A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly，courteous and helpful most Americans were to them．To be fair，this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians，and should best be considered North American．There are，of course，exceptions．Small-minded officials，rude waiters，and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US．Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment．For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence．
Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another．Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion，and brought news of the outside world．The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality．
Someone traveling alone，if hungry，injured，or ill，often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement．It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers．It reflected the harshness of daily life： if you didn‘t take in the stranger and take care of him，there was no one else who would．And someday，remember，you might be in the same situation．Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler．Yet，the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US，especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails．“I was just traveling through，got talking with this American，and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner—amazing．” Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon，but are not always understood properly．

小題1:In the eyes of visitors from the outside world，___________．
A．rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US
B．small-minded officials deserve a serious comment
C．Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors
D．most Americans are ready to offer help
小題2:It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ___________．
A．culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship
B．courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated
C．various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends
D．social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions
小題3:Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ___________．
A．to improve their hard life
B．in view of their long-distance travel
C．to add some flavor to their own daily life
D．out of a charitable impulse
小題4:The tradition of hospitality to strangers ___________．
A．tends to be superficial and artificial
B．is generally well kept up in the united States
C．is always understood properly
D．has something to do with the busy tourist trails
小題5:What’s the author’s attitudes toward the American‘s friendliness？ 
A．Favorable．B．Unfavorable．
C．Indifferent．D．Neutral．

