When several people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you are alone observing one behavior or a person at two different times, you may see different things. The followings are but some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions(感知,認(rèn)識):
(1)    Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning, education, and personal experiences.
(2) Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what’ve observed. It is not necessarily true that person perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same standard to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.
(3) Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don’t see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore the stimulus——“He’s basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting(入店行竊).” We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information ——“All kids get into mischief(頑皮). Taking a book from a bookstore isn’t such a big deal.” We can change the meaning of the contradictory information--- “It wasn’t shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.”…
小題1:The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is _____.
A．our hearing and visual abilities
B．cultural background and personal experiences
C．the experience one learns from others
D．critical measures taken by other people
小題2:While observing a particular person,________.
A．one is likely to take all aspects into consideration
B．one pays more attention to his/her advantages
C．children often differ from grown-ups in perception
D．one tends to choose certain aspects to look at
小題3:Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because _____.
A．they follow different standards
B．either of them may be slow to catch information
C．the time for observation is not long enough
D．each of them uses different language to express his/her impressions
小題4: The underlined word “stimulus” in Paragraph 4 refers to _____.
A．something attractive
B．selective perception
C．contradictory information
D．shoplifting
小題5:The worst thing in selective perception is that ______.
A．the information received runs against your desire
B．facts can be twisted or totally ignored
C．importance of the contradictory information can be overrated (估計過高)
D．misbehaved children may not be punished

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:A
小題4:C
小題5:B 

試題分析：幾個人看同樣的人會感覺不一樣，同一個人在不同的時候看同一件事情也會不同，這是因為一些因素影響人們的認(rèn)知。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第一段的句子：Each person’s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning, education, and personal experiences.可知第一個影響人的認(rèn)知的因素是我們的文化背景和個人經(jīng)歷。選B。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題：從文章第三段的句子：It is not necessarily true that person perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus primarily on the situation or role relationship.可知當(dāng)觀察一個特定的人，一個人往往會選擇某些方面看。選D
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題：依據(jù)句子“Most people do not use the same yardstick（尺碼） to measure their parents, their friends, and strangers.”可知同樣的人同時被兩個人觀察可能不一樣，因為他們使用的是不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，選項A
小題4:猜詞題：從文章第四段的句子：Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory information is particularly obvious, but it can be done.選擇性認(rèn)知很顯然更難，當(dāng)矛盾信息顯而易見的時候，可知“stimulus”是矛盾的信息，所以選C
小題5:細(xì)節(jié)題：從文章第四段的句子：We can ignore the stimulus——“He’s basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting(入店行竊).” We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information可知選擇性認(rèn)知最壞的事情是事實被扭曲或完全忽視。所以選B。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

(2013·高考廣東卷，D)While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class，a monitor(監(jiān)控器)a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.
Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer’s Los Angeles apartment，the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room.Her Internet access was locked－remotely－to prevent Internet searches，and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was：Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?
In the battle against cheating，this is the cutting_edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education.The technology gives trust to the entire system，to the institution and to online education in general.Only with solid measures against cheating，experts say，can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid—that students haven’t just searched the Internet to get the right answers.
Although online classes have existed for more than a decade，the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of“open online courses.”Private colleges，public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field.spending millions of dollars to attract potential students，while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.
Aside from the web cameras，a number of other high­tech methods are becoming increasingly popular.Among them are programs that check students’ identities using personal information，such as the telephone numbers they once used.
Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones.As in many university classes，term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.
小題1:Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?
A．To correct her typing mistakes.
B．To find her secrets in the room.
C．To prevent her from slowing down.
D．To keep her from dishonest behaviors.
小題2:The underlined expression cutting edge in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to________.
A．a(chǎn)dvanced technique
B．sharpening tool
C．effective rule
D．dividing line
小題3:For Internet universities，exams and diplomas will be valid if________.
A．they can attract potential students
B．they can defeat academic cheating
C．they offer students online help
D．they offer many online courses
小題4:Some programs can find out possible cheaters by________.
A．checking the question answering speed
B．producing a large number of questions
C．scanning the Internet test questions
D．giving difficult test questions
小題5:Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A．The Advantages of Online Exams
B．The High­tech Methods in Online Courses
C．The Fight against Cheating in Online Education
D．The War against the Booming of Online Education

