A recent study shows that gossip（流言蜚語）is more powerful than truth．It suggests people believe what they hear through the grapevine(小道消息)__36__they have evidence to the contrary．
Researchers, __37__students using a computer game, also found gossip played an important role when people __38__ decisions．"We show that gossip has a strong __39__, even when people have __40__ to the original information as well as gossip about the same information．Thus, it is __41__ that gossip has a strong controlling potential," said Ralf Sommerfeld, who led the study．
In the study, the researchers __42__ the students money and allowed them to give it to others in a series of rounds．The students also wrote __43__ about how others played the game that everyone could review．Students tended to give __44__ money to people described as “scrooges (吝嗇鬼)” and more to those described as “__45__ players”．“People only believed the gossip, not the past decisions," Sommerfeld said in a telephone interview．
The researchers then took the game a step_46_and showed the students the actual decisions people had made．But they also supplied false gossip that contradicted that __47_．In these cases, the students_48_ their decisions to award money on the gossip, __49__ the hard evidence．
“If you know what the people did, you should care, but they still __50__ what others said,” Sommerfeld said．Researchers have __51__ used similar games to study how people cooperate and the __52__ of gossip in groups．Scientists define gossip __53__ social information spread about a person who is not __54__．In evolutionary terms, gossip can be an important tool for people to __55__ information about others' reputations or find the way through social networks at work and in their everyday lives．
36．A．in case     B．for fear that     C．a(chǎn)s if  D．even if    
37．A．testing     B．checking C．examining       D．experimenting
38．A．draw       B．make       C．reach       D．conclude
39．A．impression      B．difference       C．influence D．function
40．A．a(chǎn)ccess      B．entrance   C．charge     D．communication
41．A．curious    B．serious     C．obvious    D．worth
42．A．impressed      B．a(chǎn)sked       C．showed    D．gave
43．A．a(chǎn)rticles    B．notes       C．dairies     D．letters
44．A．less B．more       C．fewer       D．much
45．A．general    B．mean       C．generous D．outgoing
46．A．a(chǎn)way       B．forward   C．a(chǎn)head       D．further
47．A．existence B．evidence C．confidence      D．dependence
48．A．based       B．put   C．focused    D．passed
49．A．more than       B．less than   C．rather than      D．other than
50．A．referred to      B．listened to       C．turned to D．stuck to
51．A．soon        B．presently C．far    D．long
52．A．strength   B．energy     C．effect     D．force
53．A．a(chǎn)s     B．for   C．to     D．by
54．A．a(chǎn)bsent      B．present     C．gone  D．missing
55．A．a(chǎn)chieve    B．earn C．a(chǎn)cquire    D．win

36---55   DABCA   CDBAC   DBACB   DCABC  

這是一篇議論文。本文議論的主題是：流言比事實更具威力，即：人們更容易聽信流言蜚語，即使人們掌握了事實依據(jù), 他們還是更易相信與事實不符的小道消息。
36．D。由首句意思“流言比事實更具威力”可知，此處需要表示讓步的從屬連詞才能使句子完整，所以even if“縱使，即使”是最佳選項。句意為：即使人們掌握了事實依據(jù), 他們還是更易相信與事實不符的小道消息。    
37．A。據(jù)德國邁克斯?普蘭克研究所負責(zé)人、進化生物學(xué)家拉爾夫?索姆費爾德介紹，研究人員借助一個電腦游戲?qū)W(xué)生們進行測試。testing測試，檢測；checking 核實，查實； examining 考試，檢查；experimenting實驗。
38．B。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，流言在人們做決定的過程中起了重要作用。make a decision作決定，是固定短語。draw/reach /conclude a decision 得出結(jié)論。
39．C。即便在研究對象知道了真相的情況下，流言仍有很強的影響力。have a strong influence具有很強的影響力。
40．A。have access to固定短語，意為：有（使用某物或接近某人的）機會或權(quán)利或條件。 
41．C。由此看來，流言顯然具有很強的操縱力。obvious 顯然的，明顯的。
42．D。在試驗過程中，研究人員發(fā)給學(xué)生們一些錢并讓他們分幾輪把錢發(fā)給其他人。由后面的give it to others in a series of rounds 可知此處是gave。
43．B。學(xué)生們還得記錄其他同伴在游戲中的所作所為，以供大家參考。write notes作記錄，作筆記。
44．A。索姆費爾德說，學(xué)生們傾向于發(fā)較少的錢給那些被描述為“吝嗇鬼”的人，less與下文more 形成對比。
45．C。而發(fā)較多的錢給那些“慷慨的玩家”。generous players與上文的scrooges形成對比。
46．D。研究人員又進行了幾輪游戲，并在這幾輪中告訴大家每個人的真實決定。further進一步地；又。
47．B。但研究人員同時還“散布”了一些與真實依據(jù)相矛盾的流言。evidence 證據(jù)，依據(jù)。
48．A．在這幾輪中，學(xué)生們?nèi)匀桓鶕?jù)他們聽到的流言來決定發(fā)錢的多少。base sth．on sth．依某事物為另一事物的根據(jù)/證據(jù)。
49．C．而不是根據(jù)擺在面前的事實。rather than而不是。other than 除……之外。
50．B。如果你了解了真實情況，那就應(yīng)該有所考慮，可他們?nèi)匀宦犘帕餮�。listened to傾聽，聽取。
51．D。研究人員長期用類似的游戲來研究人們?nèi)绾魏献骷傲餮詫τ趫F隊的影響。 long 長期地。
52．C。effect影響。
53．A�？茖W(xué)家將流言定義為人們散布的有關(guān)不在場的人的社會信息。define… as…把……定義為……
54．B．present 在場的，出席的。
55．C。從進化論角度來說，流言是人們獲取其他人社會評價信息及游刃于工作和日常生活中各種社會關(guān)系網(wǎng)的重要工具。acquire 獲取，獲得。
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IV. 閱讀理解(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A
The private automobile(私家車) has long played an important role in the United States. In fact, it has become a necessary and important part of the American way of life. In 1986, sixty-nine percent of American families owned at least one car, and thirty-eight percent had more than one. By giving workers rapid transportation, the automobile has freed them from having to live near their place of work. This has encouraged the growth of the cities, but it has also led to traffic problems.
For farm families the automobile is very helpful. It has made it possible for them to travel to town very often for business and for pleasure, and also to transport their children to distant schools.
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C．explain the main reason for violence acts in schools
D．a(chǎn)nalyze an education problem and give opinions
54．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A．Advantages and Disadvantages of Private Classes
B．Who is to Blame．Parents or Schools?   
C．which is Better, School Study or Home Study  
D．The Relationship between Teachers and Children   
55．Parents prefer to have their children educated at home because the following EXCEPT that            
A．More and more violence acts occur in schools   
B．Parents want to improve their Children's grades   
C．Parents are concerned about their children’s safety
D．The education system is far from satisfactory   
56． We can infer from the passage that          ．
A．violence TV programs have bad effects on children’s behavior
B．the teacher at home is more patient than the teacher at school
C．children today are weak from lack of sense of right and wrong
D．there ale too many students in class for a teacher to teach

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