New findings suggest that brainy card games such as contract bridge may temporarily(臨時地) raise production of a key blood cell including in fighting off illness. After 90 minutes of play, bridge players had increased levels of immune(免疫) cells, according to the research reported last week.
A researcher, Diamond, studied bridge players from a women’s bridge club. She chose bridge players because the game includes skills stimulating(刺激) a part of the brain called the dorsolateral cortex. Earlier animal research suggests that this part of the brain may play a role in the immune system.
The findings are based on blood samples drawn from 12 women players. Their blood samples showed a rise in levels of white blood cells called T cells after they played bridge for 90 minutes. T cells are produced by the thymus gland(胸腺) and used by the immune system against diseases.
The T cell count jumped significantly in eight of the bridge players, and slightly in the other four. The findings contribute to the field of neuroimmunology(神經(jīng)免疫學), whose name reflects the fact that the nervous system and the immune system are not considered separate and isolated(獨立的) systems. What isn’t clear is whether the help to the immune system from an activity like contract bridge is lasting or temporary. It is also not clear whether the increase in T cells could finally be targeted against special illnesses.
小題1:Playing bridge can help one to fight off diseases because it can _______.
A．raise production of a key blood cell B．make people joyful
C．a(chǎn)id digestionD．make break away from the bad habits
小題2:Diamond chose to study bridge players for the research because _______.
A．the players are good friends of hers
B．she loves playing bridge
C．this game stimulates a part of the brain that has something to do with immune system
D．she is a clever manager, who operates her bridge club well
小題3:A T cell is _______ cell.
A．a(chǎn) brainB．a(chǎn) white blood
C．a(chǎn) red blood D．a(chǎn) kind of dangerous blood
小題4:Which of the following is true according to this article?
A．The immune system and the brain system used to be considered separate and isolated systems.
B．The help to the immune system that is brought about by playing bridge can last for a long time.
C．Cortex is a kind of blood cell.
D．The new findings are impossible.

