Many people write to newspaper and magazines to express their opinions. Letters to the editor must carry the writer’s full name, address and telephone number, although the information is not necessary for publication. This requirement to provide personal particulars is a clear indication that writers are held responsible for what they say. When a writer wants his voice heard, he needs to claim ownership of his voice. Responsibility is the name of the game.
“People today prefer living together to putting their signatures on a marriage certificate because they refuse to accept responsibility for the relationship,” said social worker Ken Yip, “and this is what is causing a lot of family problems.” When we sign a paper, for example, a business contract or a bank document, the signature is a seal of consent, an agreement to take the matter seriously. Most governments and many organizations will not process written complaints if they do not bear the writer’s signature. The absence of a signature, they explain, tells us that the writer cannot be too serious and therefore does not deserve a reply.
There are people who wish to remain anonymous（匿名的）for various reasons. Multi-billionaire Mr. King donates generously to charity several times a year. He gives simply because he wants to help but not for the publicity his donations may bring, and he does not want his good deeds to make news. In other cases, people insist on anonymity because they are afraid of the consequences of revealing their identity. Crime witnesses may be willing to assist the police, but most are unwilling to give their names when reporting a crime.
Name or no name? The answer is very personal and lies in how much we want to get involved. We all have a name. It is a matter if responsibility to use it when we make a statement, a claim or an accusation. We all want to honour our own name, and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our own name that we honour what we say.
小題1:What does the writer mean by saying “Responsibility is the name of the game”?
A．Writers need to provide their personal information in the game.
B．Publication must bear the writer’s full name, address and phone number.
C．Writers should be responsible for their names.
D．Names are required to indicate writers’ responsibility for what they say.
小題2:The second paragraph suggests that a paper without a signature may _______.
A．help to end a relationship B．not get a reply
C．be accepted all the same D．become a family problem
小題3:Some people don’t want their names known because they are ________.
A．hesitant to make a donationB．unwilling to draw public attention
C．a(chǎn)fraid of an accusationD．ready for involvement
小題4:The passage is mainly about _______.
A．honour and writersB．identity and signature
C．signature and responsibilityD．a(chǎn)nonymity and signature

小題1:D
小題2:B
小題3:B
小題4:C

小題1:推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的…is a clear indication that writers are held responsible for what they say可判斷D正確的。
小題2:推理判斷。第二段后半部分提到很多政府和組織不受理沒(méi)有簽名的投訴，并解釋說(shuō)上訴人不太嚴(yán)肅。
小題3:推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段是提到慈善匿名捐款的事例可知他們不想暴露在廣眾之下。
小題4:主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段話中的內(nèi)容可知簽名意味著為自己的話負(fù)責(zé)，又根據(jù)第二段和第四段的內(nèi)容可以判斷本文的中心話題是：簽名與責(zé)任。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured(施肥)a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars (紀(jì)念柱) in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized.
　　Animals fight; so do savages (野蠻人); hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently －this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done －is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels.            Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And it not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.
　　That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or disabled. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets －while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life － nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.
小題1:In the opening sentence the author indicates that ________.
A．conquerors, generals and soldiers should not be mentioned in history books.
B．history books focus more on those who helped civilization forward.
C．those who truly helped civilization forward is rarely mentioned in history books.
D．most history books were written by conquerors, generals and soldiers.
小題2:In the author’s opinion, the countries that ruled over a large number of other countries are           
A．certainly both the greatest and the most civilized
B．neither the most influential nor the most civilized.
C．possibly the most civilized but not the most powerful.
D．likely the greatest in some sense but not the most civilized.
小題3: The meaning of “it means saying that might is right.”(The last sentence of Paragraph 2) is that ________.
A．in a war only those who are powerful will win.
B．those who are right should fight against those who are wrong.
C．only those who are powerful have the right to go to war.
D．those who fight believe that the winner is right and the loser wrong.
小題4: In the third paragraph, what the author wants to convey to us is that ________.
A．we have fought fewer wars but suffered heavier casualties.
B．modern time is not so civilized compared with the past.
C．our age is not much better than those of the past.
D．World War I and World War II are different from previous wars.
小題5: According to the passage, who helped civilization forward?
A. The pioneers in science and technology.
B. Conquerors and generals.
C. Those setting disputes by force.
The experts in military matters
小題6: This passage is most likely taken from an article entitled ________.
A．Who Should Be Remembered
B．Civilization and History
C．War and World Peace
D．Great conquerors in the world

