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The poorer mental function seen among alcoholics，many of whom also regularly smoke cigarettes，may be partly due to the long term effects of nicotine(尼古丁)，new research suggests.
“People who are also smokers are at a much higher risk，” Dr.Jennifer  M.Glass of the University of Michigan's Addiction Research Center said. In her study，“Cigarette smoking has a bad effect on IQ and thinking，” she said.
This finding may seem counterintuitive(違反直覺的)，since many smokers show that they feel quicker and focused after smoking. Indeed，research shows that improved mental functioning is one of the immediate effects of nicotine exposure. Chronic(慢性的)smoking，however，is known to have the opposite effect. Studies show that up to 87 percent of alcoholics smoke cigarettes.
Yet，few studies have looked into cigarette smoking as a factor that might explain the cognitive(認知的)lack reported among alcoholics. To search for that association，Glass and her colleagues examined brain function among 172 men from the same area，including 103 men who abused alcohol. The team found that men with higher scores on the lifetime alcohol problems scale(LAPS)and those who reported a higher number of pack years of smoking both had lower IQ scores.
Upon further research，the researchers found that smoking also appeared to be independently associated  with weaker word and space reasoning.
Thus，though smoking did not account for all of the decreased mental functioning observed among the alcohol abusers，it did seem to account for some of the effects，the report indicates.
小題1:What is the passage mainly about?
A．Cigarette smoking contributes to decreased IQ and thinking.
B．Alcohol abuse is to blame for the poorer mental function.
C．Most of the alcoholics are also heavy smokers.
D．Non-smokers mostly have higher IQ scores.
小題2:The underline sentence “Chronic smoking, however, is known to have opposite effect” in paragraph 3  suggests:
A．Chronic smoking can improve mental functioning.
B．Chronic smoking has an immediate influence on mental functioning.
C．Chronic smoking has side effect on mental functioning improvement.
D．Chronic smokers feel quicker and focused after smoking.
小題3:From the passage we can learn that .
A．cigarette smoking is not related to reasoning
B．nicotine exposure can improve mental functioning temporarily
C．the long term effects of nicotine cause alcoholics
D．men with lower scores on the LAPS have lower IQ scores
小題4:It can be inferred from the passage that .
A．many alcoholics suffer a great deal from smoking
B．giving up smoking is significantly challenging for the alcoholics
C．alcoholics who do not smoke much have higher IQ scores
D．other factors can cause the poorer mental functioning besides smoking
小題5:The purpose of this passage is .
A．to warn us of the bad effects of smoking on IQ and thinking
B．to tell us why people are addicted to smoking
C．to give us some advice on how to improve IQ and reasoning
D．to compare the bad effects of alcohol and cigarette

小題1:A
小題2:C
小題3:B
小題4:D
小題5:A

試題分析：根據調查發(fā)現尼古丁對人體神經的長期影響在某種程度上是嗜酒成癮者智力下降的主要原因，因為他們中很多人同時也是老煙民。盡管抽煙并不是導致嗜酒成癮者神經系統(tǒng)識別功能降低的全部原因，但確實有一定的影響。提醒人們抽煙對智商和思維能力有消極的影響。
小題1:這是主旨大意題。根據In her study，“Cigarette smoking has a bad effect on IQ and thinking，抽煙對智商和思維能力有消極的影響，故選A。
小題2:這是細節(jié)理解題。因為很多人都覺得在抽完煙后反應會更敏捷，注意力更集中。研究結果顯示，抽煙后確實會有短暫的意識功能增強，但這只是尼古丁釋放的短暫效果之一。然而，長期抽煙會產生相反的效果。故選C。
小題3:這是細節(jié)理解題。Indeed，research shows that improved mental functioning is one of the immediate effects of nicotine exposure研究結果顯示，抽煙后確實會有短暫的意識功能增強故選B。
小題4:這是推理判斷題。根據though smoking did not account for all of the decreased mental functioning observed among the alcohol abusers，it did seem to account for some of the effects，the report indicates.研究報告認為，盡管抽煙并不是導致嗜酒成癮者神經系統(tǒng)識別功能降低的全部原因，但確實有一定的影響。故選D。
小題5:這是寫作意圖題。抽煙對智商和思維能力有消極的影響。故選A。
點評：推理判斷就是根據作者的意圖和傾向來完成相關的問題。 根據你對文章的理解，來判斷各個選項的正誤。最重要的就是讀懂句子的意思，找出文章的中心，這種閱讀是深層閱讀，但是你最重要的就是找出文章的中心意思，抓住主要句子和相關句子的意思就可以解決了，要注意題目中的一些關鍵詞和文章中的句子的對比，尤其是一些轉折詞、連詞等等。
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閱讀下面短文并回答問題，然后將答案寫到答題卡相應的位置上（請注意問題后的詞數要求）。
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小題3:          Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.
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