Animals can move from place to place, but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws. But plants can defend (保護(hù)) themselves by using both physical and chemical means.
　　Some plants have their own ways to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines (刺) that discourage grass-eating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.
　　Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grasses may contain a sandy material; eating such grasses wears down the animal's teeth.
　　Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fight against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar (毛蟲) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.
Many plants depend on both physical and chemical defenses. A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly (多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom (毒液) A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future. 
小題1:To defend themselves, oak trees use________.
A．chemical means B．physical means
C．bitter chemicals D．sandy materials
小題2:How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?
A．Its leaves fight against the attack by physical means.
B．Its roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.
C．Its roots increase the production of nicotine when it is attacked.
D．Its leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.
小題3:What would be the best title for this passage?
A．Plants and Animals
B．How Plants Defend Themselves
C．Attacks and Defenses
D．How Animals Eat Plant Leaves

小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:B
講述了植物通過各種方法來保護(hù)自己。
小題1:推理題。根據(jù)第三段第一行Some plants, such as the oak tree, have thick and hard leaves。可知有厚的堅(jiān)硬的葉子，這是物理方面的方法。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第五行This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine.
小題3:主旨大意題。通讀全文可知文章是關(guān)于植物如何保護(hù)自己的。
練習(xí)冊系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Our surroundings are being polluted faster than nature and man’s present efforts cannot prevent it. Time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more industry, more cars, larger cities, and the growing use of man-made materials.
What can explain and solve this problem? The fact is that pollution is caused by man—by his desire for a modern way of life. We make “increasing industrialization” our chief aim. So we are often ready to offer everything: clean air, pure water, good food, our health and the future of our children. There is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the benefits of our modern society. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years, pollution has become a serious problem.
Isn’t it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going—and why? It makes one think of the story about the airline pilot who told his passengers over the loudspeaker, “I’ve some good news and some bad news. The good news is that we’re making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. The bad news is that we’re lost and don’t know where we’re going.” The sad fact is that this becomes a true story when spoken of our modern society.
小題1:Man cannot prevent the world from being polluted mainly because______.
A．the population of the world is decreasing fast
B．people use too many man-made materials
C．we have more and more industry
D．we are producing more cars, trucks and buses
小題2:According to the passage, what does man value most?
A．Industry.B．Health.
C．Clean air.D．The future of the children.
小題3:The story about the airline pilot tells us that ______.
A．man knows where the society is going
B．people do not welcome the rapid development of modern society
C．man can do little about the problem of pollution
D．the writer is worried about the future of our society
小題4:People crowd into the cities because ______.
A．they want very much to find well-paid jobs
B．they are anxious to enjoy the achievements of our society
C．they have become tired of their homeland
D．they have a strong wish to become industrial workers

