In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad, for it sets one person against another and it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.
I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit （追求） of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.
However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society.
Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn’t matter because I really didn’t try.” What is not usually admitted by them is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth.
Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one’s self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve （緩解） can we discover a new meaning in competition.
小題1:The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 refers to those who ______.
A．a(chǎn)re against competition most strongly.B．a(chǎn)re fond of competition very much.
C．a(chǎn)re satisfied with competition.D．a(chǎn)re interested in competition
小題2:According to the passage, why do some people support competition?
A．Because they think friendly relationship needs it.
B．Because they think social progress and prosperity need it.
C．Because they think it can make us become cleverer.
D．Because they think it can deal with many personal problems.
小題3:We can learn from the passage that __________.
A．a(chǎn)ll the people have the same opinion about competition
B．Failure can make most people feel down
C．Both the true competitors and those with a desire to fail believe one’s worth lies in his performance compared with others
D．Competition can make every competitor successful
小題4:The passage manly talks about different opinions about ________.
A．competitionB．successC．failureD．friendship

小題1:A
小題2:B
小題3:C
小題4:A

小題1:（解析：根據(jù)“the most vocal”前后語境中的“blame competition”及“who have suffered
under competitive pressures from their parents or society.”可知A是正確選項。）
小題2:（解析：根據(jù)第一段中的“Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social
progress and prosperity.”可知，選項B是正確答案。）
小題3:（解析：綜合第三、四段有關(guān)信息可知C是正確選項。）
小題4:（解析：全文主要談?wù)摿巳藗儗ompetition的各種觀點。）
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


A recent study shows that gossip（流言蜚語）is more powerful than truth．It suggests people believe what they hear through the grapevine(小道消息)__36__they have evidence to the contrary．
Researchers, __37__students using a computer game, also found gossip played an important role when people __38__ decisions．"We show that gossip has a strong __39__, even when people have __40__ to the original information as well as gossip about the same information．Thus, it is __41__ that gossip has a strong controlling potential," said Ralf Sommerfeld, who led the study．
In the study, the researchers __42__ the students money and allowed them to give it to others in a series of rounds．The students also wrote __43__ about how others played the game that everyone could review．Students tended to give __44__ money to people described as “scrooges (吝嗇鬼)” and more to those described as “__45__ players”．“People only believed the gossip, not the past decisions," Sommerfeld said in a telephone interview．
The researchers then took the game a step_46_and showed the students the actual decisions people had made．But they also supplied false gossip that contradicted that __47_．In these cases, the students_48_ their decisions to award money on the gossip, __49__ the hard evidence．
“If you know what the people did, you should care, but they still __50__ what others said,” Sommerfeld said．Researchers have __51__ used similar games to study how people cooperate and the __52__ of gossip in groups．Scientists define gossip __53__ social information spread about a person who is not __54__．In evolutionary terms, gossip can be an important tool for people to __55__ information about others' reputations or find the way through social networks at work and in their everyday lives．
36．A．in case     B．for fear that     C．a(chǎn)s if  D．even if    
37．A．testing     B．checking C．examining       D．experimenting
38．A．draw       B．make       C．reach       D．conclude
39．A．impression      B．difference       C．influence D．function
40．A．a(chǎn)ccess      B．entrance   C．charge     D．communication
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43．A．a(chǎn)rticles    B．notes       C．dairies     D．letters
44．A．less B．more       C．fewer       D．much
45．A．general    B．mean       C．generous D．outgoing
46．A．a(chǎn)way       B．forward   C．a(chǎn)head       D．further
47．A．existence B．evidence C．confidence      D．dependence
48．A．based       B．put   C．focused    D．passed
49．A．more than       B．less than   C．rather than      D．other than
50．A．referred to      B．listened to       C．turned to D．stuck to
51．A．soon        B．presently C．far    D．long
52．A．strength   B．energy     C．effect     D．force
53．A．a(chǎn)s     B．for   C．to     D．by
54．A．a(chǎn)bsent      B．present     C．gone  D．missing
55．A．a(chǎn)chieve    B．earn C．a(chǎn)cquire    D．win

