The day after news broke of a possible revolution in physics ——particles （粒子） moving faster than light ?a scientist leading the European experiment that made the discovery calmly explained it to a standing-room- only crowd at CERN．
The physicist, Dario Auterio, did not try to explain what the results might mean for the laws of physics, let alone the broader world．After an hour of technical talk, he simply said, "Therefore, we present to you today this difference, this unusualness．"
But what unusualness it may be．From 2009 through 2011, the massive OPERA detector （探測器）buried in a mountain in Gran Sasso, Italy, recorded subatomic particles called neutrinos （ 中微子） arriving faster than light can move in an empty space．The neutrinos generated at CERN are hardly detectably early．If confirmed, the finding would throw more than a century of physics into disorder．
"If it's correct, it's phenomenal．" said Rob Plunkett, a scientist at Fermilab, the Department of Energy physics laboratory in Illinois．"We'd be looking at a whole new set of rules" for how the universe works．Those rules would bend, or possibly break, Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity, published in 1905．Basical at the time, the theory tied together space and time, matter and energy, and set a hard limit for the speed of light, later measured to be about 186, 000 miles per second．
No experiment in 106 years had broken that speed limit．Physicists expect strict study to follow, which OPERA and CERN scientists welcomed．
Fermilab operates a similar experiment, called MINOS, that shoots neutrinos from Illinois to an underground detector in Minnesota．In 2007, MINOS discovered a just detectable amount of faster than-light neutrinos, but the permissible difference of error was too big to "mention" , Plunkett said．
Fermilab scientists will reanalyze their data, which will take six to eight months．In 2013, the MINOS detector, now offline, will restart after an upgrade．It could then offer confirmation of the results．
小題1:Why are the European scientists not sure about the results of the experiment?
A．Because they are so unexpected．
B．Because the scientists do not believe them．
C．Because the scientists are careful and calm．
D．Because they are against the present law of physics．
小題2:The underlined word " phenomenal" in the fourth paragraph has the closest meaning to          .
A．a(chǎn)mazingB．a(chǎn)ttractiveC．embarrassingD．sensitive
小題3:The best title for the passage may be _____．
A．Are the laws of physics in disorder?
B．Particles faster than light; Revolution or mistake?
C．Faster than light measurement: right or wrong?
D．Is Einstein's theory still right today?
小題4:What may be discussed in the paragraphs to follow?
A．Different opinions about the experiment．
B．How Albert Einstein's theory developed．
C．The new rules for how the universe works．
D．How Fermilab scientists will reanalyze their data．