小題1:A
小題2:C
小題3:B
小題4:A
文章講述了一個有趣的現(xiàn)象打橋牌可以提高免疫力，并提出了科學依據(jù)。
小題1:細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第一行New findings suggest that brainy card games such as contract bridge may temporarily(臨時地) raise production of a key blood cell including in fighting off illness.
小題2:細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段2,3行because the game includes skills stimulating(刺激) a part of the brain called the dorsolateral cortex. Earlier animal research suggests that this part of the brain may play a role in the immune system.
小題3:細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第二行Their blood samples showed a rise in levels of white blood cells called T cells。
小題4:推理題。根據(jù)最后一段The findings contribute to the field of neuroimmunology(神經(jīng)免疫學), whose name reflects the fact that the nervous system and the immune system are not considered separate and isolated(獨立的) systems.可知人們過去認為這兩種系統(tǒng)的孤立的沒有聯(lián)系的。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從1 -15各題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
" You probably don't remember me," she said. Then she pulled out a piece of paper from her ___1___ and gave it to me. It was my handwriting.
As the assistant of the Honors Programs at the university, one of my __2___ was to review student transcripts(成績單) to make sure they could ___3___ in Honors. It was common for students to have a(n) ___4___ start and they could no longer continue in Honors after their first term. However, sometimes their ___5___ term report cards would still be sent to us even though the students were no longer in the program.
The note she handed me ___6___, " Congratulations on your excellent second term. You may have been ___7___ with your grades, but you should feel ___8___ of how you've made some progress. Best of luck in keeping up the good work, and you'll be able to succeed."
The student went on and said, " You can't know what this ___9___ to me. I've carried it in my purse for three years and pulled it out anytime I didn't want to do my ___10___. For three years I've been ___11___ to enter your office and giving you this note and this ___12____. " she handed me her latest transcript with good marks.
We were both ___13____. She cried and I ___14____ to. Writing the note seemed like nothing to me, but it meant so ___15___ to her. I really had no idea that my actions had such meaning.
小題1:
A．bag B．pocketC．purseD．box
小題2:
A．a(chǎn)imsB．wishesC．plansD．jobs
小題3:
A．continueB．keepC．carryD．go
小題4:
A．pleasantB．unluckyC．easyD．different
小題5:
A．secondB．firstC．lastD．final
小題6:
A．readB．wroteC．voicedD．a(chǎn)nnounced
小題7:
A．surprisedB．disappointedC．a(chǎn)shamedD．pleased
小題8:
A．carefulB．a(chǎn)fraidC．tiredD．proud
小題9:
A．broughtB．meantC．designedD．suggested
小題10:
A．work B．dutyC．homeworkD．responsibility
小題11:
A．regrettingB．refusingC．planningD．promising
小題12:
A．transcriptB．bookC．penD．gift
小題13:
A．worriedB．excitedC．happyD．sad
小題14:
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Researchers in over 80 nations are taking part in a project to conduct a decade-long census(統(tǒng)計) of sea life. Scientists presented some of their findings at a recent conference as the project neared its completion.
In deep icy waters under Antarctica, scientists found bulbous tunicates, an underground animal, and many newly-discovered creatures believed to be related to starfish (海星) and other marine(海洋的）creatures.
Elsewhere in the world’s oceans, they have recently discovered many kinds of underwater life forms new to science. It is all part of a research effort called the Census of Marine Life.
“There are about 2,000 scientists worldwide involved,” said Bob Gagosian, President, CEO of the Consortium for Ocean Leadership. Gagosian helps manage the project. “Everywhere they’ve gone they’ve found new things,” he says. “The ocean basically is unexplored from the point of view of marine living things.”
Researchers have placed small markers on hundreds of fish and marine animals to track by satellite their migration(遷移）routes and to discover places where sea life gathers.
According to Ron O’Dor, a senior scientist with the Census of Marine Life, knowledge of life on the ocean floor is especially limited. “90% of all the information we have is from the top hundred meters of the ocean,” O’Dor states.
And he says the sea floor is, on average, at a depth of 4, 000 meters. And so, as some machines dive far below what people have previously seen, scientists are discovering new species of plants, animals and living things.
Since the census project began, more than 5,300 new marine animals have been found. Ocean researchers say they hope to catalogue 230,000 species during the census —which some say is only a small part of all the creatures living in the sea.
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A．To catch them.B．To research them.
C．To kill them.D．To protect them.
小題2:From what Ron O’Dor says, we can conclude that        .
A．human beings only know a little about marine life
B．the oceans don’t need to be further explored
C．he considers exploring the ocean a dangerous thing
D．the marine creatures mainly live on the top of the ocean
小題3:What can we learn from the passage?
A．About 2,000 scientists from America are involved in the project.
B．The census of sea life will last for ten years.
C．230,000 new marine animals have been found.
D．The sea floor is at a depth of 400 meters.
小題4:Why does the author write the passage?
A．To tell the news that new marine creatures are being discovered
B．To encourage people to find new marine creatures
C．To prove the importance of marine creatures
D．To introduce the newly-discovered creatures.

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Which are you more likely to have with you at any given moment-your cell phone or your wallet? Soon you may be able to throw your wallet away and pay for things with a quick wave of your smart phone over an electronic scanner.
In January, Starbucks announced that customers could start using their phones to buy coffee in 6,800 of its stores. This is the first pay-by-phone practice in the U.S., but we’re likely to see more wireless payment alternatives as something called near field communication (NFC) gets into America’s consumer electronics. Last December, some new smart phones which contain an NFC chip were introduced to the public.
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Still uneasy about this digital-wallet business? Keep in mind that if you lose your smart phone, it can be located on a map and remotely disabled. Plus, your phone can be password protected. Your wallet isn’t.
小題1:What is predicted to happen in the U.S.?
A．The expansion of cell phone companies.
B．The boom of pay-by-phone business.
C．The disappearance of credit cards.
D．The increase of Starbucks sales.
小題2:The NFC technology can be used to __________.
A．ensure the safety of shoppers
B．collect transaction fees easily
C．make purchase faster and simpler
D．improve the quality of cell phones
小題3:Three cell phone service providers form a joint venture to __________.
A．strengthen their relationship
B．test the NFC technology
C．sell more cell phones
D．get a share in the payments industry
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A．Stop the functioning of their phones.
B．Set up a password.
C．Get all the money out of their phones.
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Title: 小題1:_____________________
Types
Causes
小題2:_______________
Existing Time
小題3:_____________
Temporary
Not mentioned
Not mentioned
Very Short
 
