Howling(吼叫) is a behavior commonly observed among a wolf pack(狼群). As pack animals, wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other. There’re different explanations of a wolf’s howl and it appears that there may be more to discover．
One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together. It’s almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together. Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together. But this theory may be wrong, explains Fred H. Harrington, a professor who studies wolf behavior.
Indeed, there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus(合唱), and the next, quarreling among each other. It appears that usually the lowest-ranking members of the pack may actually be “punished” for joining in the chorus at times. So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm status (地位) among its members? Why do wolves howl for sure?
What is clear, however, is that howling is often used among pack mates to locate each other. Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times. When this happens, howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering.
Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behavior. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occur in the morning, as if wolves were doing some sort of “roll call” where wolves all howl together to report their
小題1:What is the possible similarity between wolves’ howling together and human’s singing in chorus?
A．The act of calling each other．
B．The sense of accomplishment．
C．The act of hunting for something．
D．The sense of belonging to a group．
小題2:Why does Harrington think the “social bond” theory may be wrong?
A．Wolves separate from each other after howling．
B．Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds．
C．Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together．
D．Wolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus．
小題3:Researchers are sure that wolves often howl to______．
A．show their ranks B．find their companions
C．report the missing onesD．express their loneliness
小題4:“Howling… is a contagious behaviour”（in the last paragraph）means_______．
A．howling is a signal for hunting
B．howling is a way of communication
C．howling often occurs in the morning
D．howling spreads from one to another

小題1:D
小題2:C
小題3:B
小題4:D
文章講的是狼群發(fā)出嚎叫的原因，作用和特點(diǎn)。
小題1:判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段It’s almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together. Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together.可知。
小題2:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段and the next, quarreling among each other.可知。
小題3:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。 根據(jù)第四段What is clear, however, is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other可知。
小題4:推理判斷題。根據(jù)Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behavior. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow.可知，當(dāng)一只狼嚎叫的時(shí)候，別的狼也會(huì)跟隨一起嚎叫。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphone, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic (懷舊的)skill. However, while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching, many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful---both in school and in life.
Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it’s important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks---both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to know well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.
Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe(轉(zhuǎn)換) “those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said. Seeing the words in the “mind’s eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot(發(fā)現(xiàn)) spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct then over time.
“In our computer age, some people believe that we don’t have to teach spelling because we have spell checks,” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won’t have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”
小題1:What makes writing by hand a thing of the past?
A．The absence of blackboard in classroom.
B．The use of new technologies in teaching.
C．The lack of practice in handwriting.
D．The popular use of smartphones.
小題2:Berninger’s study published in 2009 ___________.
A．focused on the difference between writing by hand and on a computer.
B．indicated that students prefer to write with a pen and paper.
C．found that good essays are made up of long sentences.
D．discussed the importance of writing speed.
小題3:Which of the following best shows the role of spelling?
A．Spelling improves one’s memory of words.
B．Spelling ability is closely related to writing ability.
C．Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.
D．Spelling slows down finding exact words to express ideas.
小題4:What does “mind’s eye” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Window.B．SoulC．Picture.D．Imagination.
小題5:What conclusion could be drawn from the passage?
A．Computers can help people with their choice of words.
B．Spell checks can take the place of spelling teaching.
C．Handwriting still has a place in today’s classrooms.
D．Functional spelling ability develops fast in the fifth grade.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