小題1:D
小題2:A
小題3:B
小題4:D
文章講述的是一個科學實驗的結(jié)果，即粒子運動速度可以超過光速，所產(chǎn)生的影響。
小題1:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段If confirmed, the finding would throw more than a century of physics into disorder和第四段的Those rules would bend, or possibly break, Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity, published in 1905可知，這個結(jié)果與現(xiàn)在的物理理論相違背。
小題2:猜測詞義題，根據(jù)We'd be looking at a whole new set of rules可知，這個發(fā)現(xiàn)太神奇了，令人驚訝的。
小題3:主旨大意題，根據(jù)第一段的中心句可知，文章主要講的是這樣一個結(jié)論和他的影響。
小題4:根據(jù)最后一段Fermilab scientists will reanalyze their data可知，下文就如何再次分析他們的數(shù)據(jù)作詳細的說明。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Do you know how it is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it's because we have mirror neurons (神經(jīng)元）in our brains.
Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate (模仿)it，whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about how we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes further： mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions y they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.
Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to ( for example ："The hand took hold of the ball" ) , the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).
Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much researeh suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully functioning. However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.
Research into mirror neurons seems to provide us with ever more information concerning how humans behave and interact(互動）.Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent (相等物）for ncurosciencc of what Einstein's theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else does--well，perhaps you'll understand why.
小題1:Mirror neurons can explain         .
A．why we cry when we are hurt
B．why we cough when we suffer from a cold
C．why we smile when we see someone else smile
D．why we yawn when we see someone else stay up late
小題2:The underlined word "triggered" in the third paragraph probably means “  ”
A．set offB．cut offC．built upD．broken up
小題3:We can learn from the passage that mirror neurons  .
A．relate to human behavior and interaction
B．control human physical actions and feelings
C．result in bad behavior and social disorders
D．determine our knowledge and language abilities
小題4:What is the passage mainly about?
A．Ways to find mirror neurons.
B．Problems of mirror neurons.
C．Existence of mirror neurons.
D．Functions of mirror neurons.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Centerville High School Essay Contest  “Write All About It”
Calling All Aspiring Authors—Centerville High School Essay Contest
◇Rules
1．Students are asked to present essays of 500 to 700 words of their own work. Any essay containing material plagiarized(剽竊) from another source will be disqualified（取消資格）.
2．Manuscripts should be typed double－spaced，with the student's name，address，and grade level on a separate sheet of paper.
3．Essays must be turned in by 4∶00 p.m. on November 30.They can be brought to Mrs. Elton in Rom 104 or to Mr. Markham in the school library.
◇Essay－Writing Tips
1．Catch your readers' interests—Your opening should immediately pull your readers into your essay. Asking a question or starting with an story，quotation，or surprising statement is a good way to do this.
2．Create a picture—Use active words that show your readers what is happening. Instead of telling your readers vaguely that “the room was disordered”，paint a picture using active verbs and lively adjectives.
3．Have a purpose—Well－written essays do more than just describe an incident or express a viewpoint，and they also communicate a message.
4．Check for mistakes—Read your paper over to check for mistakes. Ask another student to read your paper and make suggestions. Another pair of eyes will often spot a mistake you've overlooked.
5．Format your essay—Neatly type your essay on white paper. Choose an attractive cover for submission. The computer lab will be open after school from 3∶15 to 4∶45 p．m. each day this month so that students can use the computers.
◇Prizes
Winning essays will be published in the Centerville Times. Every contestant(選手)will also receive a free pass to enter one school activity or athletic game this year.
First Prize：　　　$150
Second Prize:    Dictionary and thesaurus
Third Prize:     Pen set and journal
Special thanks to the Centerville Writers' Association for the prizes to help encourage our aspiring authors. Good luck to all contestants.
小題1:The first writing tip given is mostly about________.
A．the use of quotations and stories in an essay
B．using active verbs and lively adjectives
C．how a student should begin an essay
D．how to submit your essays
小題2:Information in the passage suggests that________.
A．the essay contest has been carefully planned
B．the students of the school are all athletic lovers
C．most essay contestants have published their work previously
D．Mr. Markham is an English teacher at Centerville High School
小題3:The prize section of the poster is included in order to________.
A．show organizations how to donate prizes
B．inform teachers of the prizes available
C．persuade students to enter the essay contest
D．convince students to buy the local newspaper
小題4:Thanks are given to the Centerville Writers' Association because it has________.
A．offered to judge the contest
B．prepared the essay－writing tips
C．organized the essay contest
D．donated prizes for the contest
小題5:What do we know by inference from the passage?
A．The computer lab usually closes at 4∶15 p.m. each day.
B．Winning essays will be published in the Centerville Times.
C．Every contestant will benefit from the essay contest.
D．The essay contest is held annually at Centerville High School.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


People who eat at home most of the time have better nutrition than those who go out to eat , a recent study shows. Cornell University professors Lana Hall and Karen Bunch interviewed（面試，接見） 3900 people in the survey. “People who eat less than 30 percent of their food away from home eat the most nutritiously,” they said.
“In general, Americans don’t have nutrient, except for iron and calcium,” they reported. They have the opposite problem——over—consumption(過度消耗), especially of fat.
The food at many fast food restaurants is often low in vitamins. “People who eat more than 30 percent of total calories away from home eat foods that are generally low in nutrients per calorie,” the professors said. More calories and enough nutrient intake（吸收） are required to achieve.
One of the major health risks（風險） is eating too much fat. The professor found than fat consumption became greater as income（收入） went up. It also went up in houses where the female worked. This is probably because these people eat more highly processed （加工的）foods.
小題1:According to the passage, which of the following suggestions would you most readily take?
A．Eat out as many times as possible
B．Eat at home as many times as possible
C．Eat foods with a lot if iron, calcium and fat
D．Eat more highly processed foods
小題2:What is the result if people often dine out according to the passage?
A．They tend to have better nutrition
B．They tend to have less nutrition
C．They can save a lot of time
D．They will spend much money on it
小題3:Nowadays, a major health risk that people face is_______.
A．Eating too much fast foodB．Frequent dining out
C．Eating at home very oftenD．Eating too much fat
小題4:The passage is about       .
A．Eating and Health
B．The Life Style in Modern Society
C．Fast food in the USA
D．Dining out Lowers Nutrient Intake