Normal
and healthy
 
Situational
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● a family problem,
●小題5:_________________           of loved ones
● moving to a new place
小題6:______________
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Not more than a year
 
小題7:__________
 
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For better eyesight, doctors advise limiting the hours of screen time and encourage having enough eye resting time.
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The research team found that the prevalence（流行）of myopia among children in Sydney was lower than children in Singapore, even though they spent more time in front of computer and TV screens. The major finding is that children in Sydney spend longer hours on outdoor activities than those in Singapore.
Indoor and outdoor sports activities both make the eyes focus on more distant objects, which prevents the eyes from changing shape. But outdoor activities may better help avoid myopia than indoor sports activities.
Jane Gwiazda, who does research in sight problems, says: “Natural light is good for eye growth. And extra vitamin D from the sun might contribute to eye growth.”
Many doctors suggest that every child get its first eye test done when he/she is about two and half years old, and even if his/her sight seems perfect.
It is necessary for myopic children to wear glasses to prevent headaches, trouble reading or injuries. It is also important that schools invite doctors to test their students’ eyes.
If that is not possible, school teachers should at least encourage parents and children to have regular eye examinations and wear glasses. And parents should remember not only to limit the total screen time for their children, but also to encourage them to spend time outdoors.
小題1:What’s the aim of the study by the Australian research team ?
A．To find the reasons for myopia.
B．To find the ways to treat myopia.
C．To prove the bad effects of myopia.
D．To prove the prevalence of myopia.
小題2:Why are there fewer children with myopia in Sydney than in Singapore ?
A．Because Sydney children watch less TV.
B．Because Sydney children have more eye resting time.
C．Because Sydney children use computers less.
D．Because Sydney children do more outdoor sports.
小題3:What conclusion can we draw from the passage ?
A．Sydney children don’t study hard.
B．Singapore children do few exercises.
C．Outdoor activities do more good to eyes.
D．Room light does harm to children’s eyes.
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A．Children should have eye tests as soon as they reach school age.
B．Doing outdoor activities with no glasses is good for myopia children.
C．Focusing on distant objects can help the eyes keep their original shape.
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