For better eyesight, doctors advise limiting the hours of screen time and encourage having enough eye resting time.
However, another study shows that sitting in front of computer or TV screens for long hours is not the only reason for myopia（近視）. An Australian research team studied young children in Sydney and Singapore to find the reasons for myopia.
The research team found that the prevalence（流行）of myopia among children in Sydney was lower than children in Singapore, even though they spent more time in front of computer and TV screens. The major finding is that children in Sydney spend longer hours on outdoor activities than those in Singapore.
Indoor and outdoor sports activities both make the eyes focus on more distant objects, which prevents the eyes from changing shape. But outdoor activities may better help avoid myopia than indoor sports activities.
Jane Gwiazda, who does research in sight problems, says: “Natural light is good for eye growth. And extra vitamin D from the sun might contribute to eye growth.”
Many doctors suggest that every child get its first eye test done when he/she is about two and half years old, and even if his/her sight seems perfect.
It is necessary for myopic children to wear glasses to prevent headaches, trouble reading or injuries. It is also important that schools invite doctors to test their students’ eyes.
If that is not possible, school teachers should at least encourage parents and children to have regular eye examinations and wear glasses. And parents should remember not only to limit the total screen time for their children, but also to encourage them to spend time outdoors.
小題1:What’s the aim of the study by the Australian research team ?
A．To find the reasons for myopia.
B．To find the ways to treat myopia.
C．To prove the bad effects of myopia.
D．To prove the prevalence of myopia.
小題2:Why are there fewer children with myopia in Sydney than in Singapore ?
A．Because Sydney children watch less TV.
B．Because Sydney children have more eye resting time.
C．Because Sydney children use computers less.
D．Because Sydney children do more outdoor sports.
小題3:What conclusion can we draw from the passage ?
A．Sydney children don’t study hard.
B．Singapore children do few exercises.
C．Outdoor activities do more good to eyes.
D．Room light does harm to children’s eyes.
小題4:Which of the following statements is TRUE ?
A．Children should have eye tests as soon as they reach school age.
B．Doing outdoor activities with no glasses is good for myopia children.
C．Focusing on distant objects can help the eyes keep their original shape.
D．Children should limit their time in the sun in order to protect their eyes.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few obvious benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked.
Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup (基因構(gòu)成) as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.
Nearly every successful civilization(文明) has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.
Exploration also allows minerals and other potential (潛在的) resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions(物質(zhì)財(cái)產(chǎn)). Knowledge or techniques have been gained through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by-products (副產(chǎn)品) of technological developments in the space industry!
While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human being to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.
While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive(適應(yīng)的) ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.
小題1:Why does the author mention the questions in Paragraph1?
A．To express his doubts.
B．To compare different ideas.
C．To introduce points for discussion.
D．To describe the conditions on Earth.
小題2:What is the reason for exploring space based on Paragraph2?
A．Humans are nature-born to do so.
B．Humans have the tendency to fight.
C．Humans may find new sources of food.
D．Humans don't like to stay in the same place.
小題3:The underlined word "spin-offs" in Paragraph 4 probably refers to______.
A．survival chancesB．potential resources
C．unexpected benefitsD．physical possessions
小題4:What makes it possible for humans to live on other planets?
A．Our genetic makeup.B．Resources on the earth.
C．The adaptive ability of humans. D．By-products in space exploration.
小題5:What does the writer want to tell us in the passage?
A．Space exploration has created many wonders.
B．Space exploration provided the best value for money.
C．Space exploration can benefit science and technology.
D．The Exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Have you heard of the movie Benji off the Leashf This Benji story7 begins when his mother, a pretty black furry dog, escapes from the puppy mill with Colby, a boy who loves her．He tries to hide her in an abandoned house．The boy' s father discovers her there and takes mother and pups back home to the puppy mill, but leaves Benji behind because he doesn't look purebred （純血統(tǒng)的） enough to be sold for money．Colby comes back later to rescue the tiny puppy and keeps Benji in his wooden clubhouse, bringing Mom to come to visit him in secret．
As Benji grows bigger, it becomes harder to keep him in the clubhouse, and eventually the boy' s father discovers him and Benji is forced to flee to the streets．But despite his fear of Colby' s father, Benji cannot forget about his mother, who is growing steadily weaker and sicker．He continues to sneak back to the puppy mill yard to spy on the goings-on there and plan a way to rescue her．
Benji's doggie pal, Scrappy enters the story when he is pushed out of a car into a country lane．Once his paws hit the ground, Scrappy wags his tail once helplessly after the car as it drives away, and then is immediately up to his neck in hapless mischief （頑皮）. Scrappy is a lovably stupid little dog who barely manages to escape the animal control officers who are determined to catch him．
One of the wonderful things about this movie is that the two stars are not highly trained purebred dogs．Both Benji and Scrappy were rescued mixed breed dogs found at local animal shelters．Adorable Benji and his stupid pal, Scrappy, demonstrate that mixed-breed rescue dogs are just as intelligent and trainable as any purebred dog．
Benji Off the Leash clearly demonstrates the connection between people who abuse animals and people who abuse people．Colby' s father takes out his anger on those who are weaker than him, namely by frightening his wife and the dogs．He attempts to frighten Colby, but the boy bravely refuses to let him．
Children who are used to fast-paced action films with catchy theme songs may not have the patience for the slower pace of this film．But for rescue volunteers, older children, and anyone who loves dogs, this is a heartwarming movie that shows how even in today' s world of deserted dogs and backyard puppy mills, there can still be happy endings for homeless dogs．
小題1:What can be learned from the passage?
A．Two dogs star the movie．
B．The boy' s mother is very disgusting．
C．The movie will be liked by all the children．
D．The movie is fast-paced．
小題2:We can infer from the passage that _____．
A．The movie is in praise of deserting homeless dogs．
B．We shouldn't have mercy on homeless dogs．
C．We human beings need to love animals because they are our friends．
D．mixed-breed rescued dogs are less intelligent and trainable than purebred dogs．
小題3:What' s the passage mainly about?
A．Reviewing a Him．
B．Giving a summary of a movie．
C．Thinking highly of the relationship between animals and humans．
D．Criticizing people deserting animals．
小題4:What' s the purpose of writing the passage?
A．To attract more people to see the movie．
B．To call on children to help homeless pets．
C．To show anger about abusing animals．
D．To urge people to care and love animals．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Homework can put you in a bad mood (心情), and that might actually be a good thing. Researchers from the University of Plymouth in England doubted whether mood might affect the way kids learn. To find out the answer, they did two experiments with children.
The first experiment tested 30 kids. Some shapes (圖片) were hidden inside a different, larger picture. The kids had to find the small shapes while sitting in a room with either cheerful or sad music playing in the background. To test their mood, the scientists asked the kids to point to one of five faces, from happy to sad. Children who listened to cheerful music tended to point to the smiley faces while the others pointed to the unhappy ones. The researchers found that sad kids took at least a second less to find the small shapes. They also found an average of three or four more shapes.
In the second experiment, 61 children watched one of two scenes from a film. One scene was happy, and the other was sad. Just like in the first experiment, kids who saw the sad scene acted better compared to the others.
The researchers guessed that feeling down makes people more likely to focus on a problem or difficult situation. Not all scientists agree with them, however. Other studies argued that maybe, that cheerful music in the first experiment distracted (使分心) kids from finding shapes.
While scientists work on finding out the answers, it still might be wise to choose when to do your tasks according to your mood. After eating a delicious ice cream, for example, write an essay.
小題1:Researchers did experiments on kids in order to find out ______.
A．how they really feel when they are learning
B．whether mood affects their learning ability
C．what methods are easy for kids to learn
D．the relationship between sadness and happiness
小題2:The researchers found in the first experiment that ______.
A．kids who listened to happy music turned out to be energetic
B．kids who listened to sad music liked to choose smiley faces
C．kids worked harder in the background of happy music
D．sad music helped kids find out small shapes quickly
小題3:What can we learn from the text?
A．The researchers will continue to do experiments.
B．The researchers have found a clear answer.
C．The experiments are popular among kids.
D．Kids change their feelings more easily.
小題4:We can infer that the text is ______.   
A．a(chǎn) science surveyB．a(chǎn) research report
C．a(chǎn) school projectD．a(chǎn)n introduction to an experiment