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Handshaking, though a European practise is often seen in big cities of China. Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe. It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met, they showed their unarmed (無武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each other’s hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement. This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other. “Let’s shake (hands) on it” sometimes means agreement reached.
Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet? No. Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite. It is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party, especially when it is a woman, shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or-her. Even if, for politeness, he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand, just touch it slightly- There is generally a misunderstanding (誤解) among the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straight forward, while the Chinese are rather reserved (保守的) in manner. But in fact some people in western countries more reserved than some Chinese today. So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you.
64. In the old days in Europe, people put out their unarmed hands to each other ______.
A. to make a deal                          B. to greet each other
C. to show friendliness                       D. to reach an agreement
65. The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.
A. where handshaking was first practised
B. how handshaking came about
C. about the relationship between handshaking and trade
D. about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China
66. According to the text. which of the following statements is true?
A. Westerners are more reserved than the Chinese.
B. Westerners are unwilling to shake hands.
C. We should make a judgment before shaking hands.
D. We shouldn’t shake hands with European women.
67. The main purpose of the text is ______.
A. to tell us some differences between the East and the West
B. to offer us some important facts about handshaking
C. to introduce us to some different customs in the West
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Planting trees around poultry farms can improve air and water quality -- and relations with neighbors. Research has shown that just three rows of trees near poultry houses can reduce the release of dust and ammonia(氨). They can also reduce the strong smell of ammonia gas.
The trees take dust, ammonia and odors in their leaves. They also provide shade from the sun, so they reduce cooling costs in summer. And they act as a windbreak, so they reduce heating costs in winter. Trees can also improve water quality around farms by removing pollutions from soil and groundwater.
Several years ago, people were objecting to the odor of poultry farms on the Delmarva Peninsula in the eastern United State s. Delmarva is where the states of Delaware, Maryland and Virginia come together. Two thousand farms there can each house an average of seventy-five thousand chickens.
Traditionally the farms used windows to provide fresh air in the chicken houses. Farmers rarely planted trees or tall crops around the buildings, so there would be no barrier to the airflow. But then farms began to use new ventilation systems. Instead of windows, the new systems used tunnel fans to circulate air. The fans directed airflow from the poultry houses toward the homes of neighbors.
Researchers began dealing with the problem in two thousand. They found that over a period of six years, planting three rows of trees reduced total dust and ammonia by more than half. And they found that smells were reduced by eighteen percent.
Farmers may think trees will take too long to grow and be effective. But some trees can grow quickly. At least one-third of the Delmarva farms have planted trees, technically known as vegetative environmental buffers. The idea offers a way to cut pollution, save money and energy, and make the neighbors happy.
小題1:The second paragraph mainly tells us ______.
A．planting trees as much as possible
B．the advantages of trees
C．how to reduce heating costs
D．why trees are received
小題2:The word “odor” in paragraph 3 means ______.
A．plantB．smellC．heightD．water
小題3:The farms on the Delmarva Peninsula used to use ______ in chicken houses to provide fresh air.
A．treesB．tunnel fansC．windowsD．poles
小題4:It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that ______.
A．three rows of trees are really good to the environment
B．researches began to realize the problem in 2000
C．most farmers show interest in planting trees
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Fifteen percent of US teenagers aged 12 to 17 who own mobile phones have received nude（裸體）or nearly nude images of someone they know, according to a survey released on Tuesday.
Only four percent of mobile phone-owning   1 in that age group have sent sexually suggestive pictures of themselves, a practice known as "sexting,"   2 the Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project.
The Pew survey found that girls and boys were equally as likely to have sent a suggestive picture to   3 person and 4  teenagers were more likely to have engaged in "sexting."
Eight percent of 17-year-olds with mobile phones have sent a sexually provocative（刺激的） image  5  texting and 30 percent have 6   a nude or nearly nude image on their phone.
Only four percent of 12-year-olds have sent suggestive images of   7 .
Amanda Lenhart, a senior research specialist at Pew and the author of the report, said sexually suggestive images have become a   8  of "relationship currency" for teens.
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"The desire for risk-taking and sexual exploration during the teenage years  13  with a constant connection via mobile devices creates a 'perfect storm' for sexting," said Lenhart.
"Teenagers have always grappled with issues around sex and   14  , but their coming-of-age mistakes transgressions have never been so easily   15  and stored for others to see," she added.
The survey found that teens with unlimited text messaging plans were more likely to receive "sexts"   16  images of people they know. About 75 percent of mobile phone owning teens have unlimited plans.
Among this group, Pew said 18 percent reporting receiving "sexts"    17   with eight percent of teens on    18  data plans and three percent of teens who pay per message.
According to Pew, 58 percent of 12-year-olds own a mobile phone and 83 percent teens aged 17   19   .
Pew noted that a number of US states are grappling with how to 20  "sexting" among minors and some legislatures(立法機(jī)關(guān)) have stepped in to consider laws that would downgrade charges from felonies（重罪） to misdemeanors（輕罪）.
Pew conducted telephone interviews with 800 teens aged 12 to 17 and their parents between June 26 and September 24.
(   ) 1. A. teens                  B. adults               C. students            D. parents
(   ) 2. A. referring to               B. reporting          C. saying              D. according to
(   ) 3. A. other                 B. another             C. others               D. the other
(   ) 4. A. younger             B. fewer                      C. older                D. more
(   ) 5. A. by                     B. in                    C. on                    D. through
(   ) 6. A. accepted             B. received           C. sent                  D. mailed
(   ) 7. A. others                B. themselves        C. himself             D. herself
(   ) 8. A. habit                  B. system              C. method             D. form
(   ) 9. A. shared                B. limited             C. tasted                      D. controlled
(   ) 10. A. remaining         B. gaining             C. maintaining      D. obtain
(   ) 11. A. along                      B. by                    C. as                    D. for
(   ) 12. A. joy                  B. fun                  C. excitement        D. delight
(   ) 13. A. compared         B. followed           C. combined         D. went
(   ) 14. A. friendships       B. scholarships      C. relatives           D. relationships
(   ) 15. A. transmitted       B. transformed      C. formed             D. switched
(   ) 16. A. containing               B. concluding        C. including          D. concerning
(   ) 17. A. comparing               B. compared         C. connected         D. joined
(   ) 18. A. limited             B. unlimited          C. few                  D. little
(   ) 19. A. have                B. same                C. do                    D. too
(   ) 20. A. do with            B. deal with          C. remove             D. ban