小題1:D
小題2:A
小題3:C
小題4:B
小題5:A 

試題分析：文章介紹美國(guó)人大都友好、禮貌、樂(lè)于助人。這是因?yàn)槊绹?guó)的文化決定了美國(guó)人的行為，友善好客的舊傳統(tǒng)在美國(guó)仍是探蒂固的
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第一段的句子：A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly，courteous and helpful most Americans were to them．可知外面的游客認(rèn)為 美國(guó)人大都友好、禮貌、樂(lè)于助人。選D
小題2:推理題：最后一段的第一句是全段的主題，該句可譯為：像其他發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家一樣，在美國(guó)，人際關(guān)系的背后是一系列復(fù)雜的文化符號(hào)、信念和習(xí)俗。換言之，美國(guó)的文化決定了美國(guó)人的行為。選A
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題：第二段指出，在美國(guó)歷史的很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)期（即所謂“拓荒”時(shí)代），對(duì)許多地區(qū)來(lái)說(shuō)，一個(gè)旅行者的到來(lái)是很受歡迎的，因?yàn)樗梢詫?duì)平時(shí)單調(diào)的生活起一個(gè)調(diào)節(jié)（break）作用。離群索居的家庭共同的問(wèn)題是日常生活的單調(diào)與寂寞，陌生人或旅行者的到來(lái)可以使他們暫時(shí)擺脫這種生活狀況，所以選C
小題4:細(xì)節(jié)題：第二、三段探索了形成美國(guó)人友善好客傳統(tǒng)的原因之后，第四段指出，雖然現(xiàn)在有許多專門(mén)的機(jī)構(gòu)幫助旅行者，但是，友善好客的舊傳統(tǒng)在美國(guó)仍根探蒂固，這突出表現(xiàn)在遠(yuǎn)離旅游熱線的一些小城市中。選B
小題5:作者態(tài)度題：文章最后一段指出，友善好客是倍受美國(guó)人珍視的美德，他們同樣希望鄰國(guó)人和其他外國(guó)人也表現(xiàn)出這一美德。所以作者對(duì)美國(guó)人的好客是贊同的，選A 
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Have you ever noticed the colour of the water in a river or stream after a heavy rainfall? What do you think caused this change in colour? It is soil that has been washed into the river from the riverbank or from t}le nearby fields．
Components of Soft
Soil is made up of a number of layers（層），each having its own distinctive colour and texture．The upper layer is known as the litter．It acts like a blanket．limiting temperature changes and reducing water loss．The topsoil layer is made up of small particles of rock mixed with rotten plant and animal matter called humus（腐殖質(zhì)），which is black and gives the topsoil its dark colour．This layer is usually rich in nutrients，oxygen，and water．Below the topsoil is the subsoil，a layer that contains more stones mixed with only small amounts of organic matter．This layer is lighter in colour because of the lack of humus．Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock．
Soil forms from the bottom up．Over time bedrock is attacked by rain, wind，frost, and snow．It is gradually broken down into smaller particles in a process called weathering．Plants begin to grow，and rotten materials enrich the topsoil．Most of the soil in Eastern Canada．for example．Was formed from weathered rock that was exposed when the ice disappeared l2．000 years ag0．
Water Beneath the Soil
Surface water collects and flows above the ground in lakes．ponds．a(chǎn)nd rivers．Once in the soil or rock，it is called groundwater．Gravity pulls groundwater through the soil in a process called percolation（滲透）．Eventually the water reaches a layer called the water table．Under this is bedrock through which water cannot percolate．
As water percolates downward，it dissolves organic matter and minerals from the soil and carries them to deeper layers．This causes a serious problem because plants require these nutrients for growth.
Soil pH
Soil can be acidic．neutral．or basic．The pH of the soil is determined by the nature of the rock
from which it was formed．a(chǎn)nd by the nature of t}le plants that grow and rot in it．
The acidity of rain and snow can lower the pH of the groundwater that enters the soil．By burning fossil fuels such as coal，oil and gasoline，humans have been contributing to higher levels of acidity in many soils．When fossil fuels are burned．gases are released into the air and then fall back to earth as acid rain．Acid soil increases出e problem of carrying nutrients to lower soil levels．As nutrients are removed，soil is less fertile．Plants grow more slowly in acidic soil，and also become easily attacked by diseases．
小題1:The layer of soil that provides necessary nutrients for plant growth is called．
A．1itterB．topsoilC．humusD．subsoil
小題2:According to the text．which of the following is NOT true?
A．Soil forms from weathered rock on the earth surface．
B．The deeper layer of soil is darker in colour than t}le surface soil．
C．Air pollution is partially responsible for acid soil．
D．Groundwater tends to carry away nutrients for plant growth．
小題3:We can infer from the passage that the water table lies      ．
A．between the topsoil layer and the subsoil layer
B．in the subsoil layer above bedrock
C．between the subsoil layer and bedrock
D．in the bedrock layer beneath the subsoil
小題4:The underlined word “dissolve” is used to express the idea that organic matter and minerals from soil are         ．
A．rushed away into the river
B．cleaned and purified by water
C．destroyed and carried away by water
D．mixed with water and become part of it

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

You may not  have heard of Ashoka,  but for the past 27 years,this association, founded by Bill Drayton, has fought  poverty (貧窮)and sickness, promoted education and  encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides money for the world's most  promising "changemakers" seeking to solve (解決) urgent problems and would like to create a  world in which every citizen is a changemaker.
Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing is to simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy, healthy,  contributing adult. In fact It is many young people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions. An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the rubbish problem facing the city ,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor people there .
When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish that lay in Dhaka’s streets,Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost (把……制成堆糞)this waste . They knew that they would have a market for the end product because local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (化肥) which were expensive and had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they were refused ,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made , the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.
Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious ,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.
小題1:Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?
A．changemakersB．Businessmen
C．Social ConditionsD．Rubbish Problem
小題2:The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 3 probably refers to"       "
A．the local farmers B．Masqsood and Iftekhar
C．Drayton and his teamD．the poor people in Dhaka
小題3:It can be concluded from the passage that anyone can become a changemaker if he      .
A．considers Drayton's concept
B．gets permission from Ashoka
C．tries to improve social conditions
D．is a young, happy and healthy adult
小題4:The authors attitude towards Ashoka's program can be described as        
A．changingB．forgivingC．cautiousD．Positive

