The common cold is the world's most widespread illness, which is plagues (瘟疫) that flesh receives. The most widespread fallacy (謬誤) of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one.
If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
　　During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches (戰(zhàn)壕) cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds. In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp (奧斯維辛集中營(yíng)), naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.
　　At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be dipped with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
　　If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
　　No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain-killer pills such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms.
小題1:How many examples are offered by the writer to support his argument?
A．4 B．5 C．6 D．3
小題2:Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage?
A．The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time.
B．Colds are not caused by cold.
C．People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.
D．A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one.
小題3:Arctic explorers may catch colds when _______.
A．they are working in the isolated arctic regions
B．they are writing reports in terribly cold weather
C．they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions
D．they are coming into touch again with the outside world
小題4:Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit _______.
A．suffered a lot B．never caught colds
C．often caught colds D．became very strong
小題5:The passage mainly discusses _______.
A．the experiments on the common colds
B．the fallacy about the common cold
C．the reason and the way people catch colds
D．the continued spread of common colds

小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:D
小題4:A
小題5:C
文章主要討論的是人們患感冒的原因，主要是因?yàn)椴《靖腥尽?br />小題1:B 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段舉了兩個(gè)例子，第三段舉了兩個(gè)例子，第四段舉了一個(gè)例子，共5個(gè)。B正確。
小題2:C 細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第二段提及愛(ài)斯基摩人很少感冒。第一段中告訴我們感冒并不是由寒冷引起的。C的說(shuō)法是錯(cuò)誤的，人們感冒就是因?yàn)槿藗兿矚g帶著房子里面。實(shí)際上人們感冒是因?yàn)椴《靖腥�。故C符合要求。
小題3:D 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段2,3,4行And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes說(shuō)明D正確。
小題4:A 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段2,3,4行內(nèi)容可知他們受了很多苦，故A正確。
小題5:C 主旨大意題。文章主要討論的是人們患感冒的原因，主要是因?yàn)椴《靖腥尽?/div>
練習(xí)冊(cè)系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空

In the past, man did not have to think about the protection of his environment.  There were few people on the earth,  and natural resources（資源） seemed to be    26 .
Today things are 27 , the world has become too   28  . We are using up our natural resources too quickly, and at the same time we are  29 our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this,  human life on the earth will not   30 .
Everyone 31 today that if too many fish are taken from the sea, there will soon be none left.  Yet, with modern fishing  32  , more and more fish are caught.  We know that if too many trees are cut down,  33 will disappear and nothing will grow on the land. Yet, we  34 to use bigger and more powerful machines to 35 more and more trees.
We realize that if rivers are polluted with waste products from factories, we will die. ___36,   in most countries wastes are 37  put into rivers or into the sea, and there are 38  laws to stop this. We know, too, that if the   39 of the world continues to rise at the present rate, in a few years there will not be enough food. What can we do to  40 these problems ?
If we eat more vegetables and less   41 , there will be more food available for everyone.  Land that is used to grow crops   42 five times more people than land where animals are kept.  Our natural resources will  43 longer if we learn to recycle them.  The world population will not rise so quickly if people use modern methods of birth 44   .
Finally, if we educate people to think about the problems, we shall have a better and cleaner     45  in the future.
小題1:
A．beautifulB．unlimitedC．rareD．valuable
小題2:
A．commonB．the sameC．changeableD．different
小題3:
A．crowdedB．smallC．dirtyD．busy
小題4:
A．protectingB．savingC．pollutingD．fighting
小題5:
A．breatheB．surviveC．drinkD．move
小題6:
A．wondersB．realizesC．considersD．discovers
小題7:
A．polesB．boatsC．methodsD．ideas
小題8:
A．mountainsB．the seaC．treesD．forests
小題9:
A．continueB．stopC．keepD．go on
小題10:
A．growB．plantC．saveD．cut down
小題11:
A．ThusB．HoweverC．ButD．Therefore
小題12:
A．stillB．evenC．a(chǎn)lsoD．certainly
小題13:
A．too manyB．a(chǎn) fewC．someD．few
小題14:
A．productionB．pollutionC．population D．pronunciation
小題15:
A．workB．dealC．solveD．serve
小題16:
A．fruitB．meatC．fishD．grain
小題17:
A．feedsB．increasesC．suppliesD．helps
小題18:
A．useB．stayC．keepD．last
小題19:
A．controlB．bornC．planD．reward
小題20:
A．natureB．seaC．planetD．forest