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

完形填空（共小20題；每小題1分，滿分20分）
When I was a boy, every holiday that I had seemed wonderful. My   1  took me by train or by car to a hotel by the   2 . All day, I seem to remember, I   3 on the sands with strange   4 children. We made houses and gardens, and   5  the tide (潮汐) destroy (破壞, 毀壞) them. When the tide went out, we  6  over the rocks and looked down at the fish in the rock-pools.
In those days the   7 seemed to shine always brightly   8  the water was always warm. Sometimes we left the beach and walked in the country,   9  ruined (毀滅的) houses and dark woods and climbing trees. There were  10  in one’s pockets or good places where one could   11  ice-creams. Each day seemed a life-time. 
Although I am now thirty-five years old, my idea of a good   12  is much the same as it was. I   13  like the sun and warm sand and the sound of _14  beating the rocks. I no longer wish to   15 any sand house or sand garden, and I dislike sweets. 16  , I love the sea and often feel sand running through my fingers.
Sometimes I   17  what my ideal (理想的) holiday will be like when I am   18  . All I want to do then, perhaps, will be to lie in bed, reading books about  19  who make houses and gardens with sands, who watch the incoming tide, who make   20   sick on too many ices...
小題1:
A．teacherB．parentsC．nurseD．doctor
小題2:
A．seaB．lakeC．mountain D．forest
小題3:
A．played B．sleptC．satD．stood
小題4:
A．movedB．excitedC．worriedD．nervous
小題5:
A．madeB．broughtC．watchedD．heard
小題6:
A．rolledB．jumpedC．turnedD．climbed
小題7:
A．lightB．sunC．moonD．lamp
小題8:
A．a(chǎn)ndB．yetC．butD．or
小題9:
A．exploring B．examiningC．repairingD．measuring
小題10:
A．sweetsB．sandC．ice-creams D．money
小題11:
A．makeB．sellC．buyD．offer
小題12:
A．houseB．holidayC．gardenD．tide
小題13:
A．hardlyB．a(chǎn)lmostC．stillD．perhaps
小題14:
A．waves B．waterC．handsD．birds
小題15:
A．destroyB．fixC．useD．build
小題16:
A．ButB．HoweverC．OrD．Yet
小題17:
A．wonderB．feelC．understandD．believe
小題18:
A．strongB．weakC．youngD．old
小題19:
A．childrenB．boysC．girlsD．grown-ups
小題20:
A．herselfB．himselfC．itselfD．themselves

