閱讀短文,完成問題。
Happiness and sadness are states of being that define the way we view the world. It is often said that some people by nature have a sunny character. Now scientists may have discovered why.
Some people may be born for happiness, while others are genetically negative, scientists have suggested in a study published late February in a British journal.
Earlier research had already established that the gene known as 5-HTTLPR plays a key role in determining how the neurotransmitter (神經(jīng)傳遞素) serotonin (含于血液中的復(fù)合胺) works within the brain. Serotonin, a hormone (荷爾蒙), passes chemical messages between nerve cells. It has been closely linked to mood. Several anti-depressant (抗抑郁) drugs regulate serotonin levels. Scientists had also identified three variants (變體) of the gene. Two so-called "short" variants were linked to a higher risk of depression and suicide attempts. Unlike the two "short" variants, the "long" variant of 5-HTTLPR showed a clear dislike of negative images, such as fierce animals, and a clear liking for positive ones, such as flowers.
Researchers from the University of Essex in Britain, led by Elaine Fox, showed participants a series of images. The images were divided into three kinds: negative ones aimed at inspiring fear or stress such as a spider or person about to commit suicide, pleasant ones and neutral (中性的) ones. The participants who had the long variant of the 5-HTTLPR gene "showed a clear dislike of negative material alongside a careful attention for positive material," the researchers found. They paid close attention to the pretty pictures, and ignored the frightening ones. On the other hand, the short variant groups had the opposite reaction.
In January, the Australian government organized "happiness workshops", teaching government staff how to be happy. The department that held the "happiness workshops" said unhappy staff weren't productive staff. Australian political opposition parties have argued that the "happiness workshops" are probably a waste of money and couldn't increase productivity as intended. However, whether the workshop will have a happy or disappointing result, we will have to wait and see.
1. For the passage,by what means can we view the world?
A. Happiness and sadness.                                        B. Happiness and curiosity.
C. Sadness and amazement.                                      D. Disappointment and sadness.
2. What is most important in the role of deciding how the the neurotransmitter serotonin works within the brain?
A. The gene known as 5-HTTLPR.                            B. Three variants.
C. Neurotransmitter serotonin       .                                  D. A hormone.
3 Which of the following sentences is WRONG?
A. Serotonin, a hormone within the brain., passes chemical messages between nerve cells, which has been closely linked to mood.                                  
B. Scientists identified the two "short" variants, and the "long" variant of 5-HTTLPR which showed a clear hatred of negative images, such as fierce animals.     
C. Scientists identified three variants of the gene. Two so-called "long" variants were linked to a higher risk of depression and murder attempts.                        
D. In terms of researchers’ research, the images were divided into three kinds: negative ones, pleasant ones and neutral ones.  
4. Why did the Australian government organize “Happiness workshops”?
A. To enrich staff’s free life.                                
B. To teach staff the ways to be happy.
C. To prove the result of the researchers’ research.     
D. To test who weren’t productive staff.
5. What is the result of setting up “Happiness workshops” according to the last paragraph?
A. A waste of money.                                             
B. No effect on increasing productivity.
C. A disappointing result       .                                 
D. An uncertain result.

1、A
2、A
3、C
4、B
5、D

1、從開頭第一句話中就可以得出A為正確選項。
2、從第二段第一句話中可以得出A為正確選項。
3、首先一定要注意,題目的要求是選出“表述是錯誤的一項”;然后從第三段后面部分可以看出,正確的表述是“Two so-called "short" variants were linked to a higher risk of depression and suicide attempts.”所以,C項表述有誤,為正確答案。
4、從“In January, the Australian government organized "happiness workshops", teaching government staff how to be happy.”這句中可以看出,B為此題正確選項。
5、通過各方對此問題持有的不同態(tài)度以及最后一句話,可以看出,一切都要拭目以待。所以D選項正確。
練習(xí)冊系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Recreational pursuits() can be a part of everyday life, 365 days a year in Vancouver. We provide and maintain playgrounds, sports fields, ice rinks, fitness centers, indoor and outdoor pools, beaches, tennis courts, golf courses, skateboard parks and numerous other ways for any and all to participate. Knowledgeable staff work hard to provide leisure() activities suited to people of every age, culture and ability.
Recreation also means our 23 community() centers, serving all ages and supporting awide range of recreational, social and cultural pursuits. Programs include aerobics arts and many more. Community centers are cooperatively operated with people living nearby, making for good partnerships between city government and its residents.
Community
Arts and Culture
Benefits of Recreation
Community Centres
Recreation Programs
Recreation for All
Access Services
Adapted Programs
Childcare
Day Camps
Get out! Youth Initiative
Leisure Access Card program LAC)
Seniors Programs and Services
Youth Activities and Services
Forms and Schedules
Application Forms for Picnics and Events Leisure Guide 2008
Activities
Basketball
Beaches
Fitness Centre
Football Fields
Get up & Go!
Golf/pitch & Putt
Horseshoes Pitches
Ice Rinks
Lacrosse
Lawn Bowling
Picnic Sites
Playgrounds
Playing Fields
Racquet/Squash Courts
Rugby Fields
Swimming Pools
Tennis Courts
Volleyball
Wading Pools & Water/Spray
1. This advertisement is intended for ____.
A. people living in nearby cities   B. 23 community centers
C. residents of Vancouver        D. the government of Vancouver
2. From Leisure Guide 2008, you may probably find information about ____.
A. arts and culture             B. recreation programs
C. plans and timetable of different activities   D. partnerships between city government and its residents
3. You will probably click _____ to help your grandparents find some leisure activities.
A. Seniors Programs and Services   B. Football Fields
C. Rugby Fields                 D. Adapted Programs