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually lasts only a few minutes or a few hours．This kind of loneliness is not serious．In fact, it is quite normal．For some people, though, loneliness can last for years．Now researchers say there are three different kinds of loneliness．
The first kind of loneliness is temporary．This is the most common type．It usually disappears quickly and does not need any special attention．
The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a certain situation, for example, a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place．Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year．
The third kind of loneliness is the most severe．Unlike the second type, chronic （長期的） loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause．People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and being close to others．Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition．
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Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease．While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal and healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a very sad and sometimes dangerous condition．
小題1:Which of the following can be the cause of situational loneliness?
A．Sleeplessness．B．Changing work．
C．Heart disease．D．Social contacts．
小題2:The underlined word "it" in the last sentence of the third paragraph refers to _____ ．
A．headachesB．situational loneliness
C．sleeplessnessD．temporary loneliness
小題3:How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?
A．Just ignore it．B．Talk to friends．
C．Go to see a doctor．D．Ask your teachers for guidance．
小題4:What can we learn from the passage?
A．People feel lonely in a certain situation．
B．There are only three types of loneliness in our life．
C．Loneliness doesn't affect people much．
D．Scientists have found ways to help habitually lonely people．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Macao, also called Macau, is on the western side of the Pearl River entrance, at the head of which is the Chinese port of Guangdong and it stands opposite Hong Kong which is on the eastern side of the entrance. It is made of a small narrow peninsula(半島) sticking out from Guangdong province. The total area of Macao is about 21.45 square kilometers, and it is made up of three parts: Macao Peninsula, Dingbat Isle and Lehman Isle.
Between Macao Peninsula and Dingbat Isle there are two bridges which join the two parts together, and there is also a highway between the Dingbat and Lehman Isles. Therefore, two bridges and one highway make the three parts of Macao into an integrated region(一個整體).
Macao faces to the vast sea and its back is the Pearl River Delta. The two big cities, Hong Kong and Guangzhou, and the two special economic zones Hula and Shenzhen are its neighbors. All of this offers much advantage for its economic development.
Macao has a population of about 450, 000. This is very large against the size of the area. The average population density(密度) reaches 20, 000 per square kilometer. It is one of the densest population regions in the world. The majority of its people are Chinese, who make up 96% of the whole population.
小題1:Which is the advantage for Macao’s economic development?
A．Macao is on the coast line.
B．Macao is near some big cities or special economic zones.
C．Macao’s back is a rich delta.
D．All of the above.
小題2:In Macao there are only about _______ people who are not Chinese.
A．18,000B．20,000
C．21,450D．428,000

