Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted（預(yù)測）in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.
Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.
Increased carbon dioxide（CO2）in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.
“Predicting species’ reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology,” said the researches of several U.S. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.
The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated（低估）the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.
“Across all species, the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance — for both leafing and flowering — that results from temperature increases,” the study said.
The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.
Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis（光合作用）to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.
Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8℃ since 1900, and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979.
So far, efforts to cut emissions（排放）of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃ this century — a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.
小題1:What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?
A．Plants’ reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystem.
B．The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists’ expectation.
C．Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.
D．Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.
小題2:We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that ______.
A．plants’ flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafing
B．there are 1,634 plant species on the four continents
C．scientists should improve the design of the experiments
D．the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change
小題3:Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because _______.
A．they can prove the climate change clearly
B．they are very important in the food chains
C．they play a leading role in reducing global warming
D．they are growing and flowering much faster than before
小題4:What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world’s temperature?
A．It has risen nearly 0.2℃ since 1979.
B．Its change will lead to weather extremes.
C．It is 0.8℃ higher in 1979 than that of 1990.
D．It needs to be controlled within 2℃ in this century.

小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:B
小題4:D
本文為科普類文章。文章論述了全球變暖的氣候環(huán)境會讓植物提前生長開花，進(jìn)而影響整個食物鏈及生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第一段話給讀者傳達(dá)的主要信息存在于主句，而不是which所引導(dǎo)的定語從句上。根據(jù)“Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted”可知，作者是要告知讀者植物開花的增速超出了科學(xué)家的預(yù)期。故選B。A為次要信息。
小題2:推理判斷題。第五段話“It found that some experiments had underestimated（低估）the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times”暗示讀者：對于植物所設(shè)計的實驗應(yīng)該有所改進(jìn)，故答案選C。
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services”可知植物對氣候變化的反應(yīng)對整個食物鏈和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)都至關(guān)重要。故答案選B。
小題4:推理判斷題。從倒數(shù)第二段“…h(huán)as risen by about 0.8℃ since 1900, and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979”可知A、C項錯誤；從最后一段敘述可知，如果本世紀(jì)地球變暖超過2℃，便會出現(xiàn)weather extremes。暗示我們這個世紀(jì)地球溫度的上升需要控制在2℃的范圍之內(nèi)。故答案選D。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


Seven loyal readers came to the Teens’ office two weeks ago. They had a wonderful day learning how to make a newspaper. But what   36  made them excited was that they had their say（發(fā)表意見）.
“What most impressed me was   37  I was saying something, I found all eyes were   38  me,” said Tang Shining, one of the students. Her friend, Li Chunbei agreed, and felt very glad that when she was talking, the editors nodded and even   39 notes.
Students were happy to see the editors listen to their   40 . You may often   41  about being neglected (忽略) by teachers and parents.   42  before complaining, please   43  that you have already spoken about your thoughts.
It’s common in China that teachers at school and parents were   44  the ones to tell teenagers what they should and shouldn’t do. The young are   45  to doing what they are told, rather than thinking by themselves. But then their ideas would be locked in their brains and not be    46 .
A girl wrote to Teens about her family   47 . She used to be very sad because her father seldom talked and played with her. After years of consideration, she   48  decided to write her father a letter, telling him about her sadness. To her   49 , the father   50 , saying that he didn’t realize his mistakes. From then on, he really  51 .
Sometimes, we need to let our   52  be heard, so others can understand our thoughts and feelings. Don’t be afraid of being   53  for what you have done. You know it is your   54  to speak your mind.   55   your ideas are denied (否定), at least you have tried your best. You will not be left with any regret.
小題1:
A．directlyB．really C．completelyD．immediately
小題2:
A．whenB．howC．whereD．what
小題3:
A．a(chǎn)tB．forC．inD．on
小題4:
A．readB．sawC．tookD．copied
小題5:
A．speechesB．opinionsC．songsD．a(chǎn)rticles
小題6:
A．complainB．talkC．writeD．speak
小題7:
A．And B．So C．Instead D．But
小題8:
A．make goodB．make ofC．make sureD．make up
小題9:
A．seldomB．never C．hardlyD．a(chǎn)lways
小題10:
A．reducedB．usedC．a(chǎn)dvised D．told
小題11:
A．remembered B．usedC．heardD．touched
小題12:
A．historyB．storyC．eventD．report
小題13:
A．sadlyB．suddenlyC．finally D．a(chǎn)ngrily
小題14:
A．sorrowB．disappointmentC．joy. D．surprise
小題15:
A．smiled.B．a(chǎn)pologizedC．laughed D．shouted
小題16:
A．changedB．exchangedC．talkedD．played
小題17:
A．decisionsB．voices C．suggestions D．secrets
小題18:
A．blamed(責(zé)備)B．punishedC．beatenD．fined（罰款）
小題19:
A．dutyB．task（任務(wù)）C．pleasureD．right （權(quán)利）
小題20:
A．BecauseB．Even if C．Instead D．Not until