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted（預測）in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.
Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.
Increased carbon dioxide（CO2）in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.
“Predicting species’ reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology,” said the researches of several U.S. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.
The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated（低估）the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.
“Across all species, the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance — for both leafing and flowering — that results from temperature increases,” the study said.
The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.
Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis（光合作用）to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.
Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8℃ since 1900, and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979.
So far, efforts to cut emissions（排放）of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃ this century — a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.
小題1:What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?
A．Plants’ reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystem.
B．The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists’ expectation.
C．Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.
D．Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.
小題2:We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that ______.
A．plants’ flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafing
B．there are 1,634 plant species on the four continents
C．scientists should improve the design of the experiments
D．the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change
小題3:Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because _______.
A．they can prove the climate change clearly
B．they are very important in the food chains
C．they play a leading role in reducing global warming
D．they are growing and flowering much faster than before
小題4:What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world’s temperature?
A．It has risen nearly 0.2℃ since 1979.
B．Its change will lead to weather extremes.
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


A new study of 8,000 young people in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior shows that although love can make adults live healthily and happily, it is a bad thing for young people.  Puppy love（早戀）may bring stress for young people and can lead to depression. The study shows that girls become more depressed than boys, and younger girls are the worst of all.
The possible reason for the connection between love and higher risk of depression for girls is “l(fā)oss of self”. According to the study，even though boys would say “l(fā)ose themselves in a romantic relationship”, this “l(fā)oss of self” is much more likely to lead to depression when it happens to girls. Young girls who have romantic relationships usually like hiding their feelings and opinions. They won’t tell that to their parents.
Dr Marianm Kaufman，an expert on young people problems, says 15% to 20% young people will have depression during their growing. Trying romance often causes the depression. She advises kids not to jump into romance too early. During growing up, it is important for young people to build strong friendships and a strong sense of self. She also suggests the parents should encourage their kids to keep close to their friends，attend more interesting school activities and spend enough time with family.
Parents should watch for signs of depression—eating or mood changes—and if they see signs from their daughters or sons, they need to give help. The good news is that the connection between romance and depression seems to become weak with age．Love will always make us feel young，but only maturity gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects.
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A．Puppy love may bring young people depression.
B．Parents should forbid their children’s love.
C．Romance is a two­edged sword for adults.
D．Romance is good for young people.
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A．Young people who have a strong sense of selfishness.
B．Young boys whose parents watch for their behavior.
C．Young girls who always hide their feelings and opinions.
D．Careless parents whose children are deep in love.
小題3:What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Lacking love can lead young people to grow up more quickly.
B．Early love makes young people keep close to their friends and parents.
C．Parents should help their children to be aware of the signs of depression.
D．The older a woman is, the less likely she seems to lose herself in romance.
小題4:What’s the author’s attitude towards puppy love?
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


Growing up in the U.S.A., I always wanted to experience another culture. The   1  came when I was 15. After several months of   2 , I was ready to spend the second term of my first year of high school as an exchange student in Australia.
Landing in Perth was one of the most exciting moments of my life. I   3  then that there was no turning back. The family I would live with was waiting for me, and it would be only five days   4  the new school year started.
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The few weeks we enjoyed together were crowded with   10  . We took a day-cruise on Darling Harbor and visited the Sydney Opera House. We slept in an “underground town”. We walked around the famous Ayers Rock and went sailing on the Pacific Ocean.
At the end of our   11  in Australia, we had three weeks of traveling time to share our stories and help each other deal with leaving. It was   12  that our last day together was filled with tears. We packed our camp, exchanged e-mail addresses, and gathered together for a final good-bye.
小題1:
A．dreamB．vacationC．privilegeD．opportunity
小題2:
A．examiningB．preparingC．stayingD．resting
小題3:
A．realizedB．wonderedC．wishedD．concluded
小題4:
A．whenB．sinceC．untilD．before
小題5:
A．visitedB．involvedC．a(chǎn)ttendedD．studied
小題6:
A．persuadedB．a(chǎn)llowedC．determinedD．forced
小題7:
A．a(chǎn)lwaysB．intentionallyC．speciallyD．especially
小題8:
A．toughlyB．a(chǎn)nnoyinglyC．smoothlyD．strangely
小題9:
A．destinationsB．worksitesC．habitatsD．shelters
小題10:
A．challengesB．a(chǎn)musementsC．a(chǎn)ssignmentsD．a(chǎn)ctivities
小題11:
A．holidayB．stayC．workD．tour
小題12:
A．naturalB．essentialC．embarrassingD．unexpected