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解



Now those same people perhaps come to realize that their kids are born with their own sets of DNA and personality traits(特點(diǎn))，and all you can do is loving and accepting them．As parents，throughout their growing years and beyond that, we need to be our kids' best cheerleaders，guiding them and helping them find their way.
I have stopped asking my son to sit down and concentrate．Obviously, he is concentrating just in his own way and not mine．We need to learn to accept our kids' ways of doing things．Some way may have worked for me but doesn't mean we need to carry it through generations．There is nothing sweeter than being individual(個(gè)體的) and unique(獨(dú)特的)．It makes us free and happy and that's just the way I want my kids to live their own life．
小題1:At the beginning, the author tried to keep his son seated in order to make him________.
A．pay more attention to his study.B．keep silent in the room.
C．finish his homework on time.D．get right answers.
小題2:Inspired by the case of his son，the author began to doubt________.
A．the importance of parents.
B．the old form of education.
C．the relationship between kids and their parents.
D．the good grades of some kids.
小題3:According to the passage, which of the following statements is right?
A. We should help kids correct their wrong ways.
B. Parents should study their kids’ DNA.    
C. Kids should be taught to behave themselves.
D. Parents should love and accept their kids.
小題4:The author has stopped asking his son to sit down because __________.
A．he has changed his traditional ideas.
B．his son wants to be unique.
C．his son doesn’t follow his advice.
D．his son’s DNA is different.
小題5:Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?
A．Study hard and you'll be successful.
B．Be friendly to your children.
C．Children's success in their own style.
D．Parents' help with their children's study.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Many people consider their pets members of the family and are very sad when they die, but what if you could clone your dog, cat or bird?
A scientist in New Orleans, who has proved his ability to clone other animals, is now offering the possibility to pet owners here in Wisconsin．
Scientists have not been able to clone dogs, cats or other pets, but if and when the time comes, several companies will be ready and able to do the job．
The question is: Are you ready to clone your pet? Brett Reggio is betting on it．He is working on his Ph. D at Louisian State University. He's successfully cloned a goat five times and wants to try the process on family pets．  So he started a business called Lazaron． “What Lazaron provides is the first step in the cloning process． ”He said．“It’s for curing and storing the fiberglass cells that will be used for cloning．”
“Your first reaction is yeah! I think I’d like that．” said Donna Schacht, a pet owner．
“I don’t believe you can ever replace a special love,” pet owner Paulette Callattion said．
Most pet owners will tell you freezing your pet’s  DNA in hopes of one day cloning it is a personal decision．
Scientists say that cloning your own pet doesn’t mean that the offspring（后代） will have the same intelligence, temperament（性情） or other qualities that your pet has．
小題1:From the passage we know that scientists have ______．
A．tried to clone animals
B．cloned many kinds of animals
C．been able to clone pets for people
D．once cloned goats successfully
小題2:Brett Reggio started a business in order to _____．
A．clone pets for people
B．store the DAN of people’s pets for cloning one day
C．make pets members of a family
D．collect different ideas on cloning from people
小題3:Some people seem not interested in cloning pets because___________．
A．they think it would be too expensive
B．they don’t think scientists will one day be able to clone their pets
C．they think the cloned pet would not be the one they once had
D．they don’t want to give any love to the cloned pet
小題4:If you cloned a pet, your might find that it_____．
A．looked different from the pet you once had
B．turned out to be another kind of animal
C．had a different character
D．were just the same pet your once had

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


A Nobel Prize is considered by most people one of the highest international honors a person can receive. As you know, the prizes were started by a Sweden called Sweden Alfred Nobel. Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, and lived from 1833 to 1896.
Alfred Nobel was a chemist and inventor. He made two important inventions, so he became very rich. Although he was rich, Nobel was not a happy man. He never married or had children. Also, he was a sick man in large part of his life. Nobel died at the age of sixty-three. When he died, he left a fund of $9,000,000. The money was to be used in giving prizes to those who made outstanding achievement in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and the promotion(促進(jìn))of the world peace.
The first Nobel Prize were given on December 10th,1901, five years after Nobel’s death. Many famous people all over the world have been given Nobel Prizes for their achievements. Albert Einstein was one of them.
Each prize has three parts. The first part is a gold medal. Second, a winner of a Nobel Prize is given a diploma saying that he has been given the prize. The third part of the prize is a large amount of money---about $40，000.
Often a prize is given to just one person, but not always. Sometimes a prize is shared. It might be given to two or more people who have worked together. It is also sometimes true that a prize is not given at all if there is no outstanding achievement. In 1972, for example, not a Nobel Prize was given. It is the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm that decides whether to give the prize or not.
小題1:Most people think that Nobel Prize is ____ a person can receive.
A．the highest honor in the world
B．one of the highest international honors
C．a(chǎn) higher honor than others
D．a(chǎn)s high as any other honor
小題2:Alfred Nobel who started the Nobel Prize was _____.
A．a(chǎn) rich, happy and lucky man
B．a(chǎn) poor, unhappy and unlucky man
C．a(chǎn) poor, happy and lucky man
D．a(chǎn) rich unhappy and unlucky man
小題3:A Nobel Prize is made up of ___.
A．a(chǎn) gold medal and a large amount of money
B．a(chǎn) gold medal and a diploma
C．a(chǎn) gold medal and a diploma and a large amount of money
D．a(chǎn) diploma and a large amount of money
小題4:A Nobel Prize is given to ___ each year.
A．just one personB．one person
C．not always one personD．three persons
小題5:When he died, Nobel left an amount of money ____.
A．to his wife and children
B．to the university he used to study in
C．to his parents and his studies
D．to be spent on setting five prizes

