Parents are often amazed at how fast their child grows and develops. New research has determined that the ability to quantify may develop much sooner than most parents realize.
Kristy Vanmarle, professor of the University of Missouri, has determined that contrary to what previous studies have shown, infants（嬰兒）are able to quantify substances（物質(zhì)）—like sand or water—as early as 10 months. As long as the difference between the two substances is large enough, infants will choose the larger amount, especially when it comes to food.
With the assistance of her team researchers, Vanmarle tested the quantifying skills of babies by presenting them with two cups: one containing a small amount of food, and one containing a larger amount. Consistently, the babies chose the larger amount.
“Several studies throughout the last 15 years have shown that infants are very good at telling how many objects they see; however, infants don’t seem to count things like water or sand,” Vanmarle said. “What we’re saying is that they can quantify substances; it’s just much harder. The infants can see how much food goes into each cup and compare that in their memories. They decide which amount is larger, and they almost always select the larger one.”
“This information further refutes（駁斥）the long-held idea that babies know nothing of the world,” Vanmarle said.
“Since psychologists have begun studying infants with sensitive measures, we’ve discovered a lot of early abilities. I think for parents, it should be exciting to know that there’s somebody in there that has some fundamental and basic knowledge of the world, and that knowledge is guiding their development,” Vanmarle said.
In the future, Vanmarle says this kind of study could be linked to a child’s progress in math-related skills, although programs marketed to increase those abilities, such as “Baby Einstein,” still have mixed reviews when it comes to academic study.
小題1: The quantifying ability refers to the ability to     .
A．choose between different substancesB．describe the quantity of something
C．get much knowledge of the worldD．obtain math-related skills
小題2: What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?
A．The process of doing research.B．The final choice of infants.
C．The scientific findings.D．The observation of infants’ behavior.
小題3: Babies choose the larger amount of food     .
A．through their natural abilitiesB．with the help of parents
C．on personal preferenceD．by saying numbers
小題4:We can learn from the text that     .
A．some parents don’t care about their kids
B．scholars disagree on baby-training programs
C．little research has been done on infants
D．people used to think the world is known to babies
小題5:What’s the best title of the text?
A．Unique Quantifying Methods B．Amazing Baby-training Ideas
C．Early Human AbilitiesD．Breakthrough in Baby Studies

小題1:B
小題1:C
小題1:A
小題1:B
小題1:D
新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)嬰兒具有很強的數(shù)量概念他們幾乎總是本能地選擇數(shù)量較多的物體尤其在食物方面這種突破性科學發(fā)現(xiàn)有力地駁斥了長期以來認為嬰兒對世界一無所知的觀點。
小題1:B推理判斷題。由文章內(nèi)容可知嬰兒幾乎總是挑選數(shù)量多的物體由此可推斷這種能力指的是區(qū)分物體數(shù)量的能力。
小題1:C段落大意題。第四段介紹的是耗時15年的幾個研究的科學發(fā)現(xiàn)故選C項。
小題1:A推理判斷題。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到嬰兒具有認知世界的一些基本知識.由此可推斷他們選擇數(shù)量比較多的食物是本能的體現(xiàn)。
小題1:B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段后半部分中的內(nèi)容可知學者們就嬰兒培訓計劃存在分歧。
小題1:D標題概括題。新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)嬰兒具有數(shù)量意識從而駁斥了長期以來認為他們對世界一無所知的觀點顯然是嬰兒研究方面的突破。
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