Researchers in over 80 nations are taking part in a project to conduct a decade-long census(統(tǒng)計(jì)) of sea life. Scientists presented some of their findings at a recent conference as the project neared its completion.
In deep icy waters under Antarctica, scientists found bulbous tunicates, an underground animal, and many newly-discovered creatures believed to be related to starfish (海星) and other marine(海洋的）creatures.
Elsewhere in the world’s oceans, they have recently discovered many kinds of underwater life forms new to science. It is all part of a research effort called the Census of Marine Life.
“There are about 2,000 scientists worldwide involved,” said Bob Gagosian, President, CEO of the Consortium for Ocean Leadership. Gagosian helps manage the project. “Everywhere they’ve gone they’ve found new things,” he says. “The ocean basically is unexplored from the point of view of marine living things.”
Researchers have placed small markers on hundreds of fish and marine animals to track by satellite their migration(遷移）routes and to discover places where sea life gathers.
According to Ron O’Dor, a senior scientist with the Census of Marine Life, knowledge of life on the ocean floor is especially limited. “90% of all the information we have is from the top hundred meters of the ocean,” O’Dor states.
And he says the sea floor is, on average, at a depth of 4, 000 meters. And so, as some machines dive far below what people have previously seen, scientists are discovering new species of plants, animals and living things.
Since the census project began, more than 5,300 new marine animals have been found. Ocean researchers say they hope to catalogue 230,000 species during the census —which some say is only a small part of all the creatures living in the sea.
小題1:Why do the researchers place small markers on many marine creatures?
A．To catch them.B．To research them.
C．To kill them.D．To protect them.
小題2:From what Ron O’Dor says, we can conclude that        .
A．human beings only know a little about marine life
B．the oceans don’t need to be further explored
C．he considers exploring the ocean a dangerous thing
D．the marine creatures mainly live on the top of the ocean
小題3:What can we learn from the passage?
A．About 2,000 scientists from America are involved in the project.
B．The census of sea life will last for ten years.
C．230,000 new marine animals have been found.
D．The sea floor is at a depth of 400 meters.
小題4:Why does the author write the passage?
A．To tell the news that new marine creatures are being discovered
B．To encourage people to find new marine creatures
C．To prove the importance of marine creatures
D．To introduce the newly-discovered creatures.

小題1:B
小題2:A
小題3:B
小題4:A
文章主要對一項(xiàng)研究進(jìn)行介紹，告訴讀者發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多深海生物，人類對于海洋的認(rèn)識還很少。
小題1:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)第五段Researchers have placed small markers on hundreds of fish and marine animals to track by satellite their migration(遷移）routes and to discover places where sea life gathers可知，是為了研究他們。
小題2:推理判斷題，根據(jù)The ocean basically is unexplored from the point of view of marine living things可以，人類對于海洋的認(rèn)識還是非常非常少的。
小題3:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)第一段Researchers in over 80 nations are taking part in a project to conduct a decade-long census(統(tǒng)計(jì)) of sea life可知，這是一項(xiàng)長達(dá)十年的研究。
小題4:主旨大意題，文章主要對一項(xiàng)研究進(jìn)行介紹，告訴讀者發(fā)現(xiàn)了很多深海生物。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Testing has replaced teaching in most public schools. My own children's school week is framed by pretests, drills, tests, and retests. They know that the best way to read a textbook is to look at the questions at the end of the chapter and then skim the text for the answers. I believe that my daughter Erica, who gets excellent marks, has never read a chapter of any of her school textbooks all the way through. And teachers are often heard to state proudly and openly that they teach to the mandated (國家指定的) state test.
Teaching to the test is a curious phenomenon. Instead of deciding what skills students ought to learn, helping students learn them, and then using some reasonable methods of assessment to discover whether students have mastered the skills, teachers are encouraged to reverse the process. First, one looks at a commercially available test. Then, one distills (提取) the skills needed not to master reading, say, or math, but to do well on the test. Finally, the test skills are taught.
The ability to read or write or calculate might infer the ability to do reasonably well on standardized tests. However, neither reading nor writing develops simply through being taught to take tests. We must be careful to avoid mistaking preparation for a test of a skill with the acquisition of that skill. Too many discussions of the basics of skills make this fundamental confusion because people are test-centered rather than concerned with the nature and quality of what is taught.
Recently, many schools have faced what could be called the crisis of comprehension or, in simple terms, the phenomenon of students with phonic and grammar skills still being unable to understand what they read. These students are capable of taking tests and filling in workbooks. However, they have little or no experience reading or thinking, and talking about what they read. They know the details but can't see or understand the whole. They are taught to be so concerned with grade that they have' no time or ease of mind to think about meaning, and reread things if necessary.
小題1:As is indicated in the second paragraph, the author finds it strange that __.
A．tests are used to assess students' skills
B．skills are determined before tests are set
C．teaching is aimed to prepare students for tests
D．teachers use some reasonable methods of assessment
小題2:The crisis of comprehension most probably results from __.
A．students' poor phonic and grammar skills
B．teaching that takes up much of students' free time
C．teaching that emphasizes details rather than the whole
D．students' lack of ability to think about what they read
小題3:According to the author, we can infer that __.
A．the basics of skills have been discussed too much
B．the nature and quality of what is taught are fully concerned
C．skills in general are not only useless but often mislead students
D．doing well in a test does not necessarily mean acquiring the skill