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

BERLIN — With the crisis in Japan raising fears about nuclear power, Germany and Switzerland said on Monday that they would reassess the safety of their own reactors.
Doris Leuthard, the Swiss energy minister, said Switzerland would put off plans to build nuclear plants. She said no new ones would be permitted until experts had reviewed safety standards.
Germany will put off “the recently decided extension of the running time of German nuclear plants,” Chancellor Angela Merkel told reporters. “This moratorium（延緩）will run for three months and it will allow for a thorough examination of the safety standards of the county’s 17 nuclear power plants.
The European Union called for a meeting on Tuesday of nuclear safety authorities to assess Europe’s preparedness.
Germany’s foreign minister, Guido Westerwelle, called for a new risk analysis of the country’s nuclear plants, particularly regarding their cooling systems. He is the leader of the Free Democratic Party, which strongly supports nuclear power.
A previous government, led by the Social Democrats, passed a law in 2001 to close all the country’s nuclear plants by 2021. But Mrs. Merkel’s government changed that decision last year to extend the lives of the plants by an average of 12 years.
In Switzerland, Doris Leuthard said she had already asked to analyze the exact cause of the problems in Japan and draw up new or tougher safety standards “particularly in terms of seismic(地震的) safety and cooling.”
In Russia, the Prime Minister said his government would “draw conclusions from what’s going on in Japan.”
小題1:Where can you most likely read this passage?
A．In a newspaper.B．In a magazine.
C．In a science report. D．In a diary.
小題2:How will Germany react to Japan’s nuclear crisis?
A．Germany will close all the country’s nuclear plants.
B．Germany will hold a meeting of nuclear safety authorities.
C．Germany will change the decision made last year.
D．Germany will delay the extension of nuclear plants running time.
小題3:The author mentions all the following EXCEPT ______.
A．The moratorium in Germany will give time to examine the nuclear plants safety standards.
B．Switzerland will not build new nuclear plants unless they meet the experts’ safety standards.
C．The Social Democrats in Germany shares the same view with the Free Democratic Party.
D．Russia will try to learn something from the nuclear power crisis in Japan.
小題4:What is the best title of the passage?
A．Watch Out for the Danger of Nuclear Power
B．Europe Is against Building Nuclear Plants
C．Nuclear Plants in Europe Are Delayed
D．Opinions on Nuclear Power Are Opposite.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