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Contribution of Coeducation
Imagining being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society which consisted only of members of own sex. How would you react? Unless there was something definitely wrong with you, you wouldn’t be too happy about it, to say the least. It is all the more surprising therefore that so many parents in the world choose to impose such abnormal conditions on their children – conditions which they themselves wouldn’t put up with for one minute!
Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education. Stuffing children’s heads full of knowledge is far from being foremost among them. One of the chief aims of educations is to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women, so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock.
A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature. Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability, athletic achievement and many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical advantage it is ( to give just a small example ) to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense co-education makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girl or vice-versa. When segregated, boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. Rivalry between the sexes is fostered. In a coeducational school, everything falls into its proper place.
But perhaps the greatest contribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys don’t grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures – airy goddesses, more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale, than human beings. Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes. Years of living together at school dispel illusions of this kind. There are no goddesses with freckles, pigtails, piercing voices and inky fingers. There are no romantic heroes with knobby knees, dirty fingernails and unkempt hair. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up. These can better be overcome in a co-educational environment. Segregated schools sometimes provide the right conditions for sexual deviation. This is hardly possible under a co-educational system. When the time comes for the pupils to leave school, they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.
小題1:What is the best title for this passage?
A only co-education can be in harmony with society.
B people are in great need of co-education.
C any form of education other than co-education is simply unthinkable.
D co-education has many features.
小題2:what does co-education offer to children?
A A society.           B A true small model of society.
C A real life.          D True version of social condition.
小題3:According to the passage, what is one of the chief aims of education?
A It is for students to acquire knowledge.
B It is to equip future citizens with scientific technology.
C It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society.
D It is for students to get academic achievements.
小題4:Why do boys and girls in co-education have no illusion about each other?
A They live together and know each other too well.
B Years of living together at school dismiss such illusion.
C co-education encourage them to have an healthy attitude toward life.
D They are familiar with each other’s problems.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