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Although April did not bring us the rains we all hoped for, and although the Central Valley doesn’t generally experience the sound and lightning that can go with those rains, it’s still important for parents to be able to answer the youthful questions about thunder and lightning.
The reason these two wonders of nature are so difficult for many adults to explain to children is that they are not very well understood by adults themselves. For example, did you know that the lightning we see flashing down to the earth from a cloud is actually flashing up to a cloud from the earth? Our eyes trick us into thinking we see a downward motion when it’s actually the other way around. But then, if we believed only what we think and we see, we’d still insist that the sun rises in the morning and sets at night.
Most lightning flashes take place inside a cloud, and only a relative few can be seen jumping between two clouds or between earth and a cloud. But, with about 2,000 thunderstorms taking place above the earth every minute of the day and night, there’s enough activity to produce about 100 lightning strikes on earth every second.
Parents can use thunder and lightning to help their children learn more about the world around them. When children understand that the light of the lightning flashing reaches their eyes almost at the same moment, but the sound of the thunder takes about 5 seconds to travel just one mile, they can begin to time the interval (間隔) between the flash and the crash to learn how lose they were to the actual spark (閃光).
小題1:According to the author, in the area of the Central Valley____.
A．rains usually come without thunder and lightning.
B．it is usually dry in April
C．children pay no attention to the two natural wonders.
D．parents are not interested in thunder and lightning.
小題2:We believe that lightning is a downward motion because_______.
A．we were taught so by our parents from our childhood.
B．we are taken in by our sense of vision.
C．it is a common natural sight.
D．it is a truth proved by science.
小題3:What is TRUE about lightning according to the passage?
A．Only a small number of lightning flashes occur on earth.
B．Lightning flashes usually jump from one cloud to another.
C．Lightning travels 5 times faster than thunder.
D．There are far more lightning strikes occurring on earth than we can imagine.
小題4:The underlined word “activity”  is most closely related to the word (s) _____.
A．cloudB．lightning strikesC．lightning flashesD．thunderstorms
小題5:It can be concluded from the passage that _______.
A．we should not believe what we see or hear.
B．things moving downward are more noticeable.
C．people sometimes may have wrong ideas about ordinary phenomena.
D．a(chǎn)dults are not as good as children in observing certain natural phenomena.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Smart phones that react to your moods and televisions that can tell it’s you who’s watching are in your future as Intel Corporation’s top technology expert sets his sights on context-aware computing.
Chief technology officer Justin Rattner showed how personal devices will one day offer advice. “How can we change the relationship so we think of these devices not as devices but as assistants or even companions?” he asked.
Handheld devices could combine already common geographic location technology with data from microphones, cameras, heart and body monitors and even brain scans to offer their owners advice that today only a friend or relative could give.
“Imagine a device that uses a variety of sensors to determine what you are doing at an instant, from being asleep in your bed to being out for a run with a friend, ” Rattner said, “Future devices will constantly learn about who you are, how you live, work and play.’’
Rattner also demonstrated a television remote control that figures out who is holding it based on how it is held, and then learns the viewer’s entertainment preferences.
As the world leader for decades in microchips for servers and desktop computers, Intel is hurrying to catch up in the profitable market for smart phones like Apple’s iPhone and Research in Motion’s Blackberry.
Telephones with e-mail, global positioning and media players are pointing the way to a future where ever more functions are packed into ever smaller mobile devices.
The smart phone industry, including technology giants like LG and Samsung, is likely to sell 270 million phones this year and grow 25 percent in 2011, according to market research company IDC.
“I think you can expect to see features that support context-aware computing starting to appear in Intel products in the near future,” Rattner said.
But analysts say Intel faces an uphill battle getting its microchips into new phones as Nvidia, Marvell and Qualcomm have already made headway with cheap, lower-power processors based on designs by ARM Holdings.
Rattner recognized that questions about privacy and people’s willingness to be intimate with their computers will have to be settled before the future generation of smart phones he described takes off.
“If you think identity threat is a problem today, imagine when your whole context is readily available on the Net.”, he said.
小題1:The future smart phones can do all of the following except _______.
A．giving responses to the moods of the owners
B．giving proposals like assistants or companions
C．offering advice to their owners’ friends or relatives
D．telling the phone holders or carriers where they are
小題2:Which of the following are smart phones according to the passage?
A．iPhone and BlackberryB．LG and Samsung
C．Marvell and QualcommD．Nvidia and ARM Holdings
小題3:From the passage we can infer that _______.
A．Intel Corporation has become the world leader in the smar tphone market
B．Intel Corporation has fallen behind in the profitable market for smart phones
C．more functions packed into mobile phones will make mobile devices larger
D．the smart phone industry is likely to grow 25 percent in the year of 2011
小題4:The best title for the passage is likely to be _______.
A．Smart phones and TelevisionsB．Context-aware Computing
C．Personalized TelevisionsD．Personalized Smart phones