How to Beat On-line Credit-card Thieves
The Internet has led to a huge increase in credit-card fraud. Your card information could even be for sale in an illegal web site.
Web sites offering cheap services should be regarded with care. On-line shoppers who enter their credit-card information may never receive the goods they thought they bought.
The thieves then go shopping with your card number--- or sell the information over internet.
Computers hackers（黑客） have broken down security（安全） systems raising questions about the safety of cardholder information. Several months ago, 25,000 customers of CD Universe, and on-line music retailer（批發(fā)商）, were not lucky. Their name, addresses and credit-card numbers were posted on a web site after the retailer refused to pay US $157,828 to get back the information.
Credit-card firms are now fighting against on-line fraud. Master-card is working on plans for Web-only credit card, with a lower credit limit. The card could be used only for shopping on-line. However, there are a few simple steps you can take to keep from being cheated.
Ask about your credit-firm’s on-line rules. Under British law, cardholders are responsible for the first US $78 of any fraudulent spending.
And shop only at secure sites: Send your credit-card information only if the web site offers advanced secure system. If the security is in place, a letter will appear in the bottom right-hand corner of your screen. The web site address may also start the extra “s” stands for secure.
If you still have any doubt, give your credit-card information over the telephone.
Keep your password safe: Most on-line sites require a user name and password before placing an order. Treat your password with care.
小題1:What do most people worry about the Internet according to this passage?
A．fraud on the InternetB．computer hackers
C．illegal web siteD．shopping on line
小題2:How many pieces of advice does the passage give to you?
A．1B．2C．3D．4
小題3:You are shopping on the web and you want to buy a TV set, what does this article suggest doing?
A．You can go to the website and buy it without doubt.
B．Send your credit card information as soon as the web asks you to do so.
C．Give your credit card information over telephone if you have doubt.
D．Don’t pay money until your TV set is sent to you.
小題4:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Computer hackers sold the retailer’s information to a web site to get money.
B．A reliable website offers you an advanced secure system.
C．You can depend on the password to protect your information.
D．The on-line credit-card thieves stole your credit-card and paid with it.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

   In many parts of the world, cars play an important role in daily life and many societies would not exist without them. So the idea that in 20 years’ time, no one will own cars may be hard to believe. But this is the prediction made by a team of transport researchers who are taken seriously, not only by government but also by car manufacturers.
The Human Science and Advanced Technology Institute at Loughborough in the UK is part of an international research program. The team there believes that by 2020 all cars will be computerized, which will mean much saving, no accidents and better use of roads. The super-intelligent car of the 21st century will drive itself, and it will not be owned by one individual. Instead, we will have a choice of cars and change them as frequently as we change our clothing.
According to Dr. David Davis , who leads the research team, these predictions are based on the rising cost of the car culture, which has blocked up our cities, polluted our air , and caused more deaths than both world wars put together.
Davis says, cars will be fitted with some intelligent devices to regulate the distance between one car and another. The car will automatically speed up, or slow down, to match the speed of the car in front. Computers are much safer drivers than people, so cars in a road train will be able to drive much closer together than cars driven by people.
By 2010, Dr. David Davis believes, car technology will give motorists a clear view of the road, whatever the weather conditions, by projecting an image of the road ahead on to the car’s windscreen. And by 2020, cars will travel in convoy, linked to each other electronically. Cars will be connected by an electronic tow bar to the car in front to form “road–trains”. “The front vehicle in such a train burns the normal amount.” says Davis. “But all the others in the train would burn about ten percent of the normal amount, and so produce about ten percent of the pollution.”
小題1:We know from the passage that governments and car manufacturers _______
A．do not believe the prediction that no one will own cars by 2020
B．a(chǎn)re devoted to the technological revolution in car industry
C．consider the predictions seriously
D．have put the super-intelligent car into mass production
小題2:Which of the following will be the characteristic of the cars of 2020?
  1. The car will speed up out of control.
  2. We will own as many cars as we want.
  3. All cars will be driven by computers.
  4. Cars will produce more pollution than present ones.
小題3:The leader of the research team believes that the present car culture should change because_________.
  1. cars play a very important role in daily life
  2. many societies would stop functioning without cars
  3. cars should not be owned by one individual
  4. it causes many deaths to human society
小題4:The expression closest in meaning to the phrase “in convoy” in the last paragraph is________.
A．in lineB．sidelongC．side by sideD．shoulder to shoulder
小題5:What will happen if cars are joined to each other electronically in 2020?
  1. Motorists will get a clear view of the road.
  2. The weather condition will not have effect on motorists.
  3. There will be less pollution caused by car.
  4. All trains will burn less fuel than present.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