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出一個(gè)可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)）。
Children find meanings in their old family tales．
When Stephen Guyer’s three children were growing up, he told them stories about how his grandfather, a banker,   1  all in the 1930s, but did not lose sight of what he valued most. In one of the darkest times   2  his strong-minded grandfather was nearly  3  , he loaded his family into the car and   4   them to see family members in Canada with a   5  , “there are more important things in life than money”.
The   6  took on a new meaning recently when Mr. Guyer downsized to  7   house from a more expensive and comfortable one. He was  8     that his children, a daughter, 15, and twins, 22, would be upset．To his surprise, they weren’t.  9     , their reaction echoed (共鳴) their great-grandfather’s．What they 10   was how warm the people were in the house and how  11    of their heart was accessible.
Many parents are finding that family stories have surprising power to help children
  12   hard times. Storytelling experts say the phenomenon reflects a growing   13    in telling tales, evidenced by a rise in storytelling events and festivals.
A university   14   of 65 families with children aged from 14 to 16 found kids’ ability to 15  parents’ stories was linked to a lower rate of anger and anxiety.
The  16  is telling the stories in a way children can 17   . We’re not talking here about the kind of story that  18  , “ When I was a kid, I walked to school every day uphill both ways, barefoot in the snow.” Instead, we should choose a story suited to the child’s 19 , and make eye contact (接觸) to create “a personal experience”. We don’t have to tell children 20   they should take from the story and what the moral is.
小題1:
A．missedB．lost C．forgotD．ignored
小題2:
A．when B．whileC．howD．why
小題3:
A．friendlessB．worthlessC．pennilessD．homeless
小題4:
A．fetchedB．a(chǎn)llowedC．expectedD．took
小題5:
A．hopeB．promiseC．suggestionD．belief
小題6:
A．taleB．a(chǎn)greementC．a(chǎn)rrangementD．report
小題7:
A．largeB．smallC．newD．grand
小題8:
A．surprisedB．a(chǎn)nnoyedC．disappointedD．worried
小題9:
A．ThereforeB．BesidesC．InsteadD．Otherwise
小題10:
A．talked aboutB．cared aboutC．wrote aboutD．heard about
小題11:
A．much B．manyC．little D．few
小題12:
A．beyondB．overC．behindD．through
小題13:
A．a(chǎn)rgumentB．skillC．interestD．a(chǎn)nxiety
小題14:
A．studyB．designC．committeeD．staff
小題15:
A．provideB．retellC．supportD．refuse
小題16:
A．troubleB．giftC．factD．trick
小題17:
A．performB．writeC．bearD．question
小題18:
A．meansB．endsC．beginsD．proves
小題19:
A．needsB．a(chǎn)ctivitiesC．judgmentsD．habits
小題20:
A．thatB．whatC．whichD．whom

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Sometimes, the simplest ideas are the best．For example, to absorb heat from the sun to heat water, you need large, flat, black surfaces．One way to do that is to build those surfaces specially, on the roofs of buildings．But why go to all that trouble when cities are full of     black surfaces already, in the form of asphalt （柏油） roads?
Ten years ago, this thought came into the mind of Arian de Bondt, a Dutch engineer．He finally persuaded his boss to follow it up．The result is that their building is now heated in winter and cooled in summer by a system that relies on the surface of the road outside．
The heat-collector is a system of connected water pipes．Most of them run from one side of the street to the other, just under the asphalt road．Some, however, dive deep into the ground．
When the street surface gets hot in summer, water pumped through the pipes picks up this heat and takes it underground through one of the diving pipes．At a depth of 100 meters lies a natural aquifer （蓄水層） into which several heat exchangers （交換器） have been built．The hot water from the street runs through these exchangers, warming the ground-water, before returning to the surface through another pipe．The aquifer is thus used as a heat store．
In winter, the working system is changed slightly．Water is pumped through the heat exchangers to pick up the heat stored during summer．This water goes into the building and is used to warm the place up．After performing that task, it is pumped under the asphalt and its remaining heat keeps the road free of snow and ice．
小題1:Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?
A．Arian de Bondt got his idea from his boss．
B．Large, flat, black surfaces need to be built in cities．
C．The Dutch engineer's system has been widely used．
D．Heat can also be collected from asphalt roads．
小題2:For what purpose are the diving pipes used?
A．To absorb heat from the sun．B．To store heat for future use．
C．To turn solar energy into heat energy．D．To carry heat down below the surface．
小題3:From the last paragraph we can learn that ________．
A．some pipes have to be re-arranged in winter
B．the system can do more than warming up the building
C．the exchangers will pick up heat from the street surface
D．less heat may be collected in winter than in summer
小題4:What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?
A．What we shall do if the system goes wrong．
B．What we shall do if there are no asphalt roads．
C．How the system cools the building in summer．
D．How the system collects heat in spring and autumn．

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