Lichens (地衣) are difficult to see. They don’t move. They often mix into the living place. You might not even recognize one if you are looking right at it.
Lichens live on rocks, branches, houses, and even metal street signs. You can find these colorful organisms (微生物) almost everywhere — from deserts to rainforests, and from Antarctica to Africa. They’ve traveled in outer space, and some scientists think there might even be lichens on Mars.
What you probably don’t realize is that a lichen is more than a single thing. It includes two different types of living organisms: a fungus (菌類) and an alga (藻類). Neither of these organisms is a plant, so the lichen isn’t a plant either.
Through photosynthesis (光合作用), the alga gets the sun’s energy to make food for the fungus, which is the place for the alga to live in. However, the alga cannot leave the fungus.
Around the world, scientists have found tens of thousands of types of lichens. Many may not even have been discovered yet. As scientists continue to find new kinds of lichens, they are also working to understand how they are connected to one another. By putting together a lichen family tree, they hope to understand why so many different types of lichens have grown in so many places around the world.
Many researchers are trying to understand basic facts about the organisms and their connections. Researchers are also using lichens to examine the health of the environment.
小題1:What do we know about lichens according to the passage?
A．They will die if they leave Earth.
B．There are more lichens than plants on Earth.
C．They look similar to the environment around them.
D．They are too small to be easily seen by people.
小題2:What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?
A．The way lichens live.
B．The natural environment of lichens.
C．The way lichens work as organisms.
D．The family tree of lichens.
小題3:Which of the following statements is NOT the scientists’ purposes of studying lichens?
A．To understand basic facts about them.
B．To creat a lichen family tree.
C．To understand how lichens are related to each other.
D．To understand why lichens can live in different places.
小題4:We can know from the passage that __________.
A．lichens can be used to better understand the environment
B．lichens don’t have any differences in colors or sizes
C．lichens don’t use photosynthesis like a green plant
D．scientists have discovered every kind of lichen
       
小題1:C
小題1:B
小題1:B
小題1:A
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

完形填空（每小題1分，共20分）
A high school history teacher once told us, “If you make one close friend in school, you will be most fortunate. A   21  friend is someone who stays with you for life”.   22  teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily   23  .
It is possible that we simply do not stay in one place   24  enough for true
friendship to develop. However, there can be   25  disagreement on the need for each of us to think carefully about the kind of friendship we want.
To most of us, friendships are considered very important,   26  we need to
have it clear in our minds the kinds of friendship we want. Are they to be close or   27  at arm’s length? Do we want to   28  ourselves or do we want to walk on the surface? For some people, many friendships on the surface are   29  enough. And that’s all right. But at some   30  we need to make sure that our expectations are the same as our friends’ expectations. The sharing of personal experience including our tears as well as our dark   31  is the surest way to deepen friendships. But it must   32  slowly and carried on only if there are   33  of interest and action in return.
What are some of the   34  of our friendship? The greatest is to   35  too
much too soon. Deep relationships   36  time. Another “major difficulty” is the selfishness to think one “possesses” the other, including his time and attention.   37 , friendships require actions in return. In other words, you must   38  as much as you take. Finally there is a question of taking care of. Unless you spend   39  time together, talking on the phone, writing letters, doing things together, friendships will die   40  .
小題1:
A．usefulB．fair-weather C．school D．true
小題2:
A．Knowledge B．Hardship C．Experience D．Schooling
小題3:
A．formed B．understoodC．realized D．produced
小題4:
A．certain B．long C．patiently D．Fortunately
小題5:
A．some B．a(chǎn)ny C．no D．great
小題6:
A．a(chǎn)ndB．but C．or D．while
小題7:
A．remained B．left C．stayedD．kept
小題8:
A．shareB．deepen C．strengthen D．hide
小題9:
A．lessB．not C．quiteD．very
小題10:
A．degree B．placesC．point D．length
小題11:
A．clothes B．dreamsC．cloudsD．Letters
小題12:
A．be undertaking B．be undertakenC．have been undertaken D．have been undertaking
小題13:
A．signs B．marksC．sciences D．sights
小題14:
A．disadvantagesB．differences C．requirementsD．difficulties
小題15: A. command        B. pull out            Ｃ. expect          D. develop
小題16:
A．waste B．take C．kill D．spend
小題17:
A．SurprisinglyB．Differently C．Strangely D．Similarly
小題18:
A．a(chǎn)ctB．possess C．giveD．walk
小題19:
A．considerate B．reasonableC．wonderful D．comfortable
小題20:
A．a(chǎn)way B．downC．out D．off

