1. 考查可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，尤其是許多不可數(shù)名詞在一定情況下變?yōu)榭蓴?shù)名詞。

2. 考查名詞的格，即 ’s所有格，of所有格或雙重所有格。

3. 名詞作定語。

4. 名詞及名詞短語的辨析。

5. 名詞與介詞，冠詞，動(dòng)詞的搭配。

1. 名詞的辨析

名詞的辨析首先要注意名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的意義區(qū)別，如parent指父親或母親，而parents指父母雙親；people指人們，而a people指民族。其次注意可數(shù)與不可數(shù)時(shí)的意義區(qū)別，如: exercise指鍛煉；而exercises指練習(xí)題或練習(xí)操；再次，注意同義名詞或近義名詞的區(qū)別，如:: event指發(fā)生的重大事件、體育項(xiàng)目；incident指偶發(fā)事件；而accident指意外事件。最后還要注意近形詞的區(qū)別，如: cloth指布；cloths指各種不同用途的布；clothes指衣服(復(fù)數(shù))，clothing衣服(總稱)。

2. 動(dòng)詞的辨析

對(duì)于動(dòng)詞的辨析，首先要了解動(dòng)詞的及物與不及物，如: reply意為“回答，答復(fù)”后面接名詞時(shí)需接介詞to, 此時(shí)為不及物動(dòng)詞；后接從句時(shí)，則為及物動(dòng)詞。其次是要弄清動(dòng)詞的詞義區(qū)別，如: advise與persuade, 前者指勸說、勸告，強(qiáng)調(diào)過程；而后者指說服，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。最后還要區(qū)別各種非謂語動(dòng)詞間的意義和用法：動(dòng)詞的v-ing形式表示正在進(jìn)行或伴隨的動(dòng)作；v-ed形式表示完成或被動(dòng)；to do形式表示即將進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作等。

3. 形容詞、副詞的辨析

對(duì)于形容詞、副詞，一是要注意近義詞間的區(qū)別，如: clever指對(duì)問題處理的圓滑；bright指對(duì)問題的反應(yīng)快；wise指選擇的正確等。此外，如wide與broad; strong與powerful; interesting與interested; exciting與excited等。二是注意同形的形容詞和副詞，如: close作形容詞時(shí)意為“親密的”；作副詞時(shí)意為“接近，靠攏”。三是注意同根副詞的區(qū)別，如: hard與hardly, 前者指猛烈地、努力地；而后者意為幾乎不。四是注意副詞形式的形容詞，如: friendly, lovely, lively實(shí)際上是形容詞，切不可當(dāng)作副詞使用。五是注意形容詞的位置區(qū)別，如: present+n.與n.+present，前者指當(dāng)前的；而后者指在場(chǎng)的。

4. 介詞的辨析

對(duì)介詞的辨析要從兩方面入手，一是介詞的詞義，如: across, through, past, over為動(dòng)作介詞，across強(qiáng)調(diào)從表面橫過，越過；through強(qiáng)調(diào)從空間穿過；past強(qiáng)調(diào)從側(cè)面、旁邊經(jīng)過；over強(qiáng)調(diào)從空中越過而不接觸，也可以表示越過一段距離、空間等。此外，如above, over, on; with, by; of, to; to, for的區(qū)別。

5. 連詞的辨析

連詞的區(qū)別主要在于：一是連詞的意義，如：when, while與as; because, since與for; whether與if; though, as與although等。二是注意時(shí)間名詞短語轉(zhuǎn)化而成的連詞，如： every/each time; the first/second…time; the moment; the minute等，它們都可作連詞，連接從句。三是注意副詞轉(zhuǎn)化而成的連詞，如: directly, immediately, instantly等。四是注意連詞的詞序，如: only if與if only, 前者意為“只要”，后者意為“要是…就好了”。

6. 代詞的辨析

代詞的辨析包括不定代詞，如: other, others, the other, the others, another等；人稱代詞，如: one, it, that等和關(guān)系代詞，如: which與that; which與as; whose與prep.+which/whom等。

1. Does the teacher____ you to go home this weekend?

A. allow              B. consent  C. agree               D. approve

2. After the big fire, the house was completely____.

A. ruined             B. destroyed        C. damaged         D. spoiled

3. The hunter said he was lucky to get out of the forest____.

A. living              B. alive                C. lively               D. live

4. ____ talking with his Grandma, he went away without saying a word.