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The butterfly Ecological Park, which opened early this May, is located in Dabao Village in Longfeng Township of Pengzhou City, some 65 kilometers to the north of Chengdu downtown.
The park, covering an area of 67 hectares, is more famous for a variety of butterflies living in lush surroundings and houses a collection of some 30,000 butterfly species. An ideal site for parents and kids alike to enjoy the sight of “the flying flowers” and the ecological area.
A great variety of butterflies live in China, and Sichan and Yunnan are rich in butterfly resources. At present, 702 species have been discovered in Sichuan, where the number of butterfly species equals to the total of Europe. In the Longmen Mountain of Pengzhou City alone, there are more than 500 species.
The butterfly Ecological Park, a project of RMB200 million at the foot of the Longmen Mountain, is the natural habitat of butterflies. The park also has educational and cultural programs. The park has prepared many spring and summer activities for visitors, including a scientific exhibition about butterflies, a “butterfly valley” where visitors can have a close look at butterflies, even with them resting on the shoulders, and enjoy themselves in activities designed for children.
Tourists can enjoy the splendid scenery of thousands of butterflies at the “butterfly valley” and appreciate more than 30,000 different kinds of butterfly species at the exhibition area. Classified as the only category I butterfly species the Wild Animal Protection Law in 1989 in China, the Golden Kaiserihind is the most expensive species living in “butterfly valley”, with an estimated value of RMB10,000 each.
小題1:What does the underlined word “l(fā)ush’in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A．subtle B．rich C．grateful D．sensitive
小題2:The author mentioned Europe in the essay to _______?
A．stress that Sichuan has plenty of butterfly resources.
B．state that a large number of butterflies live in Europe.
C．tell readers that more than 500 species of butterflies live in Europe.
D．emphasize that Europe is less famous than the Longmen Mountain.
小題3:Why is The butterfly Ecological Park situated at the foot of the Longmen Mountain?
A．Because the park has educational and cultural programs.
B．Because the park has prepared many spring and summer activities.
C．Because visitors can have a close look at butterflies in the park.
D．Because butterflies of various species can live there naturally.
小題4:The Golden Kaiserihind in the last paragraph is probably ________.
A．a(chǎn) splendid sceneryB．a(chǎn) butterfly valley
C．a(chǎn)n estimated valueD．a(chǎn) butterfly species

