Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes(運動員). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
　　The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' criticisms to heart and find a flaw (缺陷) in themselves.
　　Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters' performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.
小題1:An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is ______
A．to reduce their mental stress
B．to increase their sense of success
C．to make sports less competitive
D．to make sports more challenging
小題2:According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that ____ .
A．it can help them learn more about society
B．it enables them to find flaws in themselves
C．it can provide them with valuable experiences
D．it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves
小題3:Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes ______ .
A．believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development
B．without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidence
C．in order to make them remember life's lessons
D．so as to put more pressure on them
小題4:According to the passage parents and coaches should _____________ .
A．pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports
B．help children to win every game
C．train children to cope with stress
D．enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports
小題5:The author's purpose in writing the passage is ____________ .
A．to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout
B．to persuade young children not to worry about criticism
C．to stress the importance of positive reinforcement to children
D．to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement

小題1:A
小題2:C
小題3:B
小題4:A
小題5:C
本文講述的是體育活動不僅是對體魄的挑戰(zhàn)也是對心里的挑戰(zhàn)。批評是沒有用的，
小題1:B 文章第一段提到，體育活動不僅是對體魄的挑戰(zhàn)，也是對心理的挑戰(zhàn)。慣用批評對年輕的運動有害無益。
能給運動員帶來身體、感情、心理方面的壓力，以致毀壞身心健康放棄曾帶來歡愉的活
動。所以防止損害年輕運動員身心健康的有效途徑不是C“減少體育的競技性”；不是D
“增加體育的挑戰(zhàn)性”；也不是A，因為只“減輕思想壓力”是不夠的。而應該像第三段
后面所說，積極鼓勵即增強運動員的自信心和成就感。
小題2:C 文章第二段中The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place.此句表示體育活動能為年輕人提供極其有價值的一生都有用的人生經(jīng)歷。故體育對年輕人的積極作用就在于C。
小題3:B 教練及父母習慣于批評年輕的運動員既不是C“使他們記住生活中的教訓 ”；不是A“ 認為批評對他們的早期發(fā)展有益”，文中未提及父母、教練對批評的看法；也不
是D“給他們施加更大的壓力”。故B “未意識到批評會挫傷他們的自信心”正確。這與
第二段末尾兩句意思吻合。
小題4:A 作者在第三段開頭指出參與體育運動不是孩子的工作或任務，重在參與。比賽結(jié)果并不重要，更重要的是通過參與增加人生閱歷。所以作者建議教練及父母應鼓勵孩子
積極參與 “注意讓孩子從體育活動中獲得樂趣”。故A最為貼切。
小題5:C 作者寫該文目的是告訴人們批評會給孩子造成各方面負擔和壓力，積極鼓勵才會對孩子的成長有益。故“強調(diào)積極鼓勵對孩子成長的重要性”切題。
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B．By giving statistics.
C．By making comparisons.
D．By giving an example.
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C．explain how to make better decisions
D．tell readers how to understand jokes
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For centuries, the body's blood has been linked closely with the emotions．People who show no human emotions or feelings, are said to be cold-blooded killer．For example, the police are searching for a cold-blooded killer．He seems to kill for no reason, and no emotion, as if taking someone's life as nothing．
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A cold fish is not a fish．It is a person．But it is a person who is unfriendly, unemotional and shows no love or warmth．A cold fish does not offer much of himself to anyone．Someone who is a cold fish could be cold-hearted．Now a cold-hearted person is someone who has no sympathy．Several popular songs in recent years were about cold-hearted men or cold-hearted women who, without feelings, broke the hearts of their lovers.
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