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Have you ever heard of Paynes Prairie(大草原)？ It is one of the most important natural and historical areas in Florida. Paynes Prairie is located near Gainesville. It is large, 21,000 acres. This protected land is called a reserve, which is managed by the Florida Park Service.
The Paynes Prairie basin was formed when limestone(石灰石）broke down and the ground settled. It is covered by wet prairie plants. There are areas of open water. During brief periods it was flooded enough to be considered a lake. Except for that, the basin has changed little through time.
Man has lived on Paynes Prairie a very long time. He lived there as far back as 10,000 B.C.. At one time, the Seminoles lived there. The prairie is thought to have been named after King Payne, a Seminole chief. During the late 1600s, the largest farm where cattle are fed in Florida was on Paynes.
William Bartram who lived 200 years ago visited Paynes Praire in 1774. Bartram was the first person who described nature through personal experiences as well as scientific observations. At that time he called Paynes Prairie the “great Alachua Savannah". Most of the animal life, which Bartram described, is still here. A large number of animals live here in winter. The variety of animals is increased by the presence of pine flat woods, wetlands and ponds.
The Paynes Prairie Reserve State Park is open all year round. The Florida Park Service works hard so that the park will appear as it did in the past. It offers many opportunities for entertainment. In the park you can camp and picnic. You can hike and bike. You can boat and fish. You can ride on horses. And you can see Florida as it was in the early days.
小題1:The second paragraph is mainly about   _______.
A．how the present Paynes Prairie basin came into being
B．what the present Paynes Prairie basin is covered by
C．why the present Paynes Prairie basin is unchanged
D．when the present Paynes Prairie basin began to exist
小題2:All of the following statements are true EXCEPT that _______
A．the Florida Park Service manages Paynes Prairie
B．you can have fun in the Paynes Prairie Reserve State Park
C．there used to be a big cattle farm on Paynes Prairie
D．William Bartram was the first person to visit Paynes prairie
小題3:The purpose of the passage is to _______.
A．call on people to protect wildlife of Paynes Prairie
B．introduce Paynes Prairie to people
C．tell people the recorded history of Paynes Prairie
D．a(chǎn)ttract people to visit Paynes Prairie
小題4:What will the writer most probably talk about in the paragraph that follows?
A．The effect of tourism on Paynes Prairie.
B．The history and present of Florida.
C．The natural resources of Florida.
D．The future development of Paynes Prairie.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Secondhand smoke isn’t just a health threat to people．It can also hurt dogs and cats，veterinarians say．
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention，more than 126 million Americans who don't smoke are exposed to secondhand smoke in their homes，vehicles，workplaces，and public places．This exposure causes thousands of lung cancer and heart disease deaths among nonsmokers every year，according to the California Environmental Protection Agency．
“Making the leap from the effects of secondhand smoke on humans to their effects on pets isn't a big one,” says veterinarian （獸醫(yī)專家） Carolynn MacAllister of Oklahoma State University．
“There have been a number of scientific papers recently that have reported the significant health threat secondhand smoke poses to pets,” MacAllister said．“Secondhand smoke has been associated with oral cancer and lymphoma in cats，lung and nasal cancer in dogs，as well as lung cancer in birds.”
Studies have also shown that dogs living in a smoking household are susceptible to cancers of the nose and sinus area，particularly if they are a long-nosed breed，because their noses have a greater surface area that is exposed to carcinogens and a greater area for them to accumulate．Dogs affected with nasal cancer normally don't survive for more than one year．
“Short and medium-nosed dogs are more susceptible to lung cancer，because their shorter nasal passage aren't as effective at accumulating the inhaled secondhand smoke carcinogens,” MacAllister said．“This results in more carcinogens （致癌物質(zhì)） reaching the lungs.”
Birds are also at risk for lung cancer，as well as pneumonia，because their respiratory systems are hypersensitive to any type of air pollutant．
To help prevent animals from being adversely affected by smoking，pet owners who smoke should have a designated smoking area that is separated from the home or stop smoking altogether，MacAllister said．        
小題1:From the passage，we can see secondhand smoke maybe not harmful to _______．
A．smokersB．non-smokersC．petsD．trees
小題2:What can be suggested according to the passage?
A．Smokers can smoke anywhere.
B．Smokers can smoke at any time.
C．Smokers should smoke in the designated place.
D．Smokers must give up smoking at once.
小題3:What kind of dogs are likely to suffer from nasal cancer?
A．Long-nosed dogsB．Short-nosed dogs
C．Medium-nosed dogsD．Dogs without noses
小題4:The best title of the passage is __________.
A．Secondhand Smoke Causes Cancer in People
B．Secondhand Smoke Causes Cancer in Birds
C．Secondhand Smoke Causes Cancer in Pets
D．Secondhand Smoke Causes Cancer in Cats
小題5:What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “are susceptible to”?
A．a(chǎn)re likely to be harmed by
B．a(chǎn)re hard to be influenced by
C．a(chǎn)re less to be effected by
D．a(chǎn)re lucky to be caught by