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A new book by Mike Berners Lee, an expert, might be able to help. The carbon footprint looks at the different things we do and buy, and calculates the amount of CO2 all of the following created: the ingredients, the electricity, the equipment, the travel and commuting of the beer, and the packaging. It’s amazing how many different things need to be included in each calculation. And it’s frightening how much carbon dioxide everything produces.
This can help us decide which beer to drink. From Berners Lee’s calculations, it’s clear that a pint (568ml) of locally brewed beer has a smaller carbon footprint than a bottle of imported beer. This is because the imported beer has been transported from far away, and it uses more packaging. The local beer only produces 300g of CO2, but the imported beer produces 900g! So, one pint of local beer is better for the environment.
Berners Lee has even calculated the carbon footprint of cycling to work. Nothing is more environmentally friendly than riding a bike, surely? Well, it depends on what you’ve had to eat before. To ride a bike we need energy and for energy we need food. So if we eat a banana and then ride a kilometer, our footprint is 65g of CO2. However, if we eat bacon before the ride, it’s 200g. In fact, bananas are good because they don’t need packaging, they can be transported by boat and they grow in natural sunlight.
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小題1:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Everything produces carbon dioxide equally.
B．The imported beer is much better than the local beer in quality.
C．Actually bananas are good in general because they produce less CO2.
D．To make our carbon footprints smaller, we should often drink more beer.
小題2:The underlined word “brew” in Paragraph 3 most probably means “___________”.
A．makeB．putC．look afterD．take place
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A．To tell the differences among bikes, beer and bananas.
B．To call on us to take action to make carbon footprint smaller.
C．To introduce what CO2 really is in our life.
D．To remind us to start healthy eating habits.
小題4:Where can we probably read this passage?
A．In a science fiction story.B．In a newspaper advertisement.
C．In a science research report.D．In a travel magazine.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Have you heard of the movie Benji off the Leashf This Benji story7 begins when his mother, a pretty black furry dog, escapes from the puppy mill with Colby, a boy who loves her．He tries to hide her in an abandoned house．The boy' s father discovers her there and takes mother and pups back home to the puppy mill, but leaves Benji behind because he doesn't look purebred （純血統(tǒng)的） enough to be sold for money．Colby comes back later to rescue the tiny puppy and keeps Benji in his wooden clubhouse, bringing Mom to come to visit him in secret．
As Benji grows bigger, it becomes harder to keep him in the clubhouse, and eventually the boy' s father discovers him and Benji is forced to flee to the streets．But despite his fear of Colby' s father, Benji cannot forget about his mother, who is growing steadily weaker and sicker．He continues to sneak back to the puppy mill yard to spy on the goings-on there and plan a way to rescue her．
Benji's doggie pal, Scrappy enters the story when he is pushed out of a car into a country lane．Once his paws hit the ground, Scrappy wags his tail once helplessly after the car as it drives away, and then is immediately up to his neck in hapless mischief （頑皮）. Scrappy is a lovably stupid little dog who barely manages to escape the animal control officers who are determined to catch him．
One of the wonderful things about this movie is that the two stars are not highly trained purebred dogs．Both Benji and Scrappy were rescued mixed breed dogs found at local animal shelters．Adorable Benji and his stupid pal, Scrappy, demonstrate that mixed-breed rescue dogs are just as intelligent and trainable as any purebred dog．
Benji Off the Leash clearly demonstrates the connection between people who abuse animals and people who abuse people．Colby' s father takes out his anger on those who are weaker than him, namely by frightening his wife and the dogs．He attempts to frighten Colby, but the boy bravely refuses to let him．
Children who are used to fast-paced action films with catchy theme songs may not have the patience for the slower pace of this film．But for rescue volunteers, older children, and anyone who loves dogs, this is a heartwarming movie that shows how even in today' s world of deserted dogs and backyard puppy mills, there can still be happy endings for homeless dogs．
小題1:What can be learned from the passage?
A．Two dogs star the movie．
B．The boy' s mother is very disgusting．
C．The movie will be liked by all the children．
D．The movie is fast-paced．
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A．The movie is in praise of deserting homeless dogs．
B．We shouldn't have mercy on homeless dogs．
C．We human beings need to love animals because they are our friends．
D．mixed-breed rescued dogs are less intelligent and trainable than purebred dogs．
小題3:What' s the passage mainly about?
A．Reviewing a Him．
B．Giving a summary of a movie．
C．Thinking highly of the relationship between animals and humans．
D．Criticizing people deserting animals．
小題4:What' s the purpose of writing the passage?
A．To attract more people to see the movie．
B．To call on children to help homeless pets．
C．To show anger about abusing animals．
D．To urge people to care and love animals．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從1—15各題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They  1  their own way to learn the language. Instead of  2 for the teachers to explain, they try to find the pattern and rules for themselves. They are good  3 who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from their mistakes.        
Secondly,   4  language learners are active in  5 , therefore, they do not wait for a chance to use the languages, and they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and let those people  6 them when they make a  7 . They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say  8  things which sound weird. They are willing to make mistakes and try again, when communication is difficult. They can accept information that is  9  or incomplete. It is more  10  for them to learn to think in the language than to know the  11 of every word.
  12 successful language learners are learners with  13 . They want to learn language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to  14 with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language  15  because they want to learn it.
小題1:
A．learnB．observeC．discoverD．notice
小題2:
A．delayingB．waitingC．postponingD．staying
小題3:
A．findersB．thinkersC．believersD．guessers
小題4:
A．winningB．luckyC．successfulD．flourishing
小題5:
A．discoveringB．memorizingC．learningD．studying
小題6:
A．correctB．changeC．a(chǎn)djustD．mark
小題7:
A．mistakeB．pointC．failureD．fault
小題8:
A．a(chǎn)wkwardB．strangeC．unfamiliar D．curious
小題9:
A．unobvious B．incredibleC．incorrect D．indifferent
小題10:
A．funnyB．interestingC．importantD．boring
小題11:
A．meaning B．contentC．contextD．explanation
小題12:
A．Finally B．SecondlyC．Thirdly D．Mostly
小題13:
A．purpose B．interestC．matterD．concern
小題14:
A．convey B．inform C．report D．communicate
小題15:
A．regularly B．commonly C．typically D．usually

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