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A large number of people in the world eat fast food. Whenever you go into a fast food restaurant, you can see lots of people enjoying their meals there. How do you know in which country people like fast food best?
　　The English people are the world’s biggest fans of fast food, while the French are the least interested in quick meals, according to a survey done last year.
　　The survey of thirteen countries shows 45% of the English people say they can’t give up fast food because it’s delicious. And 44% of Americans and 37% of Canadians say the same.
　　The French, proud of their delicious cuisine, don’t like fast food. 81% of them think it is unhealthy, followed by 75% of the Japanese.
　　How about the Chinese? How often do you have hamburgers or fried chicken? It doesn’t matter whether you like Western fast food or Chinese food. The most important thing is to keep a balanced diet.
小題1:According to the survey, some people can’t give up fast food because _____.
A．it’s cheapB．it’s safe
C．it’s deliciousD．it’s healthy From the survey，
小題2:We know _____ like fast food best.
A．the ChineseB．the FrenchC．the JapaneseD．the English
小題3:The survey is about _______.
A．Western countriesB．fast food
C．restaurants in the worldD．Chinese food
小題4:The word “cuisine” in the passage means _______.
A．foodB．houseC．waterD．country

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

San Francisco，unofficially regarded as one of the homeless capitals of the US，counts nearly 6,500 homeless people, with 4,300 living on the street．

Among the many problems that the homeless face is little or no access to showers．San Francisco only has about 16 to 20 shower stations to accommodate them．But Doniece Sandoval has made it her task to change that．
“Homelessness is something you can’t really miss，”the 51-year-old woman said．She started Lava Mae，a sort of showers on wheels, a new project that aims to turn old city buses into shower stations for the homeless．
“One day I passed a woman in the street and she was very dirty and basically crying，and I heard her say that she would never be clean．But I was wondering what her opportunities were to actually get clean,” Sandoval said．
Sandoval was inspired to start Lava Mae. The project has already been welcomed with open arms in the city．The Transportation Agency has donated one bus for the cause and is willing to donate three more if the project succeeds．Sandoval hopes the first bus will be able to hit the road in May this year．The Public Commission has also agreed to let the buses plug into fire hydrants(消防龍頭)around the city if Lava Mae  pays for the water．
One of Lava Mae’s biggest supporters is Bevan Dufty, the director of Housing Opportunity, Partnerships & Engagement under the mayor of San Francisco．“For people who are unhoused，access to showers is very difficult．Shower buses are something that could potentially be deployed (部署)in response to an emergency，so it is relevant to all San Franciscans," Dufty said．“Doniece has done an incredible job as a citizen who cares about helping the poor．We are very excited to see Lava Mae become real soon．”  
Each bus will have two shower stations and Sandoval expects that by 2015，they’ll be able to provide 2000 showers a week．
小題1:What problem does San Francisco face according to the text?
A．The city has the most homeless people in the USA．
B．There are no shower stations for the homeless in the city．
C．It’s hard for homeless people in the city to take showers．
D．Few citizens in the city care about the homeless．
小題2:What does the underlined word ''them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．City problems．B．Shower stations．C．Old buses．D．The homeless．
小題3:Which of the following best describes Doniece Sandoval?
A．Brave and independent．B．Caring and responsible．
C．Honest and determined．D．Friendly and humorous．
小題4:What can we learn from Dufty’s words?
A．All San Franciscans are excited to use Lava Mae．
B．Emergencies in San Francisco will be prevented by Lava Mae．
C．Dufty thinks highly of Doniece's way of helping the poor．
D．The mayor of San Francisco will support Doniece financially．
小題5:What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．A newly invented way of shower
B．Showers on Wheels for the Homeless
C．The health problem of the homeless
D．Lave Mae-a new name for old city buses

