Question

Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we “fit”in society．As we go about our everyday lives，we mentally attempt to place people in terms of their statuses．For example，we must judge whether the person in the library is a reader or a librarian，whether the telephone caller is a friend or a salesman，whether the unfamiliar person on our property is a thief or a meter reader，and so on．
The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter，and change throughout life．Most of us can，at very high speed，assume the statuses that various situations require．Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us．This means that we fit our actions to those of other people，based on a constant mental process of appraisal and interpretation．Although some of us find the task more difficult than others．most of us perform it rather effortlessly．
A status has been compared to ready－made clothes．Within certain limits the buyer can choose style and fabric．But an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince．We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society．Further more，our choice is limited to a size that will fit，as well as by our pocketbook．Having made a choice within these limits，we can have certain alterations made，but apart from minor adjustments．We tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks．Statuses too come ready made，and the range of choice among them is limited．
小題1:In the first paragraph the writer tells us that statuses can help us_________．

A．protect ourselves in unfamiliar situations

B．make friends with other people

C．determine whether a person is fit for a certain job

D．behave appropriately in relation to other people

小題2:According to the writer，people often assume different statuses ________．

A．in order to identify themselves with others

B．a(chǎn)s the situation changes

C．in order to better identify others

D．a(chǎn)s their mental processes change

小題3:The underlined word“appraisal”in the 2nd paragraph most likely means_______．

A．judgment

B．a(chǎn)ppreciation

C．involvement

D．presentation

小題4:In the last sentence of the second paragraph，“it”refers to“_________”．

A．identification of other people’s statuses

B．fitting our actions to those of other people appropriately

C．selecting one’s own statuses

D．constant mental process

小題5:By saying that“an American is not free to choose the costume of a Chinese peasant or that of a Hindu prince”，the writer means___________．

A．different people have different styles of clothes

B．ready－made clothes may need alterations

C．our choice of statuses is limited

D．statuses come ready made just like clothes

Answer 1

小題1:D
小題2:B
小題3:A
小題4:B
小題5:C

試題分析：
本文論述了身份在社會(huì)交往中的作用、身份認(rèn)定隨情況不同而變化以及人們的身份選擇所受到的限制。
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable us to get along with one another and to determine where we “fit”in society一句表明：身份或地位有助于人們認(rèn)清相互關(guān)系、確定自己在社會(huì)中的位置，從而采取適合自己身份地位的行為方式。選擇D項(xiàng)。
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段The statuses we assume often vary with the people we encounter，and change throughout life 一句告訴讀者：我們對自己身份的認(rèn)定隨我們面對的人士的不同而變化。故B項(xiàng)正確。
小題3:詞義推斷題。第二段Much of social interaction consists of identifying and selecting among appropriate statuses and allowing other people to assume their statuses in relation to us一段文字說的是，社會(huì)交往過程中，需要識(shí)別和選擇合適身份、并讓他人認(rèn)定他們自己與我們相對應(yīng)的身份。而這是一個(gè)解讀和判斷的過程，我們在該解讀和判斷的基礎(chǔ)上調(diào)整我們自己的行為。故 A項(xiàng)正確。
小題4:細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段最后一句Although some of us find the task more difficult than others．most of us perform it rather effortlessly 中的it指的是從句中的task，也就是上文所說的 “根據(jù)解讀和判斷調(diào)整自己行為”。B項(xiàng)正確。
小題5:最后一段Statuses too come ready made，and the range of choice among them is limited是該段主題句，作者以挑選衣服作比喻，是為了說明我們的身份選擇只能在一定范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行，因而是有限制的。C項(xiàng)正確。