A. Tiring with     B. Tiring of         C. Tired with       D. Tired of

5. It’s necessary to have some____ knowledge for this job.

A. electric            B. electrical          C. elctron             D. electricity

6. The photo____ on the wall was taken in Beijing last year.

A. hang               B. hanging          C. hung               D. hanged

7. On New Year’s Day, people, especially girls, always wear new____-new hats, new coats, new trousers and new shoes.

A. clothes            B. clothing          C. cloth                D. cloths

8. He stays up____ in the evenings to go online to get the____ information.

A. late, latest        B. lately, last        C. late, last           D. latest, latest

9. ____ is it to ask her about her about that? She doesn’t know it either.

A. What good      B. How good  C. What a good  D. How much good

10. ____ I had done it I knew I had made a mistake.

A. Hardly            B. Directly          C. mostly             D. Nearly

11. It is said you went to see Jenny yesterday. What has become___ her?

A. from               B. of                    C. into                 D. /

12. Who do you think will be allowed____ there tomorrow?

A. visit                B. to visit            C. visiting            D. visited

13. Today we can either fly to Hainan Island or take a ship___ the sea.

A. in                    B. across             C. from in            D. across from

14. You wil find what great benefit the computer you own can be____ each time you use it to help you work.

A. for                  B. of                    C. at                     D. on

15. I thought he was not____ of a professor the first time I heard him speaking to the children at the platform in the hall of our school.

A. something       B. anything                   C. somebody       D. anybody

16. We’ve missed the last bus. I’m afraid we have no____ but to take a taxi.

A. way                B. choice             C. possibility       D. selection

17. ____ students have graduated from this school in the last twenty years.

A. Tens of thousands of                  B. Tens upon thousands of

C. Tens in thousands                       D. Ten thousands of

18. The farmers plan to produce three times____ in the year before last to meet the increasing need of the people.

A. of crop as much this year as       B. as much crop this year as

C. as more crop this year as            D. much crop this year than

19. I think the house is____ large for a family of four people and the price is very reasonable.

A. too                  B. rather              C. fairly               D. a little

20. His mother dislikes him, for he____ lies.

A. tells       B. is always telling       C. has told           D. always told

1-5 ABBDB  6-10 BBAAB  11-15 BBDBB  16-20 BABCB

第2講

一、Language points

1.                     sb./sth.+adj/n

                       sb./sth.+to do

  consider(以為，認(rèn)為)＋ sb./sth.+as

                       that-clause

                   n.

  consider(考慮)＋  doing

                   疑問詞+to do sth

  “把…當(dāng)作…”的譯法：consider…as

    =think of/look on/take/regard/treat/have…as

2.          to do

   A way+  of doing

           (that/in which)+定語從句

   A method of doing sth

                         by this means

You can solve the problem+  with this method

                         in this way

by means of:通過…方式，以…手段

by this/that means:通過這種/那種方式

    by all means:務(wù)必，一定；（用于回答）當(dāng)然行，請(qǐng)

    by no means:決不，一點(diǎn)也不（用于句首時(shí)用倒裝）

3. protect…(from) doing sth

  prevent/stop…(from) doing sth

     keep…from doing

     keep…doing

  under the potection of…

4. as well

  as well as

  might/may as well=had better

5.           to do

  specially+  for-phrase

  especially

6.  along the river:沿著河流

   over the river:在河的正上方

   through the forest:穿過森林

   by the river:在河邊

   on the bank:在河岸上

7.  follow the instructions

    follow one’s advice

    as follows

8. be responsible to sb for sth

9.       n.

        doing/to do sth

        sb to do sth

prefer+  sth to sth

        doing A to doing B

        to do A rather than do sth

        that sb (should) do sth

10.  n.+after +n.=one +n. +after another

       一個(gè)接一個(gè)（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的重復(fù)）

     n. +by +n.: 一個(gè)接一個(gè)（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的變化）

     tree after tree/day by day

11.              say “hi” to sb.

                 Please remember me to sb.

向“某人”問好   Send my regards to sb.

                 Send the best wishes to sb.

12. 主+be +adj. +to do: 不定式一般用主動(dòng)式，與主語存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以當(dāng)不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則應(yīng)在其后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。

主+be +adj. +to do= It be +adj.+ (for/of sb) +to do sth

eg. This question is difficult to answer.

=It’s difficult to answer the question.

The man is hard to work with.=It’s hard to work with the man.

當(dāng)不定式用作定語時(shí)，與其所修飾的詞之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且主語為該動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，也常常用主動(dòng)形式。

Eg. He wants water to drink.

   She has a room to live in.

I will go to Beijing tomorrow. Do you have anything to be taken there?