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Alomada Racraotion and Fork Deportment (ARFD)
(510)747­7529
TEEN TRIP TO
THE LELAND HIGH SNOW PLAY
FOR Teens Currently in 6th to 12th Grades
LELAND HIGH SNOW PLAY­Class #8389
Friday，December 9 (Non­Public School Holiday)
8∶00 a．m.to 7∶00 p．m.
Cost per person：$50 ($60 after January 22)—Includes：Lunch，Admission and Transportation
With a 4,000 sq.ft.day use lodge，the Leland High Snow Play has a huge supply of tubes to choose from，along with awesome tows(拖車) that will tow you up to the top of the hill！Our varied terrains(地形) have something for everyone，while the lodge provides a snack bar，video games，pool tables，five indoor restrooms，a warm fire，and a sun deck with plenty of tables and chairs over looking the play area outside.
Additional liability(責(zé)任) form required for the trip.
Be sure to bring warm clothing and prepare for the cold，but dress in layers in case it warms up.Wear dry boots，socks，and sunscreen.If possible，bring a mobile phone in case of emergency，as well as money for snacks and a light dinner；or bring your own food and drinks.Meet at The Underground (Veteran’s Building­2203 Central Avenue)—don’t be late!
Do not bring electronic or fragile items during the trip.The ARFD is not responsible for your personal belongings or money.
Refunds are issued only if the ARFD cancels this trip due to weather conditions.
Click here to download the registration form and “Leland High Snow Play Liability Form”．
?Register in person，or mail the completed form to Leland High Snow Play，Inc.Send the liability form and payment to the ARFD Office,2226 Santa Clara Avenue，Alameda.
?Fax the registration and liability form accepted with VISA，(510)747­7566.
?Online registrations available at www.arpdeplay.com. Make sure you bring your completed liability form on the trip.
小題1:According to the text，the cost doesn’t include ________.
A．lunchB．drinks
C．a(chǎn)dmissionD．transportation
小題2:The purpose of the text is to ________.
A．introduce a famous tour agency
B．explain the details of a school activity
C．urge teenagers to climb a snowy mountain
D．a(chǎn)dvertise a trip to the Leland High Snow Play
小題3:Teenagers who want to take part in the activity need to ________.
A．wear some warm clothes
B．climb the hill themselves
C．pay for tows individually
D．wear hats to protect themselves from the sun
小題4:From the text it can be inferred that ________.
A．the activity is very dangerous
B．the weather there is changeable
C．the trip will involve outdoor activities only
D．12­year­old children are not allowed to take the trip

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge(劇增)of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse(反面)of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage marriage. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data show that economic downturns tend to putting off marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy comes to life, the number of marriages also rises.
The increase in divorce rates follows to the increase in women working outside the home. Yet, it may be wrong to jump to any simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wife’s work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible(似是而非的). Tensions grounded in financial problems often play a key role in ending a marriage. By raising a family’s standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her family’s financial and emotional stability.
Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union.
Also, a major part of women’s inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that, in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinners. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities.
小題1:The word “portend” (Line 2, Para.1) is closest in meaning to“_____”.
A．defyB．signalC．suffer fromD．result from
小題2:It is said in the passage that when the economy slides_____.
A．men would choose working women as their marriage partners
B．more women would get married to seek financial security
C．even working women would worry about their marriages
D．more people would prefer to remain single for the time being
小題3:If women find fulfillment through work outside the home,_____.
A．they are more likely to dominate their marriage partners
B．their husbands are expected to do more housework
C．their marriage ties can be strengthened
D．they tend to put their career before marriage
小題4:One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that_____.
A．they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom
B．they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands
C．they feel that their partners fail to live up to their expectations
D．they tend to suspect their husbands? loyalty to their marriage
小題5:Which of the following statements can best summarize the authors view in the passage?
A．The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economic situation of the country.
B．Even when economically independent, most women have to struggle for real equality in marriage.
C．In order to secure their marriage women should work outside the home and remain independent
D．The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage varies from case to case.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