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
When we think about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, a pinnacle (頂點(diǎn)) of sheer (純粹的) delight. And those pinnacles seem to get rarer the older we get.
 1   I remember playing police and robbers in the woods, getting a speaking part in the school play. Of course, kids also experience lows, but their delight at such peaks of pleasure as winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved.
For teenagers, or people under 20 the concept of happiness changes.   2   I can still feel the pain of not being invited to a party that almost everyone else was going to. I also remember the great happiness of being invited at another event to dance with a very handsome young man.
In adulthood the things that bring great joy—birth, love, marriage—also bring responsibility and the risk of loss.   3   For adults, happiness is complex.
 4   But I think a better definition of happiness is “ the ability to enjoy something”. The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It's easy to overlook the pleasure we get from loving and being loved, the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, even good health.
While happiness may be more complex for us, the solution is the same as ever. Happiness isn't about what happens to us; it’s the ability to find a positive for every negative, and view a difficulty as a challenge.   5  
A．Love may not last; loved ones die.
B．For a child, happiness has a magic quality.
C．Happiness is the meaning and the purpose of life.
D．Being happy doesn’t mean that everything is perfect.
E. The dictionary defines “happy” as “l(fā)ucky” or “ fortunate”.
F. It's not wishing for what we don't have, but enjoying what we do possess.
G. Suddenly it’s conditional on such things as excitement, love, and popularity.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is essential to one's life. Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have been told, and told again, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.
But for many people, the thought of food as the first thing in the morning is never a pleasure. So in spite of all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. Between 1977 and 1983, the latest year for which figures could be obtained, the number of people who didn’t have breakfast increased by 33%—from 8.8 million to 11.7 million—according to the Chicago-based Market Research Corporation of America.
For those who dislike eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years have shown that, for grown-ups especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast. “Going without breakfast does not affect work,” said Arnold E. Bender, former professor of nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London, “nor does giving people breakfast improve work.”
Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better work is surprisingly inadequate, and most of the recent work involves children, not grown-ups. “The literature,” says one researcher,  Dr Earnest Polite at the University of Texas, “is poor.”
小題1:The main idea of the passage is that _______.
A．breakfast has nothing to do with people's health
B．a(chǎn) good breakfast used to be important to us
C．breakfast is not as important to us as gasoline to a car
D．breakfast is not as important as we thought before
小題2:For those who do not take breakfast, the good news is that _______.
A．several studies have been done in the past few years
B．the omission of breakfast has little effect on one’s work
C．grown-ups have especially made studies in this field
D．eating little in the morning is good for health
小題3:The underlined part “nor does giving people breakfast improve work” means  _______.
A．people without breakfast can improve their work
B．not giving people breakfast improves work
C．having breakfast does not improve work, either
D．people having breakfast do improve their work, too
小題4:The word "literature" in the last sentence refers to _______.
A．stories, poems, play, etc
B．written works on a particular subject
C．newspaper articles
D．the modern literature of America
小題5:What is implied but not stated by the author is that _______.
A．breakfast does not affect work
B．Dr Polite works at an institution of higher learning
C．not eating breakfast might affect the health of children
D．Professor Bender once taught college courses in nutrition in London

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Girls can easily get sad. If your friend is feeling blue and calls you, what will you do? Here are some tips on how you can make her smile again.
Listen to her. When people feel sad, they often have the feeling of needing to be heard. So, listen carefully to what she is saying and do nothing else. Your friend will surely thank you for being the shoulder she can cry on.
Once you are done with listening, you can offer some advice or remain silent and let her feel everything and let it all out by crying. As a friend, you might think you should give her some advice. But if you have no idea about what to say, just remain silent and be there for her.
In order to be able to help your friend in need, don’t be sad for yourself. How can you help your friend when you are also feeling down?
A hug can make a difference in the word. It makes you feel warm and special. A hug makes you feel safe. So give your friend a hug when she needs it the most.
Spend more time with your friend who wants to be happy. Do things together like washing dishes, cleaning, or going out for fun. The more time you spend together, the stronger your friendship will become.
Sometimes, it is much better that you avoid a crying friend in your life. But by doing so, you are also keeping your friend at a distance and will make her wonder if you are her true friend. If you are there when she needs you, your friendship will be much stronger.
小題1:The writer wrote this passage mainly to tell us_______.
A．why girls can easily get sad.
B．what to do when we are sad.
C．how to make new friends with girls.
D．how to make a sad female friend happy again.
小題2:According to Paragraph 2, when a female friend is sad, what should we do?
A．We should ask her why she feels sad.
B．We should say something nice to her.
C．We should spend time listening to her.
D．We should give her some good advice.
小題3:We can learn from the passage that______.
E.       Hugging a sad friend can make you feel warm and special.
F.       Your sad friend may feel much better if you also sad.
G.      It’s not a good idea to be silent facing a sad friend.
H.      Giving a hug to a sad friend is very helpful.
小題4:In paragraph 6, the writer mainly suggests that we_____.
I.         spend more time with your friend.
J.        help our friends with their housework
K.      spend time with our friends everyday
L.       ask our friends to take part in activities

