for the clerk.
小題4:Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A．How to Live Truthfully
B．Importance of Peacefulness
C．Ways of Gaining Self-respect
D．Happiness through Honorable Actions

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Encouraging pupils to keep noise to a minimum should be a valuable component of all children’s education, according to new research.
Dr. Helen Lees, from Stirling University’s school of education, says that “enforced（強制的）silence” is seen as a punishment and often acts to suppress children’s natural ability. But she says that teaching children about the benefits of “enforced silence”,--- deliberate stillness that gives them the opportunity to focus and reflect in a stress-free environment--- can have a significant effect on pupils’ concentration and behavior.
It is the latest in a string of researches to establish a link between the classroom environment and pupils’ academic ability.
A study almost a decade ago in London found that children’s exam results were cut by as much as a third if they were taught in noisy classrooms. Teaching unions have also called for a limit of 26℃ to be put on classroom temperatures because teachers and pupils struggle to work in hot conditions, and some educationalists claim that too much clutter（雜亂的東西）on classroom walls can prevent children from concentrating.
Dr. Lees said, “When we take some research on school settings and put it all together, what we see is that education without silence does not make much sense. In areas of better learning outcomes, better self- confidence and well-being measures, enforced silence in a person’s life and an individual’s education is shown throughout the relevant research to be a benefit.”
Dozens of schools across Britain have already introduced periods of “reflective silence” into the timetable.
Kevin Hogston, head of Sheringdale Primary, south London, has just introduced a minute’s silence at the start of twice-weekly meetings in which children are taught breathing techniques and encouraged to reflect. The school plans to introduce it into classrooms every day.
小題1:According to Dr. Helen Lees, “enforced silence” ＿＿
A．is an effective way of punishment
B．does not make much sense in class
C．can improve pupils’ confidence
D．makes pupils more creative
小題2:The underlined word, “suppress”, in the second paragraph probably means “_________”.
A．preventB．improveC．applyD．reveal
小題3:What can be inferred from the research on school settings?
A．Students are more active if taught in noisy classrooms.
B．Silence makes a great difference to pupils.
C．Clutter on the walls can help students concentrate.
D．Most schools are not satisfactory in terms of classroom temperatures.
小題4: What would be the best title for the text?
A．Arranging classroom settings benefits studies
B．Achieving silence is beneficial for people
C．Using enforced silence is effective punishment
D．Keeping quiet in class improves academic performance

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