To Chinese immigrants, in the mid-1800s, California was “The Land of the Golden Mountain.” In their homeland they had heard the words, “There’s gold in California.” They sailed 7,000miles to join the gold rush and strike it rich. Between 1849 and 1882, more than 30,000 Chinese came to California. Most were men. They had been farmers in China. They came here to be miners and laborers. They ended up doing many other jobs, too.
Like many other immigrants, they did not plan to stay in America. They came because of their ties to their homeland and their families. They planned to return to China with their fortunes and help their families.
Only a few Chinese gold miners struck it rich. Most picked over the areas that had been mined already. But still, white miners resented the Chinese. Slowly, they drove the “yellow peril” from the mining camps.
By the end of the 1850s, many Chinese returned home. Those who stayed found other jobs.
Few women had come west in the gold rush. The Chinese saw a good business opportunity. They began doing the jobs women would have done. Many became house servants. Many more opened  laundries.
The Chinese opened restaurants. Chop suey and show mein are popular Chinese-American dishes. The Chinese probably created these dishes to serve to the white miners.
Other Chinese became fishermen, farmers, and even cigar makers.
1. Why did Chinese go to America in the mid-1800s?
A. Because they could find good jobs there.   B. Because they had found gold there.
C. Because they could open laundries and restaurants there.
2. The underlined word “resented” mean “________”.  
A. liked                        B. helped               C. hated                    D. served
3. Which should be the title of the passage?
A. Early Chinese immigrants in America     B. Dream to strike it rich
C. The difference between men and women   D. Gold miners in America

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In the U.S., people prefer waiting for a table to sitting with people they don’t know. This means a hostess may not seat a small group until a small table is available, even if a large one is. If you are sitting at a table with people you don’t know, it is impolite to light up a cigarette without first asking if it will disturb them.
At American restaurants and coffee shops you are usually served tap water before you order. You may find the bread and butter is free, and if you order coffee, you may get a free refill.
Most cities and towns have no rules about opening and closing time for stores or restaurants, though they usually do make rules for bars. Especially in large cities, stores may be open 24 hours a day.
Serving in restaurants is often large; too large for many people. If you can’t finish your meal but would like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter for a “doggie bag”. It may have a picture of a dog on it, but everybody knows you’re taking the food for yourself.
Supper and dinner are both words for the evening meal. Some people have “Sunday dinner”. This is an especially big noon meal.
Tips are not usually added to the check. They are not included in the price of the meal, either. A tip of about 15% is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave. In some restaurants, a check is brought on a plate and you put your money there. Then the waiter or waitress brings you your change.
1. Which statement is true?
A. American people like sitting with people they don’t know.
B. Tips shouldn’t be given to the waiter or waitress.
C. Orange juice is served before you order
D. American people would not light a cigarette if the people who sit at the same table mind their smoking.
2. What does the underlined word “doggie bag” mean in the article? It means ______.
A. a bag with a picture of a dog on it
B. a bag used to carry dogs
C. a small bag for taking the food left over home to enjoy it later
D. a small bag for taking the food left over home for dogs
3. Sunday dinner is _______.
A. a dinner in the evening               B. a big noon meal
C. a big lunch Sunday                  D. a supper on Sunday