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl, while boys will head for the toy cars,  a study has shown. The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological basis to their preferences.
Psychologists Dr Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90 infants aged nine months to 36 months. The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys. Some were stereotypically boys' toys - a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy.  The rest were girls’ toys: a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set. They were placed a meter away from the toys, and could pick whichever toy they liked. Their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded.
Of the youngest children (nine to 14 months), girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did. Among the two-and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it. The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched. There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls, and the children’s choice.
Dr Brenda Todd said: “Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization. Boys may be given ‘toys that go’ while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference. But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys. There could be a biological basis for their choices. Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer moving objects, probably through hunting instincts（本能）, while girls prefer warmer colors such as pink, the color of a newborn baby.”
小題1:Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because         .
A．baby boys are much more active
B．baby girls like bright colors more
C．their parents treat them differently
D．there is a natural difference between them
小題2:What can we infer from Paragraph 3 ?
A．Nine-month-old baby boys don’t play with dolls at all.
B．Two-year-old baby girls sometimes play with cars and balls.
C．The older the babies are, the more obvious their preference is.
D．Parents should teach their babies to share each other’s toys.
小題3:What conclusion did Dr. Brenda Todd draw from the results of the study?
A．Adults purposely influence their babies preference.
B．Babies’ preference isn’t affected by social surroundings.
C．Baby boys preferring to moving toys will be good at hunting.
D．Baby girls preferring warmer colors will be warm-hearted.
小題4:We may read this article in a        section of a newspaper.
A．scienceB．healthC．educationD．entertainment

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I’m a teacher. But there are days, like today, when I wonder why. The results of an English quiz taken by my fifth-graders were depressing. Despite my best efforts, the world of pronouns remains a mystery to them. How I wish there were a way to make the study of our language as exciting as a computer game, so the glazed (目光呆滯) looks would not appear in their eyes at the mention of the word “grammar.” I remember my husband’s words: “Why don’t you quit? You’d probably make more money by doing something else, and you wouldn’t have papers to grade every night.”
Tonight I have a stack of papers to grade, which I promised my students I would return tomorrow. But a friend, whom I haven’t seen in a year, is visiting from Belgium, and I told her I would keep this evening free.
Sitting in traffic behind a distant stoplight, it’s hard not to replay the day. A voice reports the body of a local youngster, missing for weeks, has been identified.
This missing child has had a deep effect on my students. They wondered, “If it happened to her, could it happen to me?”
My children had found the answer themselves. They got out their pencils, markers and made cards. Cards were written with words of compassion and love for a mother and father they didn’t know. Cards were filled with red hearts, golden crosses, flowers and angels. Their cards, intended to comfort others, comforted the children themselves by leading them past the anxiety, back into the world of security (安全) that should be theirs.
And then I remember why I’m still teaching. It’s the children. They’re more important than a lifetime filled with quiet evenings and more valuable than a pocket filled with money. My classroom, a child-filled world of discovery, of kindness and of caring is the real world.
It’s time to call my friend. I have promises to keep. She’ll understand. After all, she’s a teacher.
小題1:The writer wonders why she is a teacher because _____.
A．her students often play games in class
B．teaching is not a well-paid job
C．her students feel bored with grammar
D．she feels frustrated at teaching
小題2: The students’ attitude to the missing child’s parents might be that of _____.
A．doubtB．unconcern C．sympathy D．tolerance
小題3:What is the most important according to the writer?
A．A pocket filled with money.
B．The kind and caring children.
C．A lifetime filled with quiet evenings.
D．The freedom to control her own time.
小題4:What promise will the writer keep?
A．To grade papers that night.B．To help a student with homework.
C．To accept her husband’s advice.D．To meet her old friend.

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊答案