 I was 13 years old.  My family had moved to Southern California from North Florida a year before.  I hit adolescence with a vengeance.  I was angry and rebellious, with little regard for anything my parents had to say, particularly if it had to do with me. Like so many teenagers, I struggled to escape from anything that didn't agree with my picture of the world.  A "brilliant without need of guidance" kid, I rejected any overt offering of love.  In fact, I got angry at the mention of the word love.
One night, after a particularly difficult day, I _____________, shut the door and got into bed.  As I lay down in the privacy of my bed, my hands slipped under my pillow.  There was an envelope.  I pulled it out and on the envelope it said, "To read when you're alone."
Since I was alone, no one would know whether I read it or not, so I opened it.  It said "Mike, I know life is hard right now, I know you are frustrated and I know we don't do everything right.  I also know that I love you completely and nothing you do or say will ever change that.  I am here for you if you ever need to talk, and if you don't, that's okay.  Just know that no matter where you go or what you do in your life, I will always love you and be proud that you are my son.  I'm here for you and I love you - that will never change.  Love, Mom. 
That was the first of several "To read when you're alone" letters.  They were never mentioned until I was an adult.
Today I travel the world helping people.  I was in Sarasota, Florida, teaching a seminar when, at the end of the day, a lady came up to me and shared the difficulty she was having with her son.  We walked out to the beach, and I told her of my mom's undying love and about the "To read when you're alone" letters.  Several weeks later, I got a card that said she had written her first letter and left it for her son. 
That night as I went to bed, I put my hands under my pillow and remembered the relief I felt every time I got a letter.  In the midst of my turbulent teen years, the letters were the calm assurance that I could be loved in spite of me, not because of me.  Just before I fell asleep I thanked God that my mom knew what I, an angry teenager, needed.  Today when theseas of life get stormy, I know that just under my pillow there is that calm assurance that love - consistent, abiding, unconditional love - changes lives.
1.What’s the best title of the passage?  
2.Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
I reached out my hands for the letter under the pillow that night when I went to bed ,and I always felt relief with the letter under my pillow.
3.Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence.(within ten words) 
4.What do you learn after reading the passage?(within 30 words)
5.Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Special trees that grow faster, fight pollution, produce better wood, and even sense chemical attacks are being planted by scientists in the US.
When 40 per cent of Hawaii's US$14 million-a-year papaya (木瓜)industry was destroyed by a virus five years ago, work began on creating genetically engineered(轉(zhuǎn)基因的) trees.
Researchers successfully introduced seeds that were designed to resist the virus. Since then, more and more people have been testing genetically engineered trees.
Some researchers put special bacteria into trees to help them grow faster and produce better wood. Others are trying to create trees that can clean polluted soil.
Meanwhile fruit farmers are looking for trees that are strong enough to resist worms, and paper companies want trees that produce more wood and therefore more paper.
The Pentagon (五角大樓) even gave the researchers US$500,000 this year after they developed a pine tree that changes its colours if it senses a chemical attack..
So far, the poplar, eucalyptus (楊樹與桉樹), apple and coffee trees are among those being engineered. All this can be done today because we have a better understanding of tree genomes(基因組).
However, some people fear that the genetically engineered trees will cause dangerous results. They are worried that the new trees will breed with natural species and change the balance of the forest environment.
"It could be destructive," said Jim Diamond, an environmentalist. "Trees are what is left of our natural environment and home to many endangered species."
But researchers insist that science could give nature a fighting chance against both natural and man-made dangers.
They hope to answer the critics by stopping the new trees from breeding, so their effect on the environment can be controlled.
小題1:What trees are NOT the ones that scientists are planting in the US?
A.Trees that worms can't hurt.
B.Trees that can protect themselves at a chemical attack.
C.Trees that can resist wind better.
D.Trees that can improve soil conditions.
小題2:What caused the American scientists to work on special trees?
A.They think science could give nature a fighting chance against both natural and man-made dangers.
B.Great numbers of trees have been lost due to attacks by viruses.
C.Researchers successfully introduced seeds designed to resist the virus.
D.Tree genomes are mapped out so scientists know how to improve trees.
小題3:Which of the following was probably the first kind of trees being engineered?
A.Papaya.B.Pine.C.Apple. D.Poplar.
小題4:The best title of the passage is         .
A.The improvement of environment
B.The side-effects of special trees
C.The development of special trees
D.the program of genetically engineered trees

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

A black hole is created when a large star burns out. Like our sun, stars are unbelievably hot furnaces (熔爐) that burn their own matter as fuel. When most of the fuel is used up, the star begins to die.
The death of a star is not a quiet event. First there is a huge explosion. As its outer layer is blasted off into space, the dying star shines as brightly as a billion suns.
After the explosion gravity pulls in what’s left of the star. As the outside of the star sinks toward the center, the star gets smaller and smaller. The material the star is made of becomes tightly packed together. A star is so dense that a teaspoon of matter from it weighs billion of pounds.
The more the star shrinks, the stronger the gravity inside it becomes. Soon the star is very tiny, and the gravity pulling it in is unbelievably strong. In fact, the gravity is so strong that it even pulls light into the star! Since all the light is pulled in, none can go out. The star becomes black when there is no light. Then a black hole is born!
That’s what we know about black holes. What we don’t know is this: What happens inside a black hole after the star has been squeezed into a tiny ball? Does it keep getting smaller and smaller forever? Such a possibility is hard to imagine.
But if the black hole doesn’t keep shrinking, what happens to it? Some scientists think black holes are like doorways to another world. They say that as the star disappears from our universe, it goes into another universe. In other words a black hole in our universe could turn into a “white hole” in a different universe. As the black hole swallows light, the white hole shines brightly—somewhere else. But where? A different place, perhaps, or a different time — many years in the past or future.
Could you travel through a black hole? Right now, no. Nothing we know of could go into a black hole without being crushed. So far the time being, black hole must remain a mystery.
Black holes are a mystery—but that hasn’t stopped scientists from dreaming about them. One scientist suggested that in the future we might make use of the power of black holes. They would supply all of Earth’s energy needs, with plenty to spare. Another scientist wondered if a black hole could some day be used to swallow earthly waste—a sort of huge waste disposal(處理) in the sky!
小題1:When the star begins to die ______.
A.there is no fuel left in itB.its outer layer goes into space first
C.a(chǎn) huge explosion will happenD.it doesn’t give off light any longer
小題2:Which of the following doesn’t help produce a black hole?
A.The gravity inside the star is very strong.B.The light can’t go out of the star.
C.The star becomes smaller and smallerD.The dying star shines very brightly.
小題3:The black hole ______.
A.continues becoming smaller and smaller all the time
B.goes into another universe and becomes a white hole
C.can pull in everything we know of in the world
D.will appear at another place at a different time
小題4:What’s the best title for this passage?
A.A New Scientific Discovery: Black Holes
B.How Do Black Holes Come Into Being?
C.What Are Black Holes?
D.Travel Through A Black Hole