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

D
Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感覺(jué)) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假設(shè)), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.
小題1:According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by ______.
A．the visitors to his officeB．the psychology lessons he has
C．his physical feeling of coldness D．the things he has bought online
小題2:The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that ______.
A．a(chǎn)dults should develop social skillsB．babies need warm physical contact
C．caregivers should be healthy adultsD．monkeys have social relationships
小題3:In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to ______.
A．evaluate someone’s personalityB．write down their hypotheses
C．fill out a personal information form
D．hold coffee and cold drink alternatively
小題4:We can infer from the passage that ______.
A．a(chǎn)bstract thinking does not come from physical experiences
B．feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide
C．physical temperature affects how we see others
D．capable persons are often cold to others
小題5:What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Drinking for Better Social Relationships.
B．Experiments of Personality Evaluation.
C．Developing Better Drinking Habits.
D．Physical Sensations and Emotions.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their first efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often tied to their children’s success, it can be a painful experience.
Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn’t suffer from a learning disability, or isn’t involved in some family crisis(危機(jī)) at home, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or classmate pressure. “Everything is within the kids’ control; their intelligence is changeable,” says Lisa Blackwell, a research scientist at Columbia University. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says, “parents can play a key role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort, and progress rather than emphasizing their ‘smartness’ or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”
Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids. “These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren’t considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,” says Jeff Howard, a social psychologist. Howard and other educators say it’s important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurriculum activities.
“The problem of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions,” says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to free them of the idea that class work is irrelevant, to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. They need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.
46．According to the passage, the parents of kids with no ambition        .
A．don’t do a very good job teaching them to walk
B．a(chǎn)re to blame if the kids do poorly in school
C．feel pain because ambitions are connected to their success
D．should take part in extracurriculum activities with kids
47．The underlined part “the fire went out” probably means        .
A．the motivation was suddenly lost
B．the fear of failure was suddenly gone
C．the learning disability was suddenly lost
D．the fire was suddenly gone
48．All the following can contribute to a sudden lack of ambition except        .
A．learning disability                                      B．classmate pressure
C．emphasis on testing                                    D．extracurricular activities
49．What is the most important thing for parents in motivating their kids?
A．By punishing kids who don’t display ambition.
B．By emphasizing smartness and high performance.
C．By telling kids that mistakes are a part of learning.
D．By praising the effort and progress they have made.
50．We can infer from the passage that        .
A．children who have lost their ambition will never succeed in life
B．school performance has much to do with students’ later success
C．both the parents and the school are to blame for the lost ambition
D．younger kids learning to walk are more ambitious than older ones

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Below is adapted from an English dictionary. Use the dictionary to answer the following questions.
figure / fīg? / noun, verb
● noun
1. a number representing a particular amount, especially one given in official information: the trade / sales figures
2. a symbol rather than a word representing one of the numbers between 0 and 9: a six-figure salary
3. (informal) the area of mathematics that deals with adding, multiplying, etc. numbers
4. a person of the type mentioned: Gandhi was both a political and a religious figure in Indian history.
5. the shape of a person seen from a distance or not clearly
6. a person or an animal as shown in art or a story: a wall with five carved figures in it
7. the human shape, considered from the point of view of being attractively thin: doing exercise to improve one’s figure
8. a pattern or series of movements performed on ice: figure-skating
* be / become a figure of fun: be / become sb. that others laugh at
* cut a…figure: sb with a particular appearance: He cut a striking figure in his dinner jacket.
* put a figure on sth:  to say the exact price or number of sth.
* a fine figure of man / woman: a tall, strong-looking and well-shaped person
* figure of speech: a word or phrase used in a different way from its usual meanings in order to create a particular mental image or effect
* figurehead: someone who is the head or chief in name only (with no real power or authority)
● verb
1. to think or decide that sth. will happen or  is true: I figured that if I took the night train, I could be in Scotland by morning.
2. to be part of a process, situation, etc. especially an important part: My opinion of the matter didn’t seem to figure at all.
3. to calculate an amount or the cost of sth: We figured that attendance at 150,000.
* figure in: to include (in a sum): Have you figured in the cost of hotel?
* figure on: to plan on; to expect sth. to happen: I haven’t figured on his getting home so late.
* figure out: to work out; understand by thinking: Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?
* It / That figures!:  That seems reasonable.
小題1:According to the information above, which of the following sentence is not right?
A．This year’s sales figures were quite excellent.
B．I couldn’t figure out what the teacher was talking about.
C．She was the leading figure in British politics in the 1980s.
D．He was about to speak but she put a figure on his lips to stop him.
小題2: — She was coming late again for the work.
— ______! That’s typical of her. You just can’t do anything to stop her doing that.
A．It figures her outB．She is a figure of fun
C．It cuts a poor figureD．It figures
小題3:The phrase “watch my figure” in the sentence “Don’t tempt me with chocolate; I am watching my figure.” means “______”.
A．a(chǎn)dd the numbersB．have sports
C．try not to get fatD．watch games
小題4:Which sentence is used as figure of speech?
A．John is fond of animals and raises a rabbit as a pet.
B．In some countries, bamboo can be used to build houses.
C．We all regard Mr. Smith as an important figure in our company.
D．I didn’t really mean my partner was a snake.

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