The day after news broke of a possible revolution in physics ——particles （粒子） moving faster than light ?a scientist leading the European experiment that made the discovery calmly explained it to a standing-room- only crowd at CERN．
The physicist, Dario Auterio, did not try to explain what the results might mean for the laws of physics, let alone the broader world．After an hour of technical talk, he simply said, "Therefore, we present to you today this difference, this unusualness．"
But what unusualness it may be．From 2009 through 2011, the massive OPERA detector （探測器）buried in a mountain in Gran Sasso, Italy, recorded subatomic particles called neutrinos （ 中微子） arriving faster than light can move in an empty space．The neutrinos generated at CERN are hardly detectably early．If confirmed, the finding would throw more than a century of physics into disorder．
"If it's correct, it's phenomenal．" said Rob Plunkett, a scientist at Fermilab, the Department of Energy physics laboratory in Illinois．"We'd be looking at a whole new set of rules" for how the universe works．Those rules would bend, or possibly break, Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity, published in 1905．Basical at the time, the theory tied together space and time, matter and energy, and set a hard limit for the speed of light, later measured to be about 186, 000 miles per second．
No experiment in 106 years had broken that speed limit．Physicists expect strict study to follow, which OPERA and CERN scientists welcomed．
Fermilab operates a similar experiment, called MINOS, that shoots neutrinos from Illinois to an underground detector in Minnesota．In 2007, MINOS discovered a just detectable amount of faster than-light neutrinos, but the permissible difference of error was too big to "mention" , Plunkett said．
Fermilab scientists will reanalyze their data, which will take six to eight months．In 2013, the MINOS detector, now offline, will restart after an upgrade．It could then offer confirmation of the results．
小題1:Why are the European scientists not sure about the results of the experiment?
A．Because they are so unexpected．
B．Because the scientists do not believe them．
C．Because the scientists are careful and calm．
D．Because they are against the present law of physics．
小題2:The underlined word " phenomenal" in the fourth paragraph has the closest meaning to          .
A．a(chǎn)mazingB．a(chǎn)ttractiveC．embarrassingD．sensitive
小題3:The best title for the passage may be _____．
A．Are the laws of physics in disorder?
B．Particles faster than light; Revolution or mistake?
C．Faster than light measurement: right or wrong?
D．Is Einstein's theory still right today?
小題4:What may be discussed in the paragraphs to follow?
A．Different opinions about the experiment．
B．How Albert Einstein's theory developed．
C．The new rules for how the universe works．
D．How Fermilab scientists will reanalyze their data．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


[1] What do you do to take care of the books in your library? Some collectors(收藏者) refuse to read the books in their collection; so the books remain in good condition. Others buy two copies of a book: they read one, and leave the other untouched. However, many readers must read their books, but they still want to protect and care for the volumes. Here are some tips to remember if you want your books to remain in good condition.
[2] Avoid Writing. You may have been told to write in your books, or even to underline words, phrases, and paragraphs. But if you plan to keep the book, add it to your library, or even sell it — don't write in the book. The ink may damage your book forever. Use a notebook to take notes or use pieces of paper. If you are required to write in your book, use a pencil, and remove the markings later.
[3] Avoid Food and Drinks. Food and drinks are things that may be dangerous to your books, so the best way is to avoid eating or drinking while you read. If you need to read while you eat, make sure your fingers are clean and dry as you hold the book or turn the pages. Also, keep the book well away from the food and drinks.
[4] Take Care. When you handle your book, hold it with care. When you read the book, don't fold down the corners of the pages (use a bookmark instead). Don't place your book with the book open, face-down. You'd better use a book cover to keep your book in the best condition.
[5] Put it on the Shelf. If you want to take care of your books, keep your books on a shelf when ____________. But, also, take care that the books should be placed in an upright (豎立的) position.
小題1:What's the main idea of the text? (Please answer within 10 words.)
_________________________________________________________
小題2:Why shouldn't you use a pen if you have to write in your book? (Please answer within 10words.)
______________________  ___________________________________
小題3:Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?
A book cover may be what you need most to keep your book in the best shape.
____________________________  _____________________________
小題4:Fill in the blank in the last paragraph with proper words. (Please answer within 6 words.)
_________________________   ________________________________
小題5:Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese.
____________     ___________________________________________