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually was made up of saying poetry aloud and giving speeches.
In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss ques­tions in their field of study with people who had made a spe­cial study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates (應(yīng)試者) for the doctor’s de­gree.
Generally, however, modem examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modem industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, looks like a group of workers at an automobile factory. Certainly, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines.
One type of test is sometimes called an “objective” test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test, the teacher writes a series (一系列)of ques­tions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly.  
4. The main idea of Paragraph Three is that ________.
A. workers now take examinations            B. the population has grown
C. there are only written exams today     D. examinations are now written and timed
5. The kind of exams where students must select answers are
A. objective                                          B. personal  
C. spoken                                             D. written
6. Modem industry must have developed ________.
A. around the 19th century               B. before the Middle Ages
C. in Greece or Rome                  D. machines to take tests
7. It may be concluded that testing ________.
A. should test only opinions                B. should always be written
C. is given only in factories          D. has changed since the Middle Ages

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page. (You may read the questions first.) 
jaguar: n. a type of large, yellow-colored cat with black markings found in the southwestern region of the U. S. and in Central and South America.
jargon: 1. n. speech that doesn’t make sense. 2. n. an unknown language that seems strange or impossible to understand. 3. n. a language made up of two or more other languages: His jargon was a mixture of French and English. 4. n. the special vocabulary of a field or profession: Her report on computers was filled with jargon.
jaunt: 1. n. a trip taken for fun. 2. v. to go on a brief pleasant trip: We jaunted to the country last Saturday.
javelin: 1. n. a spear most commonly used as weapon or in hunting. 2. n. a lightweight metal or wooden spear that is thrown in track-and-field contests. 3. n. the contest in which a javelin is thrown. 4. v. to strike, as with a javelin.
jazz: 1. n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3. n. slang empty talk. 4. ad. of or like jazz: a jazz band, jazz records.
Jennet: n. a small Spanish horse.
小題1:Which meaning of the word javelin is used in the sentence below?
At the competition, Jack drew his arm back and threw the javelin 50 yards.
A.Definition 1B.Definition 2
C.Definition 3D.Definition 4
小題2:Which meaning of the word jargon is used in the sentence below?
Doctors often speak in medical jargon.
A.Definition 1B.Definition 2
C.Definition 3D.Definition 4
小題3:What does the word jazz mean in the following sentence?
Don’t give me that jazz, for I am a practical person.
A.rhythmic beatsB.a(chǎn) type of music
C.a(chǎn) kind of danceD.meaningless talk

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

WASHINGTON—Laura Straub is a very worried woman. Her job is to find families for French teenagers who expect to live with American families in the summer.
It is not easy, even hopeless.
“We have many children left to place—40 out of 75,” said Straub, who works for a Paris-based foreigner-exchange program started 50 years ago. Family life was more than accommodating (提供膳宿). For one thing, more mothers stayed at home. But now, increasing numbers of women work outside the home. Exchange-student programs have struggled in recent years to sign up host (主人) families for the 30 000 teenagers who every year come from abroad to spend a school year in the United States, as well as the thousands more who take part in summer programs.
School systems in many parts of the U.S., unhappy about accepting non-taxpaying students, have also strictly limited the number of exchange students they accepted. At the same time, the idea of hosting foreign students is becoming less exotic.
In search for host families, who usually receive no pay, exchange programs are increasingly broadening their requests to include everyone from young couples to retirees.
“We are open to many different types of families,” said Vickie Weiner, eastern area director for ASSE, a 25-year-old program that sends about 30 000 teenagers on school-year exchange programs worldwide.
For elderly people, exchange students “keep us young—they really do”, said Jen Foster, who is hosting 16-year-old Nina Post from Denmark.
小題1:The underlined word “exotic” means _________.
A.difficultB.wonderfulC.excitingD.a(chǎn)ccommodating
小題2:According to the text, why was it easier for Laura Straub to find American families for foreign students?
A.More mothers wasn’t working outside and was able to afford to look after children .
B.American school systems were better than now.
C.Foreign students paid hosting families a lot of money.
D.The government was happy because it could gain tax.
小題3:Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A.All the families can host foreign students.
B.Only young couples can host foreign students.
C.Only those who were retired can host foreign students.
D.Exchange programs are open to many different types of families including everyone from young couples to retirees.
小題4:Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A.U.S. Struggle to Find host Families
B.Idea of Hosting Students is Different
C.Foreign-exchange Program Is Going on
D.Exchange Students Keep Old People Young

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊答案