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
Just listen
I think  the most basic and powerful way to connect to another person is to listen. Just listen. Perhaps the most important thing we ever give each other is our  16 ，and especially if it’s given from the  17 ．When people are talking，there’s no need to do anything but  18    them．Just take them  19 ．Listen to what they’re saying．Care about it．Most times caring about it is even more important than  20  it．
One of my patients told me that when she  21  to tell her story，people often  22  to tell her that they had once had something just like what happened to her．Her pain became a story about themselves．  23  she stopped talking to most people．It was just too  24 ．We connect through listening．When we interrupt what someone is saying to let them know that we understand，we move the  25  of attention to ourselves．But when we listen，they know we care．
I have ever learned to  26  to someone crying by just listening．in the old days I used to reach for the tissues （紙巾）  27  I realized that passing a person a tissue may be just another way to shut them  28 ，to take them out of their   29  of sadness and pain. Now I just listen．When they have cried all they need to cry, they find me there  30   them．
This  31  thing has not been that easy to learn．It certainly went against everything I had been   32  since I was very young at school．I thought people listened only because they were too  33  to speak or did not know the answer．A loving silence often has far more   34   to connect than the most well-intentioned  35 ．
小題1:
A．introductionB．instructionC．a(chǎn)ttentionD．relaxation
小題2:
A．headB．memoryC．mindD．heart
小題3:
A．talk toB．listen toC．object toD．stick to
小題4:
A．inB．upC．offD．a(chǎn)way
小題5:
A．denyingB．rememberingC．questioningD．understanding
小題6:
A．managedB．triedC．hopedD．expected
小題7:
A．encouragedB．interruptedC．discouragedD．urged
小題8:
A．EventuallyB．Immediately C．CompletelyD．Especially
小題9:
A．impoliteB．meaninglessC．lonelyD．selfish
小題10:
A．middleB．focusC．centerD．choice
小題11:
A．respondB．compareC．linkD．regret
小題12:
A．unlessB．ifC．untilD．when
小題13:
A．downB．a(chǎn)wayC．inD．off
小題14:
A．experimentB．mixtureC．judgmentD．experience
小題15:
A．withB．a(chǎn)gainstC．forD．a(chǎn)mong
小題16:
A．complexB．simpleC．complicatedD．single
小題17:
A．mentionedB．publishedC．taughtD．proved
小題18:
A．shyB．greedyC．a(chǎn)ctiveD．proud
小題19:
A．strengthB．energyC．powerD．force
小題20:
A．gesturesB．praiseC．criticismD．words

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have ever taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority (優(yōu)先) it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities (復(fù)雜性) of spelling.
If spelling becomes the only focal (焦點的) point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That’s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.
I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is terrible.” It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation (動機) to seek improvement.
小題1:Teachers are different in their opinions about _________.
A．the difficulties in teaching spelling
B．the role of spelling in general language development
C．the complexities of the basic writing skills
D．the necessity of teaching spelling
小題2: The underlined expression “play safe” probably means ________.
A．to write carefullyB．to do as teachers say
C．to use dictionaries frequentlyD．to avoid using words one is not sure of
小題3:Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that ____________.
A．students will be able to express their ideas more freely
B．students will have more confidence in writing
C．students will have less trouble in correcting mistakes
D．students will learn to be independent of teachers
小題4:The author seems to think that the teacher’s judgment on that sensitive piece of writing is __________.
A．unfairB．reasonableC．foolishD．careless
小題5:The major point discussed in the passage is ___________.
A．the importance of developing writing skills
B．the complexities of spelling
C．the correct way of marking compositions
D．the relationship between spelling and the content of a composition