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


The care given to pupils at an infants school has been rated （評定）as outstanding in a recent Ofsted report. Inspectors （視察員）visited Avondale Infants School in Kettering in June and were pleased with what they found.
Schools are graded between one and four, with one being outstanding, and staffs（全體職員）at Avondale were delighted to be to be given an overall（總的）grade of two.
The reports states that the school, which has an above average number of children who are entitled to free school meals, is improving.
It also focuses on the good progress made by children who enter the school with below or well below average standards – the standards at the end of Year 2 are now the best since 2004.
The report states: "Pupils' behavior and personal development are good, being enhanced（增強）considerably by the vibrant（活躍的）atmosphere within the school."
Headteacher Jean Wilkins is also praised as "the driving force behind developments and the vision of the future. Under her exceptional guidance, a conscientious team is intent（專注）upon raising standards."
Mrs. Wilkins said that staff at the school, which has 163 children aged from four to seven, pride themselves on the support and guidance they offer the children.
She said: "We're extremely pleased with these results. We put a lot of emphasis（強調(diào)）on the well-being of the pupils to raise their self esteem（尊重）and make sure they enjoy being at school.
"We have focused carefully on where we needed to make improvements."
Inspectors said that the school could improve further through closer working with the parents of some pupils who do not attend regularly.                       
1. The main idea of the text is that _________.
A. The pupils at an infants school.           B. Happy school wins inspector’s praise.
C. The pupils have made much progress.       D. The Avondale Infants School is improving.
2. What else will the school need to do with?
A. Make the meals better                   B. Focus on the pupils
C. Hire a great many staffs                  D. Work with the parents.
3. From the passage, we can learn that what “ infant school” is ?
A. Children attend school with little intelligence.
B. Children attend school with good understanding.
C. Children attend school in the first few years of their life.
D. Children attend school with outstanding performance.
4. The writer wants to tell us the following EXCEPT that _______.
A. Inspectors paid a visit to Avondale Infants School in June, 2004.
B. More than 50% of the children in the school have meals for free.
C. The staffs at the school provide the pupils with much guidance.
D. The infant school has made large quantities of improvement.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly，courteous and helpful most Americans were to them．To be fair，this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians，and should best be considered North American．There are，of course，exceptions．Small-minded officials，rude waiters，and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US．Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment．For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence．
Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another．Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion，and brought news of the outside world．The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality．
Someone traveling alone，if hungry，injured，or ill，often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement．It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers．It reflected the harshness of daily life： if you didn‘t take in the stranger and take care of him，there was no one else who would．And someday，remember，you might be in the same situation．Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler．Yet，the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US，especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails．“I was just traveling through，got talking with this American，and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner—amazing．” Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon，but are not always understood properly．

小題1:In the eyes of visitors from the outside world，___________．
A．rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US
B．small-minded officials deserve a serious comment
C．Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors
D．most Americans are ready to offer help
小題2:It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ___________．
A．culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship
B．courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated
C．various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends
D．social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions
小題3:Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ___________．
A．to improve their hard life
B．in view of their long-distance travel
C．to add some flavor to their own daily life
D．out of a charitable impulse
小題4:The tradition of hospitality to strangers ___________．
A．tends to be superficial and artificial
B．is generally well kept up in the united States
C．is always understood properly
D．has something to do with the busy tourist trails
小題5:What’s the author’s attitudes toward the American‘s friendliness？ 
A．Favorable．B．Unfavorable．
C．Indifferent．D．Neutral．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