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Who is your role model? Normally the answer to this question would be anyone around you who you find truly inspiring. It could also be someone like J. K. Rowling or Martin Luther King. Jr. , who have proven to be strong and intelligent people.
However, in today’s world, stars are regarded as role models along with the heroes listed above, despite their intentions or actions. Teens attempt to imitate their actions for two major reasons. Firstly, to be fashionable and accepted by popular culture, and secondly because stars’ actions are so well documented by the media that it seems to grab our attention and turns it to following stars’ lives. Much of the reports about stars is shocking and exhibits bad morals or lifestyles that aren’t right for teenagers. In addition, almost everything stars do is described beyond truth to make a shocking story by taking it to the next level.
However, teens must take responsibility for their actions. We can’t always blame stars for influencing us. Only you have control over yourself and only you choose to do something. Our bodies and actions are in the hands of no one else.
Now, who ever said stars are role models? Whether they choose to be or not, stars set examples as soon as they step into the spotlight. With reporters following and recording every move they make, it is impossible not to be watched and then be imitated. These people influence teens whether or not they want to. Why should someone who doesn’t want to be setting an example set one? So，should we look up to them or to people who are true and good role models? It’s our responsibility as teens to know right from wrong, and it’s time for us to take responsibility for our actions. In doing so，we will lean toward those inspiring people that want to be setting an example, and follow in their steps to be like them.
小題1:According to the first paragraph, _______ can usually be role models.
A．political leaders
B．wealthy writers
C．people inspiring others
D．people with great intelligence
小題2:What are the major reasons for the teens to imitate stars?
A．Interest in stars’ life and expectation of getting rich.
B．Motivation for being fashionable and inspiration from popular examples.
C．Intentions to gain acceptance and encouragement from stars’ lifestyle.
D．Desires to be stylish and great influence from the mass media.
小題3:The author writes the passage mainly to advise the teenagers to _______.
A．have a control over their own bodies and actions
B．be responsible for their own choices and behaviors
C．follow fashionable stars’ steps to be more popular
D．choose right role models according to different reports
小題4:It can be inferred from the passage that _______.
A．stars have the responsibility for teenagers’ actions
B．not all famous stars choose to influence teenagers
C．teenagers choose those inspiring people as their role models
D．stars set examples immediately they stepped into the spotlight

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.
It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a man’s very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-years-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.
The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his behaviour. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy tragic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten.
It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through stringent annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a person’s driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be mad much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as to severe if tit results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars.
小題1:The main idea of this passage is
[A] Traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists.
Thousands of people the world over are killed each year.
[C] The laws of some countries about driving are too lax.
[D] Only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents.
小題2:What does the author think of society toward motorists?
[A] Society smiles on the motorists.
Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns.
[C] Victims of accidents are nothing.
[D] Society condones their rude driving.
小題3:Why does the author say:’ his car becomes the extension of his personality?’
[A] Driving can show his real self.
Driving can show the other part of his personality.
[C] Driving can bring out his character.
[D] His car embodies his temper.
小題4:.Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents?
[A] Build more highways.
Stricter driving tests.
[C] Test drivers every three years.
[D] raise age limit and lay down safety specifications.
小題5:.The attitude of the author is
[A] ironical
critical
[C] appealing
[D] militant
Vocabulary
1.immunise             使免疫，使免除
2.expectation of life =" life" expectancy    平均壽命
3.versus =" against"             對(duì)頂，反對(duì)
4.mutilate             傷害
5.wilful             任性的，固執(zhí)的
6.benign             寬厚的，仁慈的
7.condone             寬容
8.desecrate          褻瀆，玷污
9.code             法規(guī)，規(guī)定，慣例
10.stringent          嚴(yán)格的，緊急的，迫切的
11.performance                   演出，成品，這里是指
car’ s behavior such as speed,
function etc.可譯成行為，
汽車行為、功能等。
難句譯注
1.Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing.
【參考譯文】人和汽車對(duì)抗！這是一場(chǎng)人類永遠(yuǎn)是輸家的無(wú)休止的戰(zhàn)斗。
2.All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned.
【參考譯文】應(yīng)當(dāng)禁止所有強(qiáng)調(diào)力量和表現(xiàn)行為的廣告。
寫(xiě)作方法與文章大意
文章論述“交通事故”，采用因果、對(duì)比手法。從人的平均壽命增加和交通事故率成正比談起，觸及事故率上升的原因，要求制定更嚴(yán)格的法規(guī)予以制止種種造成事故的不良行為。