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There are new and exciting ways to use the Internet to learn English while you are on - line. The Internet uses a lot of multimedia elements (多媒體原理），like words, sounds, pictures, animations and video. This is perfect for studying a language because you've got to see, hear, and repeat things as much as you like. Learning over the Internet is also funny because you can be a part of conversa­tions happening all around the globe ！ Special Internet sites are designed for people learning English， just like yourself. These sites use multimedia to help you learn and are a great way to meet other peo­ple around the world. This is Cyber English.
On the Internet, English is the major language. As a result, it is now more important than ever to  be able to understand English when you serve the web. It is not always easy，though. The English can be difficult or have a lot of cultural information that you have never seen ！
One site for students studying English and their teachers is Englishtown. At http://www. english- town. com, you will find a community ( group) of people interested in learning English. There are several buildings in the virtual (虛擬的）town where you can play games, chat with friends, ask and get answers about cultural questions, and find an international penfriend who shares your interests. There are extra resources to help you learn，such as multimedia CD - ROM and books for language learning and translation. You can also have daily and monthly English lessons delivered to your own  e - mail address. There is even an on - line school where you can take English classes over Lhe Inter­net. Englishtown is the perfect place to prefect for a trip to England or the United States ！ Would you like to become part of a virtual community(虛擬社區(qū)）of English sfH-aktrs ： Surfing the web is not only funny but can also help improve your English ！ Try out >ome of tlv, web sites listed below and see how students all over the world are learning English on line.
小題1:Cyber English probably means"  ".
A．learning English on Internet
B．teaching yourself English
C．the history of English
D．English broadcast on TV or over the radio
小題2:English on - line interests a lot of people because     .
A．only in this way one can learn the language well
B．people don’ t have to pay
C．the learners can have a face to face study of courses with the teachers
D．it makes learning easier and more interesting
小題3:Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．English is the only useful language on the Internet.
B．The Internet can provide people with the cultural information they need.
C．At http://www. Englishtown. com, people can study and play.
D．One can find a pen-friend on http://www.Englishtown. com.
小題4:The underlined word “ surfing" probably means       .
A．setting upB．going overC．researchingD．inventing
小題5:The omitted (省略）part of the passage might  .
A．show us some of the web sites on which sell books
B．tell us how to use the Internet
C．tell us where to get the CD - ROMS we need
D．show us some of the web sites on which English is taught