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


People who are hit by lightning and survive often have long-term effects. These may include memory loss, sleep disorders, muscle pain and depression(郁悶).
Experts tell people to seek(尋找) the safety of a building or a hard-top vehicle any time they hear thunder, even if it is not raining. They say lightning can strike as far as sixteen kilometers from any rainfall. Lightning can travel sideways. And at least ten percent of lightning happens without any clouds overhead that you can see.
People who are outdoors should make sure they are not the tallest thing around. Bend(屈身) low to the ground, but do not lie down. And do not stand near a tree or any tall object. Get away from water and anything made of metal. A car is safe, but do not touch any metal inside.
Safety experts say people in buildings should stay away from anything with wires or pipes that lead to the outside. The National Weather Service says if you plan to disconnect any electronic equipment, do so before the storm arrives. Do not use a wired telephone. Do not use water. All these can carry electricity.
Some people think a person struck by lightning carries an electrical charge （電荷） afterward. Experts say this is not true. It is safe to begin emergency treatment.
Each year about four hundred people in the United States are struck by lightning. Last year forty four people died. The average(平均) is close to seventy. The National Weather Service says that is more than the number of people killed by severe storms.
小題1:According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A．Lightning can happen even if there is no cloud.
B．Lightning won’t do harm to people’s health.
C．Lightning can travel sideways.
D．Lightning can strike very far.
小題2:The underlined word “disconnect” (in Paragraph 4) refers to “_______”.
A．cut outB．interrupt C．disturbD．cut off
小題3:Which of the following mustn’t you do in order to seek lightning safety?
A．Hide in a building.B．Sit in a car.
C．Bend low to the ground.D．Lie under a tall tree.
小題4:Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?
A．The latest information about lightning.
B．Some common knowledge about lightning safety.
C．How lightning comes into being.　　
D．Where we should hide in case of lightning.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Most American students go to traditional public schools．There are about 88, 000 public schools, all over the US．Some students attend about 3000 independent public schools called charter schools．
Charter schools are self-governing．Private companies operate some charter schools．They are similar in some ways to traditional public schools．They receive tax money just as other public schools do．Charter schools must prove to local or state governments that their students are learning．These governments provide the schools with the agreement called a charter that permits them to operate．
Charter schools are different because they do not have to obey most laws governing traditional public schools．Local, state, or federal governments cannot tell them what to teach．Each school can choose its own goals and decide the ways it wants to reach them．Class size is usually smaller than in traditional public schools．
The Bush Administration strongly supports charter schools as a way to re-organize public schools that are failing to educate students．But some education agencies and unions oppose charter schools．One teachers' union has just made public the results of the first national study comparing the progress of students in traditional schools and charter schools．
The American Federation of Teachers criticized the government's delay in releasing the results of the study, which is called the National Assessment of Educational Progress．Union education experts say the study shows that charter school students performed worse on math and reading tests than students in regular public schools．
Some experts say the study is not a fair look at charter schools because students in those schools have more problems than students in traditional schools．Other education experts say the study results should make charter school officials demand improved student progress．
小題1:If a private company wants to operate a charter school, it must______．
A．try new methods of teachingB．prove its management ability
C．obey the local and state lawsD．get the government's permission
小題2:What's the government's attitude toward charter schools?
A．DoubtfulB．Supportive.C．Subjective．D．Optimistic．
小題3:What can we learn from the text?
A．More students choose to attend charter schools．
B．Charter schools are better than traditional schools．
C．Students in charter schools are well educated．
D．People have different opinions about charter schools．
小題4:It can be interred from the text that ___.
A．charter schools are part of the public education system
B．one-on-one attention should be paid to students
C．the number of charter schools will be limited
D．charter schools are all privately financed

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