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Word Power
Author（s）: Kaplan $13,95
You'll never be at a loss for words again．Energize your vocabulary with must-know everyday words that are the essentials of a good vocabulary, engaging lessons to help you use words in text, hot words often found on tests, tips to help you figure out new words, roots, and more．
Grades: 8 & up Ages: 13 & up
Word Smart Junior
Author（s）: Russell Stauffer $ 17．95
Now this is the way to add new words to your vocabulary! Word Smart Junior will make you laugh so much．You'll be amazed that you've just learned more than 120 fascinating and very useful words! Parents, teachers, and friends will marvel at your eloquence （口才）!
Grades: 3-5 Ages: 8-10
Grammar Smart Junior
Author（s）: Marcia Reynolds $ 16．85
Do you quake when your teacher says, "Now it's time for grammar"? Do your verbs agree with your subjects?
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Grammar Smart: An Audio Guide to Perfect Usage
Author（s）: Julian Fleisher $ 12．68
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B．Word Smart Junior
C．Grammar Smart Junior
D．Grammar Smart: An Audio Guide to Perfect Usage
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A．You will be clearly familiar with grammar
B．You will know the history of grammar
C．You will know the make-up of grammar
D．You will learn about the future of grammar
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

People have been growing chrysanthemums（菊花）for more than 2,000 years. Mums make bright and colorful gardens. People in China and other Asian cultures make tea with the flowers.
One basic kind of mum is the garden mum. The other basic kind is the florist mum. The garden mum is better able to handle different growing conditions.
There are many varieties of mums. The decorative mum is often seen in gardens. Another popular type, the quill mum, has long, straight petals（花瓣）like a tube or needle.
Chrysanthemum blooms can be white, yellow, gold, red or other colors. The plants often grow one meter high.
The soil for chrysanthemums should be kept moist but well drained so it does not get too wet.
Newly-planted mums should be watered two or three times a week, depending on conditions. Plants established in the ground may do well just with normal rainfall.
Mums grow best in full sunshine. They produce colorful blooms when days get shorter and nights get longer. The life cycle of the plant depends on the amount of daylight. This is why experts advise against placing mums near night lights or street lights. The light may interfere with their normal growth cycle. The plants may develop buds too soon.
In climates where temperatures fall below freezing, plant mums at least six weeks before the first frost. That way, the plants will be well established for cold weather.
Some gardeners say the most beautiful presentation comes from planting mums close together. But be sure to leave enough space to let air flow between the plants. If not, there may be a greater chance of disease.
To get more blooms, gardeners pinch（掐）back the branches when new growth has reached fifteen centimeters. Squeeze about five to seven centimeters off each branch. Pinch it again when a branch grows another twelve to fifteen centimeters. Stop the pinching about one hundred days before you want the plants to bloom.
小題1: What has a great effect on the life cycle of the mum?
A．The conditions of the soil.B．The amount of daylight.
C．The amount of rainfall.D．Cold weather.
小題2:Why do gardeners pinch back the branches when new growth reaches certain length?
A．To make mums grow thick.B．To get more blooms.
C．To prevent mums from falling ill.D．To let air flow between the plants.
小題3: Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Growing mums has a very long history and all the people in the world like making tea with mums.
B．Mums can grow one meter high and the closer they are planted, the higher they grow.
C．Though planting mums close together can make them look more beautiful, enough space should be left.
D．The petals of mums are long and straight and the more water mums get, the more quickly they grow.

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