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The saying that children don’t like reading any more has been proved untrue. A new study finds that 75 percent of kids between five and 17 say that although they love technology, they still want to read books．
The Kids & Family Reading Report also says that 62 percent of kids prefer reading printed books rather than those on a computer．At the same time, those who search an author’s website or use the Internet to find books by a particular author, are more likely to read books for fun every day．
The study also once again proves that the time kids spend reading books for fun decreases after the age of eight and continues to drop through the teen years．The report is a follow-up to a 2006 study．But this time the focus is on the role of technology and when kids’ interest in reading starts to drop．
“Despite the fact that after the age of eight more children go online daily than read for fun daily, high frequency Internet users are more likely to read books for fun every day,” says Heather Carter, a writer of the report．
One in four kids between five and 17 say they read books for fun every day and more than half of kids say they read books for fun at least two to three times a week．One of the key reasons kids say they don’t read more often is that they have trouble finding books they like - a requirement that parents underestimate(低估)．
The study also finds that parents have a strong influence on kids’ reading, but only about half of all parents begin reading to their kids before their first birthday．The percent of children who are read to every day drops from 38 percent among five-to eight-year-olds to 23 percent among nine-to 11-year-olds - exactly the same time that kids’ daily reading for fun starts to drop．
“Parents’ engagement in their child’s reading from birth all the way through the teen years can have a great influence on how often their children read and how much they enjoy reading,” adds Carter．
小題1:What can we learn from the text?
A．Children don’t like reading any more after the age of 8.
B．Most children like reading as well as going online.
C．All kids like reading e – books instead of printed ones.
D．Most children like going online instead of reading.
小題2:It can be inferred from the passage that        .
A．the study of kids’ reading has been made before
B．most parents begin reading to their kids from their birth
C．a(chǎn)ll kids like to get information using the Internet
D．nowadays all children still like to read books
小題3:Which of the following is true according to the text?
A．The kids who often go online don’t like reading books.
B．Parents should teach their kids reading from an early age.
C．Sometimes it is difficult for kids to get the books they like.
D．When kids get older, parents spend more time with them.
小題4:According to the text,        contributes a lot to children’s interest in reading.
A．the InternetB．parents’ engagement
C．short supply of booksD．new technology
小題5:What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Do kids still like reading?B．Kids’ interest in reading drops
C．New technology on kids’ readingD．Parents’ influence on kids’ reading

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A new study warns that about thirty percent of the world's people may not have enough water by the year 2025.
A private American organization called Population Action International did the new study. It says more than three-hundred-thirty-five-million people lack enough water now. The people live in twenty-eight countries. Most of the countries are in Africa or the Middle East.
P-A-I researcher Robert Engelman says by the year 2025, about three-thousand-million people may lack water. At least 18 more countries are expected to have severe water problems. The demand for water keeps increasing. Yet the amount of water on Earth stays the same.
Mr. Engelman says the population in countries that lack water is growing faster than in other parts of the world. He says population growth in these countries will continue to increase.
The report says lack of water in the future may result in several problems. It may increase health problems. Lack of water often means drinking waters are not safe. Mr. Engelman says there are problems all over the world because of diseases, such as cholera, which are carried in water. Lack of water may also result in more international conflict. Countries may have to compete for water in the future. Some countries now get sixty percent of their fresh water from other countries. This is true of Egypt, the Netherlands, Cambodia, Syria, Sudan, and Iraq. And the report says lack of water would affect the ability of developing to improve their economies. This is because new industries often need a large amount of water when they are beginning.
The Population Action International study gives several solutions to the water problem. One way, it says, is to find ways to use water for more than one purpose. Another way is to teach people to be careful not to waste water. A third way is to use less water of agriculture.
The report also says long-term solutions to the water problem must include controls on population growth. It says countries cannot provide clean water unless they slow population growth by limiting the number of children people have.
小題1:           are expected to have severe water problems by the year 2025.
A．18 countriesB．No countries
C．46 countriesD．28 countries
小題2:All the following are true except            .
A．New industries need a lot of water
B．There are solutions to the water problem
C．Egypt now has enough fresh water
D．Lack of water may cause conflict between countries
小題3:It can be learned that          .
A. The ability of developing has nothing to do with lack of water.
B. . It is not known whether diseases have something to do with lack of water
C. Lack of water may also result from international conflict
D There is connection between providing clean water and slowing population growth
小題4:The best title of the passage would be         .
A．World Water ShortageB．Population and Water
C．World ConflictD．Diseases and Water