“When I grow up, I want to be...”
Almost all of us have thought about, or been asked to think about, our future careers. Our answers may differ greatly. Even now your aspirations(志向，抱負(fù))may have changed from when you were in primary school.
However, it seems career options aren’t only based on personal taste. In a survey carried out by Teens, doctors, lawyers, and bankers were some of most popular careers that people said they hoped to follow. This is in line with a similar survey carried out in the UK in May 2011 by job website---Co.uk, in which medicine was the top choice among UK teenagers aged between 13 and 17.
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It is equally unsurprising that banking is now one of the most common career choices. Youngsters worldwide think of banking and see the money rolling in. Wealth is increasingly becoming one of the most important indicators(標(biāo)志) of a successful career. British young men list the UK tycoon(巨頭,大亨) Alan Sugar, Microsoft founder Bill Gates and Facebook chief Mark Zuckerberg as their top role models “for their wealth”. Just as Chinese teenagers see being a banker as a good and fun way to “wealth”.
However, not every child has the makings of doctor, lawyer, or banker. They are those who see achievement and happiness in other areas, and many teenagers dare to ink more individuality into their career options. As the Teens’ survey discovered, a variety of unconventional jobs---coffee shop owner, gourmet(美食家)，waiter at a fast food restaurant---are among teenagers’ career choices. They can be equally interesting and rewarding jobs.
With every choice comes responsibility and challenge, and all career paths require specific education and training, you have to learn to balance optimism(樂觀主義)and confidence with being realistic about your particular talents and skills.
小題1:What is the passage mainly about?
A．Careers in teenagers’ mind.
B．Choosing a good job is very important.
C．Teenagers in the UK like doctors.
D．The choice of career needs challenge.
小題2:What is the top career choice among UK teenagers aged between 13 and 17 according to the article?
A．MedicineB．LawC．BankD．Education
小題3: According to the article, all of the following are the benefits of being a doctor or a lawyer except _______.
A．respect from othersB．the oldest profession
C．high payD．upward social mobility
小題4:What do youngsters think is increasingly becoming one of the most important indicators of a successful career?
A．PrestigeB．AchievementC．HappinessD．Wealth
小題5:According to the last two paragraphs, which of the following is TRUE?
A．Careers such as gourmets and waiters are not as rewarding as doctors and lawyers.
B．Specific education and training can help get a good job.
C．Responsibility is the most important when you choose a good job.
D．Optimism and confidence is more important than being realistic when

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

We all like watching online videos of dogs and cats doing funny things. But if you had to decide, which of the two animals would you say you might like better? Your answer may say something about your personality.
According to a 2010 study led by Sam Gosling, a scientist at the University of Texas, US, dog people are about 15 percent more outgoing and 13 percent more pleasant to be friends with than cat people.
This is not hard to understand, since cats and dogs behave differently themselves. “Cats will occasionally engage in social activities, but usually after only a few minutes, they will abandon the game. Dogs, on the other hand, will often engage in play, like fetching a thrown ball, for hours at a time,” said Modern Dog Magazine.
Although cat people are less social, Gosling’s study showed that they are 11 percent more open-minded than dog people. They usually like art, adventures and unusual ideas. They also have more imagination and curiosity. But dog people are more likely to stick to old beliefs and traditional interests.
However, their love of a free lifestyle also means that cat people dislike making plans. They just follow whatever ideas pop into their heads without planning ahead. But dog people are different. They usually have strong self-control and like to carry out their plans.
Despite these big differences between dog people and cat people, there are some things that they have in common, “Both types of people consider themselves close to nature, dislike animal-print clothing, and are generally optimists,” noted Mother Nature Network.
But can personality change? Can a cat person become a dog person, or the other way around? In a study done by Stanley Coren, a scientist based in Canada, he asked cat owners: “If you had enough living space and there were no objections form other people in your life, and someone gave you a puppy as a gift, would you keep it?”
About 68 percent of them said they would not accept a dog as a pet. But when dog owners were asked the same question about a kitten, almost 70 percent said they would allow a cat into their lives.
小題1:According to the article, dog people _____________ cat people.
A．perform better in school than B．a(chǎn)re more open-minded than
C．have closer friends thanD．a(chǎn)re more traditional than
小題2:The underlined phrase “engage in” in Paragraph 3 probably means_____________.
A．take little interest in B．take part in C．benefit fromD．suffer from
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A．Both of them like planning ahead
B．Both of them love travelling and adventures
C．Both of them are imaginative and curious
D．Both of them care about nature.
小題4:What can we conclude from the last two paragraphs?
A．Cat people are more likely to become dog people.
B．Dog people are more likely to accept cats into their homes than cat people are to accept dogs.
C．Neither dog nor cat people like to accept a new pet.
D．It is difficult to find out whether dog people or cat people will make a change.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

