Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it's because we have mirror neurons (神經(jīng)元）in our brains.
Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate (模仿)it，whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further： mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions y they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.
Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to ( for example ："The hand took hold of the ball" ) , the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).
Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much researeh suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.
Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact(互動(dòng)）.Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent (相等物）for ncurosciencc of what Einstein's theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does--well，perhaps you'll understand why.
小題1:Mirror neurons can explain         .
A．why we cry when we are hurt
B．why we cough when we suffer from a cold
C．why we smile when we see someone else smile
D．why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late
小題2:The underlined word "triggered" in the third paragraph probably means “  ”
A．set offB．cut offC．built upD．broken up
小題3:We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons  .
A．relate to human behavior and interaction
B．control human physical actions and feelings
C．result in bad behavior and social disorders
D．determine our knowledge and language abilities
小題4:What is the passage mainly about?
A．Ways to find mirror neurons.
B．Problems of mirror neurons.
C．Existence of mirror neurons.
D．Functions of mirror neurons.

小題1:C
小題2:A
小題3:A
小題4:D
解釋微笑——說(shuō)明類(lèi)
【文章大意】你知道別人打呵欠你也跟著打呵欠，在眾多正在大笑的人群中而你很難不笑嗎？這是你的神經(jīng)元起作用，本文主要講述神經(jīng)元對(duì)于人類(lèi)的行為和人類(lèi)互動(dòng)的作用。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句話the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate (模仿)it，whether or not we actually perform the same action.可知答案為C項(xiàng)。
小題2:詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文的perform和本句的含義可知“如果他們給人們一些句子來(lái)聽(tīng)，那么他們就會(huì)發(fā)出同樣的神經(jīng)元和進(jìn)行一些行為動(dòng)作一樣。所以劃線部分單詞意為“發(fā)出”和set off近義。
小題3:推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact(互動(dòng)）可知答案。
小題4:主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的疑問(wèn)句引出神經(jīng)元和下文解釋神經(jīng)元對(duì)于人類(lèi)行為和互動(dòng)提供更多的信息可以知道本文主要告訴我們mirror neurons的作用，D項(xiàng)能概括文章大意。
【長(zhǎng)難句解析】
Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate (模仿)it，whether or not we actually perform the same action.
簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，神經(jīng)元的存在說(shuō)明每當(dāng)我們看到別人做其他事情的時(shí)候，無(wú)論我們是否想表演同樣的動(dòng)作，我們的大腦就都會(huì)模仿。
本句中的suggest意為“說(shuō)明“，every time“每當(dāng)…的時(shí)候”，whether or not“無(wú)論是否”。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空


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A．do not believe the prediction that no one will own cars by 2020
B．a(chǎn)re devoted to the technological revolution in car industry
C．consider the predictions seriously
D．have put the super-intelligent car into mass production
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  2. We will own as many cars as we want.
  3. All cars will be driven by computers.
  4. Cars will produce more pollution than present ones.
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  2. many societies would stop functioning without cars
  3. cars should not be owned by one individual
  4. it causes many deaths to human society
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  2. The weather condition will not have effect on motorists.
  3. There will be less pollution caused by car.
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


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No experiment in 106 years had broken that speed limit．Physicists expect strict study to follow, which OPERA and CERN scientists welcomed．
Fermilab operates a similar experiment, called MINOS, that shoots neutrinos from Illinois to an underground detector in Minnesota．In 2007, MINOS discovered a just detectable amount of faster than-light neutrinos, but the permissible difference of error was too big to "mention" , Plunkett said．
Fermilab scientists will reanalyze their data, which will take six to eight months．In 2013, the MINOS detector, now offline, will restart after an upgrade．It could then offer confirmation of the results．
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A．Because they are so unexpected．
B．Because the scientists do not believe them．
C．Because the scientists are careful and calm．
D．Because they are against the present law of physics．
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A．a(chǎn)mazingB．a(chǎn)ttractiveC．embarrassingD．sensitive
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A．Are the laws of physics in disorder?
B．Particles faster than light; Revolution or mistake?
C．Faster than light measurement: right or wrong?
D．Is Einstein's theory still right today?
小題4:What may be discussed in the paragraphs to follow?
A．Different opinions about the experiment．
B．How Albert Einstein's theory developed．
C．The new rules for how the universe works．
D．How Fermilab scientists will reanalyze their data．

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Keeping a busy social life among lots of friends may keep people thinner than spending hours doing some exercises, according to scientists. They say that socialising and meeting with friends help increase levels of brown fat in the body which burns calories(卡路里)to produce heat.
Living in an exciting social environment was found to reduce fat in mice's belly by half over four weeks, even if they ate more. US researchers say that social excitement aids weight loss by turning white fat into brown. White fat stores calories and makes us fatter, while brown burns energy to produce heat. Turning white fat into brown is extremely difficult，normally
requiring long- term stay in cold conditions or exciting part of the body's nervous system.
However, scientists from Ohio State University now think that having a busy social life is an even more effective way of changing white fat into brown. The team came up with their theory by studying the effects of various living environments on mice. Those, who lived alongside a greater number of mice, had more space and toys to excite themselves and then lost far more weight over the course of the study than their “couch potato" fellows.
Study author, Dr Matthew During, whose team's findings appear in the journal Cell Metabolism, said, "I'm still amazed at the degree of fat loss that occurs." Explaining how new technology had threatened face-to-face socialising, he added, "It's not just a sedentary(久坐 的)lifestyle and high calorie foods, but an increasing lack of social activities." Co-author Dr Lei Cao said，"Loneliness is a potential factor for cancer and death; it's equal to cigarette smoking to a certain extent. Social activities are very vital.，，
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A．Brown fat stores calories and makes us fatter.
B．It doesn't take long to turn white fat into brown.
C．Social excitement helps gain more weight.
D．Brown fat can burn energy to produce heat.
小題2:Which of the following statement does the text support?
A．Levels of brown fat can be increased by socialising.
B．The mice lacking social life lose more weight.
C．The research findings haven't been published so far.
D．Dr Matthew During wasn't convinced of the result.
小題3:We can conclude from the text that _______.
A．the fat in mice's belly was reduced because of the relaxing environment
B．a(chǎn) sedentary lifestyle and high calories foods influence people's social life
C．surfing the Internet may influence people's face-to-face communication
D．cancer and death are mainly caused for lack of social life
小題4:What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Brown fat is beneficial to people's health.
B．Socialising is unnecessarily important in people's daily life.
C．White fat can be changed into brown fat.
D．Socialising contributes to people's losing weight.

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