1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business .But he was not a good artist.So he invented a very simple camera (照相機).He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden .That was the first photo.
The next important date in the history of photography was 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and a different processs. In his pictures, you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest details. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype.
Soon, other people began to use Daguerre's process. Travellers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities and mountains.
In about 1840, the process was improved. Now photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. The process was not simple. The photographers had to carry lots of film and processing equipment. But this did not stop the photographers, especially in the United States, where from the 1840s daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities.
Mathew Brady was a well-known American photographer. He took many pictures of famous people. The pictures were unusual because they were very life-like and full of personality.
Brady was also the first person to take pictures of war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible
In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography. Photographers could buy film readymade in rolls. So they did not have to make the film immediately. They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later, meaning that they did not have to carry lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive.
With the small camera, anyone could be a photographer. People began to use cameras just for fun. They took pictures of their families, friends and favourite places. They called these pictures "snapshots".
Photographs became very popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books also used documentary photographs. These pictures showed true events and people. They were much more real than drawings.
Photography had turned into a form of art by the beginning of the 20th century. Some photographs were not just copies of the real world. They showed ideas and feelings, like other art forms.
小題1:The passage is mainly about______________.
A．the invention of cameras
B．a(chǎn) kind of new art -- photography
C．the development of photography
D．the different uses of cameras in history
小題2: The first pictures of a war were taken by ____________.
A．a(chǎn) French photographer in the 1840s
B．a(chǎn)n American photographer in the 1860s
C．a(chǎn) German reporter in the 1880s
D．a(chǎn) French artist in the 1890s
小題3: Which of the following statements is TRUE about the photography in the 19th century?
A．It was mainly based on the invention of the first photograph.
B．Photographers were popular in the United States because they carried lots of equipment.
C．Photographers used to make film themselves and developed it immediately after taking a photo.
D．Small handheld cameras made it possible for anyone to become a gifted photographer.
小題4:In which order are the following statements mentioned in the passage?
a. Photographs became popular in newspapers.
b. Photographers carried processing equipment when taking pictures.
c. The invention of small handheld cameras made photography easier.
d. Daguerre invented a kind of photograph called daguerreotype.
e. Brady took pictures of famous people.
A．e,a, d, b, cB．d, b, e, c, a
C．b, e, c, a, dD．d, c, e, a , b
小題5: Photography can also be an art form because artists can ____________.
A．take anything they like
B．keep a record of real life
C．take photos of the famous
D．show ideas and feelings in pictures

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:C
小題4:B
小題5:D

試題分析：這篇短文主要介紹了攝影術的發(fā)展歷史，其中重點介紹了每個歷史階段的重要人物。
小題1:這篇短文主要描述了攝影術的發(fā)展歷史，故選C，攝影術是怎樣發(fā)展的。
小題2:從第五段Mathew Brady was a well-known American photographer及第六段 Brady was also the first person to take pictures of war.His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities可知選答案B。
小題3:根據(jù)In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography. Photographers could buy film ready made in rolls. So they did not have to make the film immediately可知過去攝影者要自己做膠片，照相后馬上沖洗。故選C。
小題4:根據(jù)文章時間的時間順序可逐一找到信息，從而可知正確答案為B。
小題5:從文章最后一段Some photographs were not just copies of the real world. They showed ideas and feelings, like other art forms可判斷正確答案為D。
點評：本文中長句較多，一時很難讀懂句子含義，注意多讀幾遍，不要強求非得理解一詞一句的含義，能把握文章大意就行。然后帶著問題閱讀短文，一般就能順利找出答題依據(jù)。對于不能直接找到根據(jù)的問題注意聯(lián)系上下文，根據(jù)短文中心總結(jié)出正確答案。
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A．the world′s most famous art center
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小題1:The writer of this passage means to tell us ___________.
A．what Arthur Momand did to keep up with his neighbors
B．how the expression “keep up with the Joneses” came into being
C．what we should do to keep up with our neighbors
D．how we can live differently from others
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A．he wanted to live in a rich neighborhood
B．there was a country club for him to join
C．it was outside the city and good for horseback riding
D．his wife came from that area
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B．Momand and his wife kept themselves busy
C．Momand’s neighbors also gave parties one after another
D．Momand tried to compete with their neighbors in his way of life
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A．he moved back to a cheap place
B．he was not alone in keeping up with his neighbors
C．he made a mistake in following other people’s examples
D．he cared too much about what others thought of him
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A．Momand earned a lot of money when he got married
B．Momand was always very interested in riding horses
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