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

You’re lost in the world of dreams and sleep. You roll over, smiling as you come across a swimming pool filled with chocolate. And then, your wonderful dream becomes a nightmare when someone is screaming, “Get up!” It’s just what every teenager goes through each morning!
Now, there seems to be one school that finally understands that requiring teens to show up at 9 am is not just cruel but also harmful to both the kids and the school.
The Monkseaton High School in North Tyneside, Britain, recently decided to experiment to see if there is any difference in student behavior if they just pushed back the start of their day by one hour, from 9 am to 10 am. And the results are surprising.
Since carrying out the later start, Monkseaton has seen a 28% drop in truancy, even hardly any lateness, and best of all, higher test scores. One of the reasons is that the teenagers are much happier to have the extra hour of sleep, but there is also a scientific reason behind why they need the extra sleep.
The school’s decision to push back the time was based on the research done by Oxford Professor Russell Foster, who pointed out that teenagers and adults have different sleep cycles, explaining why teenagers go to bed late and wake up late.
While adults are wide awake and ready at 8 am, teenagers are not fully awake until 10 am, sometimes even noon. Teachers may argue that their students perform better in the morning, but in fact, it is because they are in the zone while their students are still sleepy, making the students easier to control. Memory tests prove that the more difficult classes should be in the afternoon when teenagers are most wide awake.
The Monkseaton school officials are encouraged by the results and plan on voting to make it a permanent change.
小題1:What’s the best title of this passage?
A．Get up early, teenagers!
B．Finally, a school understands teenagers.
C．Why do teenagers stay up late?
D．Difference between teens and adults.
小題2:What’s the meaning of the underlined word “truancy”?
A．gradesB．subject sC．a(chǎn)bsenceD．classes
小題3:What can we learn from the passage?
A．Teenagers and adults have the same sleep cycle.
B．Teenagers are fully awake at 10 am.
C．Teenagers are much happier to sleep than study.
D．Teenagers need the extra sleep also for a scientific reason.
小題4:Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．The Monkseaton school is satisfied with the result of experiments.
B．It is cruel for the teenagers to show up at 9 am.
C．The Monkseaton school plans to change the school time forever.
D．Teenagers perform better in the morning than in the afternoon.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Like most big projects, learning to manage your mother well is what you should do. Here are what I believe the best steps towards a better relationship with her. They are not necessarily surprising or revolutionary, but they have worked for many people. Try them.
Remember your mother’s age. As children, we often do not think of our mother as having an age. Even when we become conscious of her as an individual, age does not change our view; she is still our mother. Knowing our mother’s age, not just in numbers of years but in terms of her psychological and physical state, often helps us to understand her better.
Listen to your mother. I have found that sometimes the things my mother told me long ago are remarkably useful. If your mother knows that you respect her point of view, even if you do not share it, it will help her feel close to you.
Remember that your mother has a past. A key step in managing our relationship with our mother is to find out about her early life.In learning about our mother’s past, we know that it can encourage us to think about her whole life.
Ask your mother about your childhood history. My grandparents died when I was young. If you are fortunate enough to have living family, think of your life as a jigsaw puzzle and ask as many questions as you can to put the picture together. Understanding your roots and your childhood can help you know more clearly who you are, as part of a family which you share with your mother.
Remember that managing your mother is really about managing yourself. Taking any measure to managing our mother is the issue of how we manage ourselves. No matter how difficult we find her, it is important to remember that it is not her behavior itself that is causing us discomfort, but the way we feel about her behavior. We should follow the way of her life. At the heart of managing your mother is being able to accept your flawed self. Only then are you able to accept your mother-----with all her failings.
64. 小題1:What does the underlined phrase “a jigsaw puzzle” mean?
A．拼圖玩具B．瀏覽迷宮C．填充字謎D．游戲人生
65. 小題2:Which of the following is implied but not stated in the passage?
A．You will have a better relationship with your mother if you respect her opinion.
B．Knowing your mother’s age is a useful piece of advice.
C．The key measure of managing our mother is how we manage ourselves.
D．It is unreasonable to expect our mother to change totally from the way she was brought up.
66. 小題3:The main purpose of writing the text is _______.
A．to give information about how you think of your mother
B．to improve the relationship with your mother
C．to keep a sense of humor about your mother all day long
D．to accept your mother-----with all her failings

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