1. 考查冠詞的一些基本用法，例如：復(fù)數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指不用任何冠詞；the+單數(shù)名詞表類指；a/an+單數(shù)名詞表泛指。

2. 考查冠詞的習(xí)慣用法。如：in case of fire, be wounded in the leg, on the telephone, leave college等。

3. 考查冠詞的活用。如：抽象名詞的具體化，a success; a/an+專有名詞表泛指，an Edison。

4. 考查零冠詞的用法。

結(jié)構(gòu)型試題常表現(xiàn)在句子中某些成分的省略、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的出現(xiàn)、倒裝或插入其他成分使前后分離等，從而引起句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化，擾亂對(duì)句子的判斷。

1.        有省略的復(fù)合句。由于賓語從句或定語從句中謂語部分行為動(dòng)詞的省略，導(dǎo)致對(duì)不定式作狀語產(chǎn)生誤解。

2.        標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的影響。由于受漢語習(xí)慣的影響，往往會(huì)因?yàn)榫渥又械臉?biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，弄錯(cuò)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

3.        插入語的影響。有些句子由于中間插入了某些成分，而使句子顯得支離破碎，造成對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的誤解。

4.        倒裝句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)完全倒裝；(2)部分倒裝：1）在特殊疑問句和一般疑問句中；2）so/neither/nor+do/be/have/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語；3）當(dāng)虛擬語氣的條件從句中省略if時(shí)，were, had, 和should應(yīng)置于句首，采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)；4）表示祝愿的句子：may+主語+動(dòng)詞原形；5）as, though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)：提前部分+as+主語+謂語動(dòng)詞；6）表示否定意義的副詞、介詞短語和連詞詞組置于句首；7）當(dāng)not until+時(shí)間狀語從句置于句首時(shí)，主句應(yīng)采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，而從句仍用正常語序；8）not only…but also…連接兩個(gè)句子時(shí)，第一個(gè)句子采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，第二個(gè)句子不采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)；9）no sooner…tham…, hardly…when…, scarcely…when…都表示“一…就…”，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作接連發(fā)生，當(dāng)no sooner, hardly和scarcely置于句首時(shí)，主句常把had置于主語之前，采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但從句不倒裝。 10）only+副詞/介詞短語/賓語/時(shí)間狀語從句置于句首時(shí)，常采用倒裝，但only+主語則不應(yīng)采用倒裝；11）在so/such…that…引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，將so+adj./adv.或such置于句首時(shí)，其主句常采用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

5.        強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，感嘆句，并列句的應(yīng)用。

6.        獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。1) n+to do; 2) n+doing; 3) n+done; 4)n+prep.+n.; 5) n+adj/adv; 6)n+n; 7) with+n+to do/doing/done/adj/adv/prep+n.

1. He said he would do what he could____ us.

A. help                B. to help            C. helping            D. helped

2. He spent all the money he had____ that dictionary.

A. buy                 B. to buy             C. buying            D. bought

3. There are more than three thousand students in my school, most of____ from the country.

A. that                 B. which              C. whom             D. them

4. It is his cleverness, not his strenth, ____ defeated his rival.

A. that                 B. which              C. what                D. who

5. The way you think of_____ our living conditions sounds reasonable.

A. improve          B. to improve      C. improving       D. improvement

6. I feel strongly that whatever you____ matter to me.

A. don’t              B. do doesn’t       C. don’t do          D. doesn’t do

7. Is this school____ you studied in two years ago?

A. that                 B. when               C. it                     D. the one

8. Please tell me the way thought of____ the garden.

A. take care of              B. to take care of

C. taking care of           D. how to take care of

9. Mr Wang was much disappointed to see the washing machine he had had____ went wrong again.

A. it repaired       B. to be repaired  C. repaired         D. repairing

10. We will do everything we can____ our city.

A. to save            B. save                C. saving             D. saved

11. The air quality in Beijing as well as in the neighboring cities we once spent much time____ better and better.

A. in getting        B. having got       C. in is getting     D. has got

12. Who did the teacher, as well as the monitor, ____ an article for the wall newspaper?

A. has write         B. has written      C. have write       D. have written

13. What do you consider____ to her?

A. to happen        B. happening       C. happened        D. happens

14. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to____ some schools for poor children.

A. set up              B. setting up        C. have set up      D. having set up

15. To his joy, the day he looked forward to____ at last?

A. coming           B. come               C. came               D. have come

16. How long do you think it is____ she arrived here?

A. when              B. that                  C. before             D. since

1-5 BCDAB   6-10 BDBCA   11-16 CCCBCD