"Extra? Extra！Gasoline hits four dollars a gallon!”
No one will really be shocked一except, perhaps, the old-timers who tell about the good old days when gas was three gallons for a dollar, and people drove around "just for the fun of it".
As a matter of fact; the price of gas has been rising fast and steadily for several years, and many adjustments have already been made.
There was, for a time, considerable unemployment in the auto industry, and three quarters of the garages and service stations have gone out of business. However; the bicycle and motor-scooter business has flourished（興旺); and many people have found employment there: Now that Federal Motors has brought out its new Lilliput, which travels forty miles on a gallon, the auto business is picking up again. The factories that haven't switched over to two-wheel transportation are working on their new smaller models. There is talk, too, about bringing out new steam and electric automobiles that will be just as economical as the old cars.
In the meantime, streetcars are gradually replacing buses all over the country because of the greater economy of electric power. And many people who have seldom used public transportation are now riding the streetcars while their automobiles rust（生銹）in their garages. There's no market at all for their big, luxurious cars, for only the wealthy can now afford to operate them. Many people are now shopping in their own neighborhood, and small businesses are thriving.
Ministers, educators, and editorial writers are pointing out that there has been a great improvement in family life. Families now stay at home more for their fun, and children and parents are becoming better acquainted. The stores report a booming business in parlor games, hobby materials, books, musical instruments and albums.
People have lost their pale indoor look. The revival of the lost art of walking has brought a healthy pink back to many a cheek. This return to the heels has revolutionized the clothing styles; people now need to be ready for all kinds of weather:
These conditions, however, may not last. Already our clever chemists are at work on new synthetic fuels which, they say, will put us right back where we were一on wheels. Shall w e wish them success or not?
小題1:Which of the following is NOT a result of the gas price rising?
A．More people prefer to travel on public transportation which costs less than driving cars.
B．People return to the traditional exercise of walking, which helps them to look healthier.
C．People shop in nearby stores without having to drive, so small businesses are declining.
D．The auto industry has been forced to develop new models which are more economical.
小題2:The purpose of writing this passage is＿．
A．to show the chain reaction of the rising gas price
B．to discuss whether it's necessary to work on new fuels
C．to warn people not to use too much gasoline
D．to picture what life will be like if gas runs out
小題3:What is the best title for this passage?
A．New fuels on the way
B．Cars or bicycles, that is a question
C．End of the good old days
D．From wheels to heels

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

This year the selfie earned its place as the Oxford English Dictionary’s 2013 Word Of The Year．It has taken over our culture-and our smartphones．The rise of the selfie has become universal-between presidents，celebrities(名人)and citizens alike-and the trend is only continuing to grow.