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Children of America are getting fatter every time. 13% of the children at the age of 6 to 11 are overweight(too fat).
When we look at children's lives today in the USA, we can see the root(origin)of the problem--sports and foods. Young children like sports but they don't have enough around the start of high school. That's especially true for girls. Meanwhile, to make matters worse, schools are becoming much more interested in sports teams. So children are not able to get enough exercise just when they need it the most. There is also the food problem. Children get most of their calories(熱量) at restaurants or parties or somewhere else away from home. They often drink too many Cokes. Parents have a lot of fears about telling a child he needs to lose weight-- they are afraid it will push a child into an eating disorder. Some parents fear that pushing children to lose weight means their children will think they're not good enough, or not loved because of their weight. Parents need to come to terms with the fact that the family is very important to the children. The most useful program for children is called "family weight control". This is good news. Mom and Dad, even if they don't have weight problems, have to go through the same program as their children and learn how to get some exercise and how to eat healthily.                                                                      
小題1:Why are American children getting fatter? The writer thinks_______.
A．parents also have weight problem as their children
B．children drink too many Cokes
C．schools are more interested in sports teams
D．children have less exercise and eat unhealthily
小題2:The writer wants to tell parents that_______.
A．overweight children are not loved by people
B．children are afraid to lose weight when they have to
C．family members can help overweight children a lot
D．girls don't like to exercise
小題3:Which of the following is NOT the root of overweight problem? _______.
A．Higher-calorie.B．Less sports.
C．Family weight control.D．higher-fat foods.
小題4:The writer thinks if mother or father is on the same program as their children, _______.
A．"family weight control" will be successful
B．it will make the children eat much more
C．their children will not eat better
D．parents will feel sorry about themselves

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes(運(yùn)動(dòng)員). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
　　The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.
　　Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters' performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.
小題1:An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is ______
A．to reduce their mental stress
B．to increase their sense of success
C．to make sports less competitive
D．to make sports more challenging
小題2:According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that ____ .
A．it can help them learn more about society
B．it enables them to find flaws in themselves
C．it can provide them with valuable experiences
D．it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves
小題3:Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes ______ .
A．believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development
B．without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidence
C．in order to make them remember life's lessons
D．so as to put more pressure on them
小題4:According to the passage parents and coaches should _____________ .
A．pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports
B．help children to win every game
C．train children to cope with stress
D．enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports
小題5:The author's purpose in writing the passage is ____________ .
A．to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout
B．to persuade young children not to worry about criticism
C．to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to children
D．to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

What kind of sports impressed you most during your childhood? Maybe racing around the playground or skipping rope for hours would bring you pleasure. At that time you weren’t thinking of fitness, you were just thinking of entertainment. But in this age of high-tech home equipment and underused gym memberships, the simple joy of jumping rope has been forgotten. I think rediscovering it probably will give you a total-body exercise.
Although considered an excellent form of exercise, jumping rope has never received widespread acceptance because of two reasons. First,most people recognize jumping rope as an excellent form of cardiovascular (心血管的) exercise, but they also believe that it is simply too difficult. In other words, they don’t think they’ll be able to continue jumping for the near 20 minutes in order to achieve a beneficial physical effect. Second, many regard it as somewhat boring and overly repetitive —not as something fun or enjoyable.
As a matter of fact, jumping rope can be great fun as long as you find a proper way to practise it. Instead of doing the usual two-foot bounce(跳) over and over again, players good at rope-jumping often change their pattern every 10 or 20 jumps. A single bounce, a double –bounce , a skip, a knee-up, side swings , as well as a variety of other easy-to-learn free-style rope-jumping .
Nowadays researchers are discovering that jumping rope also prepares the brain for learning . It is an exercise allowing both brain hemispheres（半球）to perform equallyto each other . In short, jumping rope can be a life-long activity requiring little equipment, time and space , yet leading to a much healthier life.
小題1:The main purpose of the first paragraph is to tell us that         .
A．people would rather have exercise in a gym than do sports outside
B．there seems to be too much advanced equipment for people to use
C．racing around the playground was regarded as children’s favorite sport
D．jumping rope has escaped from people’s memories in modern society
小題2:One reason that can explain why rope jumping has not spread widely is that_____.
A．it benefits the cardiovascular system
B．it is too difficult for people to learn to jump
C．it is believed to be boring and repetitive
D．it requires little equipment, time and space
小題3:The first sentence in Paragraph 3 implies that       in rope jumping .
A．there is only one proper way to follow
B．the usual way should not be used again
C．the easiest way is always the best one
D．there are different kinds of ways to follow
小題4:According to the researchers , jumping rope          .
A．only prepares the brain for learning
B．is suitable for students only
C．helps both brain hemispheres work together
D．can be dangerous for old people
小題5:What is the author’s attitude towards rope jumping ?
A．He strongly argues against it.
B．He is in favour of it.
C．He is sitting on the fence of it .
D．He knows little about it .

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger (引發(fā)) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks—burns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light (NIR, 近紅外線) on the drug in the capsule.
The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn’t new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外線) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.
That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR-absorbing group called o-nitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.
So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that’s even better.This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反應(yīng)的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What’s more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.
小題1:According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?
A．Temperature change.B．NIR light.C．Acidity change.D．UV light.
小題2:Why is ONB unsatisfactory?
A．It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.
B．It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.
C．It has not come onto the market up till now.
D．It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.
小題3:Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?
A．protectedB．formedC．exposedD．combined

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案