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Why texting harms your IQ
The regular use of text messages and e-mails can lower the IQ more than twice as much as smoking marijuana (大麻). That is the statement of researchers who have found that tapping away on a mobile phone or computer keypad or checking for electronic messages temporarily knocks up to 10 points off the user’s IQ. This rate of decline in intelligence compares unfavorably with the four-point drop in IQ associated with smoking marijuana, according to British researchers, who have described the phenomenon of improved stupidity as “infomania”. The research conducted by Hewlett Packard, the technology company, has concluded that it is mainly a problem for adult workers, especially men.
It is concluded that too much use of modern technology can damage a person’s mind. It can cause a constant distraction of “always on” technology when employees should be concentrating on what they are paid to do. Infomania means that they lose concentration as their minds remain fixed in an almost permanent state of readiness to react to technology instead of focusing on the task in hand. The report also added that, in a long term, the brain will be considerably shaped by what we do to it and by the experience of daily life. At a microcellular level, the complex networks of nerve cells that make up parts of the brain actually change in response to certain experiences.
Too much use of modern technology can be damaging not only to a person’s mind, but to their social relationship. 1100 adults were interviewed during the research. More than 62 per cent of them admitted that they were addicted to checking their e-mails and text messages so often that they scrutinized work-related ones even when at home or on holiday. Half said that they always responded immediately to an email and will even interrupt a meeting to do so. It is concluded that infomania is increasing stress and anxiety and affecting one’s characteristics. Nine out of ten thought that colleagues who answered e-mails or messages during a face-to-face meeting were extremely rude.
The effects on IQ were studied by Dr Glenn Wilson, a psychologist at University of London. “This is a very real and widespread phenomenon,” he said. “We have found that infomania will damage a worker’s performance by reducing their mental sharpness and changing their social life. Companies should encourage a more balanced and appropriate way of working.”
小題1:We can learn from the passage that “infomania” ______.
A．has a positive influence on one’s IQ
B．results in the change of part of the brain
C．lies in the problem of lack of concentration
D．is caused by too much use of modern technology
小題2:The research mentioned in the passage is most probably about ______.
A．the important function of advanced technology
B．the damage to one’s brain done by unhealthy habits
C．the relevance between IQ and use of modern technology
D．the relationship between intelligence and working effectiveness
小題3:The underlined word “scrutinized” probably means “______”.
A．examined carefullyB．copied patiently
C．corrected quicklyD．a(chǎn)dmitted freely
小題4:Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
A．
B．
C．
D．
CP: Central Point   P: Point   Sp: Sub-point (次要點(diǎn))   C: Conclusion

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Memory is the ability to keep track of things that have happened in the past. Memory really is learning. One needs memory to ride a bicycle. A dog needs to remember if it is to come when called.
Memory is said to be stored in the brain as a “memory trace（記憶痕）.” What makes up this trace is not known. Some scientists believe that certain chemical substances may carry certain memories. For example, one substance, when given to rats, causes them to fear the dark.
Other research into memory has to do with how the brain works. Psychologists use three means to find out how a person remembers. For example, give a person a grocery list. Let the person memorize the list, then put it away. The most natural way to find out how much a person remembers of the grocery list is to ask what he or she remembers. This is called the method of recall. Another method is called recognition. Give the person another grocery list. Ask him or her to choose items on the first list from the items that are on only the second list. Often a person will be able to recognize things that he or she cannot recall. A third method of finding how much a person remembers is called relearning. Here the person is asked to read over the first list. The person will probably learn the list the second time faster than he did the first time. The difference in the time it takes to relearn the list is thought of as a measure of how much a person has remembered.
One way of remembering something is to repeat it many times. Interest is very important. Boring lists of facts are much more difficult to remember than something that we understand and are interested in. Motivation, or wanting to do something, is also important. Motivation is linked with reward. For example, a hungry animal quickly learns how to do something if that action gets the animal food. In humans, wanting to learn is often motivation. The praise of a teacher or the knowledge that an answer is correct is rewarding.
小題1:We can learn from the 2nd paragraph that ___________       .
A．bad memories may cause rats to fear the dark
B．it is hard to tell what a memory trace consists of
C．chemical substances carry certain memories
D．memory is stored in the brain as a substance
小題2:The way to pick out the items on the first list from the second is known as ________ .
A．recognitionB．recallC．memorizationD．relearning
小題3:What is considered as a measure of how much one has remembered?
A．The length of the list.
B．The type of list items.
C．The time difference of relearning.
D．The time difference of brain working.
小題4:A good way to train an animal to do something quickly is to ________.
A．make the action easyB．praise it in words
C．reward it with foodD．weaken its motivation