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When several people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you are alone observing one behavior or a person at two different times, you may see different things. The followings are but some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions(感知,認(rèn)識(shí)):
(1)    Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning, education, and personal experiences.
(2) Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what’ve observed. It is not necessarily true that person perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same standard to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.
(3) Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don’t see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore the stimulus——“He’s basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting(入店行竊).” We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information ——“All kids get into mischief(頑皮). Taking a book from a bookstore isn’t such a big deal.” We can change the meaning of the contradictory information--- “It wasn’t shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.”…
小題1:The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is _____.
A．our hearing and visual abilities
B．cultural background and personal experiences
C．the experience one learns from others
D．critical measures taken by other people
小題2:While observing a particular person,________.
A．one is likely to take all aspects into consideration
B．one pays more attention to his/her advantages
C．children often differ from grown-ups in perception
D．one tends to choose certain aspects to look at
小題3:Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because _____.
A．they follow different standards
B．either of them may be slow to catch information
C．the time for observation is not long enough
D．each of them uses different language to express his/her impressions
小題4: The underlined word “stimulus” in Paragraph 4 refers to _____.
A．something attractive
B．selective perception
C．contradictory information
D．shoplifting
小題5:The worst thing in selective perception is that ______.
A．the information received runs against your desire
B．facts can be twisted or totally ignored
C．importance of the contradictory information can be overrated (估計(jì)過(guò)高)
D．misbehaved children may not be punished

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I have nothing to say about whether or not “A Day Without Immigrants(移民)” had a positive or negative effect on the question of how the federal government should deal with the huge population of undocumented illegal immigrants in this country. I'll leave that question to others.
Regardless of how you feel about the event, one conclusion is obvious. Using the theme of “A Day Without” as a way to focus national attention on a particular subject is a great idea, and could serve as a method for increasing public consciousness about other issues that affect daily life in America. Here are my top three examples:
“A Day Without Speeding.” How hard could this be? If all drivers would strictly obey every posted speed limit on highways, downtown, on neighborhood streets, and in parking lots for one 24-hour cycle, the benefits would be huge.
“A Day Without Losing Your Temper.” A higher degree of difficulty here, and I know that from personal experience. When something goes wrong at home or on the job, there may be brief satisfaction in yelling or kicking the furniture, but bursting into anger usually has nothing to do with the approach to the heart of the matter.
“A Day Without Having All The Answers.” I would like to get a break from hearing anyone speak the phrase, “Here’s what you’re doing wrong.” Right now the US is packed with citizens who believe they can point out the cause of every single problem in existence and then solve it in a moment. I believe they need to be quiet sometimes and use their ears instead of their voices.
I wonder how would average Americans react to such a national pause? Would it be a day of reaction against anger, or joyful celebrations?
小題1:The first paragraph suggests ________.
A．the writer is against “A Day Without Immigrants”
B．immigrants are not equally treated by the US government
C．the immigrants issue is so complex that the author has to refer to others
D．some move to America without the permission of the US government
小題2:The author uses his “top three examples” to________.
A．criticize the undocumented illegal immigrants in America
B．show public consciousness of some subjects could be raised
C．encourage common people to create more similar activities
D．indicate some bothering issues affecting people’s daily life
小題3:According to the author, losing one’s temper is ________.
A．unpleasant B．pointlessC．relaxingD．personal
小題4:The writer suggests “a day without having all the answers”, because ________.
A．he thinks the Americans are too proud
B．he wants to have a chance to speak his mind
C．he expects others to keep quiet and calm
D．he hopes to get a break from the problems

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