A recent survey conducted by the Pew Internet＆American Life Project found that 54 percent of Internet have posted original photos online．And of those hundreds of millions of photos， many are of selfie photos．
For example，currently there are nearly 62 million posted selfie
photos on Instagram，the social media tool that has  significantly contributed to the personal photo’s popularity．That figure，which continues to rise every day, does not even begin to include the selfies shared  on Facebook and Twitter.
What makes the selfie so attractive-and why do we feel it a must to take one? According to Dr．Pamela Rutledge，psychologist and director of the Media Psychology Research Center，the desire to take，post and get“l(fā)ikes” on selfies goes back to a biological behavior of all humans．
“ I think it influences our sense of social connection in the same way as it does when you go
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There is a way to adapt to the growing selfie culture．Whether you’re a selfie novice or an advanced poster，there are always things to be mindful of when you’re posting，Rutledge advises.
She offered two main principles to follow when it comes to posting on social media:
1．The Grandmother Rule
“Don't post anything online，whether text or visual，that you don't want grandmother or future
employer to see，” Rutledge said．“Selfies especially．”
2．The Elevator Rule
“You wouldn’t say something in an elevator that you or no one else wants to hear—the whole
world of social media is an elevator，” Rutledge said．“Be aware of the breadth of platform．It's easy to think you’re sharing a photo with a few people，but Instagram is public and people can come across things．”   
小題1:What's the main idea of the first paragraph?
A．The selfie is taking the lead．
B．Many people are fond of smartphones．
C．The selfie will take over everything．
D．The selfie is an important new word．
小題2:According to the passage，people like“selfie”so much，because they___________.
A．need to be acknowledged in social life
B．want to show off their new dresses
C．desire to share good things
D．mean to amuse the public
小題3:The underlined word“novice”in Paragraph 6 probably means“___________”.
A．publisherB．greenhandC．novelistD．celebrity
小題4:When it comes to posting on social media，Rutledge advises people to___________.
A．share photos only on Instagram
B．talk about their photos in an elevator
C．be cautious in posting things online
D．follow rules set by their grandmothers

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Cities with high levels of homeownership—in the range of 75%, like Detroit and St. Louis—had on average considerably lower levels of economic activity and much lower wages and incomes. Far too many people in financial problems are trapped in homes they can’t sell, unable to move on to new centers of opportunity.
The cities and regions with the lowest levels of homeownership—in the range of 55% to 60% like Los Angeles and New York—had healthier economies and higher incomes. They also had higher levels of happiness and well-being.
I was shocked to read these interesting points that Richard Florida made in his recent article. Let me try to understand. The people in Detroit and St. Louis are less happy than the people in New York, and Los Angeles. And, the reason is because of homeownership rates?
First, to compare them to New York City (the economic capital of the world), Los Angeles (the entertainment capital of the world) seems unfair. Most people in almost any other city in the world might be less happy!
Next, let’s try a different way of determining whether renters are happier than homeowners. Why don’t we ask them? Fannie Mae’s National Housing Survey 2010 reported:
75% of current renters believe owning a home makes more sense.
67% plan to buy a home at some point in the future.
When they asked current renters for the major reason to buy a house, these were their answers (they could pick several answers):
78% said it was a good place to raise children.
75% said because they would feel safe.
70% said because you have control of your own space.
If you believe renters are happier, you would also have to believe the majority enjoy living in a less safe environment, which wouldn’t be a good place to raise children and would be a place where they have less control of their space.
小題1:Which of the following is a fact?
A．People in Los Angeles earn high incomes because of its low homeownership rate.
B．New York’s low homeownership rate increases people’s happiness levels.
C．Detroit’s high level of homeownership causes its economic problems.
D．St. Louis has a higher level of homeownership than Los Angeles.
小題2:In his article, Richard Florida tried to express that _________.
A．people in Los Angeles are happier than those in St. Louis
B．renting a house is better than owning a house
C．Detroit’s economy is healthier than New York’s economy
D．New York and Los Angeles are happiest cities
小題3:The writer believes that New York City and Los Angeles _________.
A．pay employees highest wages in America
B．benefit from low levels of homeownership
C．a(chǎn)re leading cities across the globe
D．a(chǎn)re best American cities to live in
小題4:From Fannie Mae’s survey report, we can know that _________.
A．paying rent makes more sense
B．most homeowners plan to sell their houses
C．most renters prefer to become homeowners
D．parents need to buy a house for their children

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