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

How is it that siblings (兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently? One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in a different family. The firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. The next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. One sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father.
Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918. But more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each others’ lives. Dr. Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. The reason for this might be that the later children aren’t getting the same one-on-one time with parents. But that doesn’t mean that the younger children have problems with language development. Later-borns don’t enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “I” and “me”. 
A Cambridge University study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. Love-hate relationships were common among the children. Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.
One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained from their parents.
小題1:The underlined part “in a different family” (in Para. 1) means “_______”.
A．in a different family environment
B．in a different family tradition
C．in different family crises
D．in different families
小題2:In terms of language development, later-borns ________.
A．get their parents’ individual guidance
B．learn a lot from their elder siblings
C．experience a lot of difficulties
D．pick up words more quickly
小題3:What was found about fights among siblings?
A．Siblings hated fighting and loved playing.
B．Siblings in some families fought frequently.
C．Sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships.
D．Siblings learned to get on together from fights.
小題4:The word “feminine” (in Para. 4) means “_______”.
A．having qualities of parents
B．having qualities of women
C．having defensive qualities
D．having extraordinary qualities

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


New findings suggest that brainy card games such as contract bridge may temporarily(臨時(shí)地) raise production of a key blood cell including in fighting off illness. After 90 minutes of play, bridge players had increased levels of immune(免疫) cells, according to the research reported last week.
A researcher, Diamond, studied bridge players from a women’s bridge club. She chose bridge players because the game includes skills stimulating(刺激) a part of the brain called the dorsolateral cortex. Earlier animal research suggests that this part of the brain may play a role in the immune system.
The findings are based on blood samples drawn from 12 women players. Their blood samples showed a rise in levels of white blood cells called T cells after they played bridge for 90 minutes. T cells are produced by the thymus gland(胸腺) and used by the immune system against diseases.
The T cell count jumped significantly in eight of the bridge players, and slightly in the other four. The findings contribute to the field of neuroimmunology(神經(jīng)免疫學(xué)), whose name reflects the fact that the nervous system and the immune system are not considered separate and isolated(獨(dú)立的) systems. What isn’t clear is whether the help to the immune system from an activity like contract bridge is lasting or temporary. It is also not clear whether the increase in T cells could finally be targeted against special illnesses.
小題1:Playing bridge can help one to fight off diseases because it can _______.
A．raise production of a key blood cell B．make people joyful
C．a(chǎn)id digestionD．make break away from the bad habits
小題2:Diamond chose to study bridge players for the research because _______.
A．the players are good friends of hers
B．she loves playing bridge
C．this game stimulates a part of the brain that has something to do with immune system
D．she is a clever manager, who operates her bridge club well
小題3:A T cell is _______ cell.
A．a(chǎn) brainB．a(chǎn) white blood
C．a(chǎn) red blood D．a(chǎn) kind of dangerous blood
小題4:Which of the following is true according to this article?
A．The immune system and the brain system used to be considered separate and isolated systems.
B．The help to the immune system that is brought about by playing bridge can last for a long time.
C．Cortex is a kind of blood cell.
D．The new findings are impossible.

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