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


E
Researchers have just offered evidence in a study that says obesity appears to spread through social ties, much like a virus. When one person gains weight, their close friends often follow, but the finding might also offer hope.
If friends help make obesity acceptable, then might also be influential in losing the fat. The researchers note that support groups are already an effective tool in dealing with other socially influenced problems, like alcoholism.
The findings appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine, The researchers used information collected from 12,000 people. It was collected between 1971 and 2003 as part of the Framingham Heart Study.
The information was highly detailed. There was even contact information for close friends of the people in the study.
The researchers examined more than 40,000 social ties. They found that a person’s chances of becoming severely overweight increased by 57% if a friend had become obese.
Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School was a lead investigator in the study. He says there is a direct causal relationship between a person getting fat and being followed in weight gain by a friend.
The study found that the sex of the friends was also an influence. In same-sex friendships, a person had a 70% increased risk of becoming obese. Men had a 44% increased risk of becoming obese after weight gain in brothers. In sisters, it was 67%. Between husbands and wives, it was a little less than 40%.
The researchers also considered the effect of where people lived in relation to each other. James Fowler of the University of California, San Diego, was the other lead investigator. He says a friend who lives a few hundred kilometers away has as much influence as one in the same neighborhood. He says the study demonstrates the need to consider that a major part of people’s health is tied to their social connections.
Both investigators say their research shows that obesity is not just a private medical issue, but a public health problem.
67. What does the underlined sentence in Para2.mean?
A. Obesity has a negative influence on a close friend.
B. Friends might also play a part in losing weight.
C. One might have a positive influence on one’s friend.
D. Friends usually don’t follow each other to lose weight.
68. Who is mostly likely to gain weight?
A. A man who has a fat brother.     
B. A husband who has a fat wife.
C. A wife who has a fat husband. 
D. A woman who a fat female friend.
69. Which of the following statements doesn’t the passage agree with?
A. You are sure to lose weight if you have a skinny friend.
B. If one gains weight, one’s friends are likely to get fat.
C. A person’s health is closely linked with his /her social relationship.
D. Even if the friend lives far away, the influence still remains.
70. The reason why the study involves both family members and friends is that _____.
A. researchers fail to find a more different sample
B. researchers have different ideas for family members and friends
C. researchers can meet these people regularly
D. researchers can compare the results

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


C.
After blogging regularly for two months, people felt they had better social support and friendship networks than those who don’t blog. Blogging can help you feel less isolated, more connected to a community and more satisfied with your friendships, both online and face-to-face, new Australian research has found.
Researchers James Baker and Professor Susan Moore from Swinburne University of Technology in Melbourne have written two papers investigating the psychological benefits of blogging, regularly updating personal web pages with information that invites others to comment.
The first, published in the latest issue of the journal Cyber Psychology & Behavior, compares the mental health of people intending to blog with that of people not planning to blog. Moore says the researchers messaged 600 My Space users personally and directed them to an online survey. A total of 134 completed the questionnaire; 84 intended to blog and 50 didn’t.
“We found potential bloggers were less satisfied with their friendships and they felt less socially integrated, and they didn’t feel as much part of a community as the people who weren’t interested in blogging…” Moore says. “It was as if they were saying ‘I’m going to do this blogging and it’s going to help me.’”
And it seemed to do the trick, as the researchers’ second study shows. This study, which is yet to be published, was conducted two months later. The researchers sent out questionnaires to the same group of My Space users; this time 59 responded. Bloggers reported a greater sense of belonging to a group of like-minded people and feeling more confident for they could rely on others for help. All respondents, whether or not they blogged, reported feeling less anxious, depressed and stressed after two months of online social networking.
“So going onto My Space had lifted the mood of all participants in some way,” Moore says. “Maybe they’d just made more social connections.” Moore acknowledges this early research and hopes to follow a larger group of people for a longer period time to test some of the research findings.
46. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. The mental health of bloggers                        B. Blogging improves one’s social life.
C. What kind of people are likely to blog             D. Blogging has become more popular.
47. It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that ______.
A. those who were not interested in blogging didn’t have good mental health.
B. people were likely to become bloggers if they felt socially isolated
C. potential bloggers were those who had mental health problems
D. potential bloggers usually held a wrong view about blogging
48. The purpose of the second study is to find out ______.
A. what people do on My Space
B. how many people became bloggers
C. how people felt after blogging for two months
D. how many people kept blogging after two months
49. The second study shows that ______.
A. online social networking can do people good
B. only bloggers benefit from online social networking
C. not many potential bloggers became real bloggers
D. not all bloggers found the help they needed
50. The main purpose of people going on My Space is probably to ______.
A. exchange goods                                                 B. entertain themselves
C. seek help                                                          D. exchange views

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