Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among Group 1,or top, human carcinogens (致癌物質(zhì)), said the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which is the World Health Organization's (WHO) cancer agency, on Oct 17,2013.
The most widely used system for classifying carcinogens comes from the IARC, which places them into five groups. Group 1 carcinogens definitely cause cancer in humans. Group 2A is probably carcinogenic to humans, Group 2B is possibly carcinogenic, the carcinogenicity of Group 3 in humans is unclassifiable, and Group 4 is probably not carcinogenic to humans. Only a little more than 100 are classified as Group 1 cancer-causing substances, including ultraviolet radiation and tobacco smoke.
“Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,” the lARC's Dana Loomis said in a statement. “The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction: the risk of developing lung cancer is significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution.”
In 2010, lung cancer resulting from air pollution killed 223,000 people worldwide, and there was also convincing evidence that it increases the risk of bladder (膀腕) cancer, according to the IARC.
Air pollution is already known to raise risks for a wide range of illnesses, including respiratory and heart diseases.
Air pollution is global, although the levels of it vary over space and time.
Loomis said people in Asia, eastern North America, some places in Central America and Mexico, as well as North Africa have relatively high exposure. Developing countries with large populations and booming manufacturing sectors, such as China, are particularly at risk.
Many cities in China, such as Beijing, frequently see smog. This week, Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang province, became the first Chinese city to officially suspend classes due to serious smog
Many developed countries face similar problems, although to a lesser degree than most developing nations. In Europe, levels of many pollutants have fallen. But between 91 and 96 percent of Europeans living in cities are exposed to levels of PM2.5—tiny particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers—that are higher than the WHO safety limits, says a report published by the European Environment Agency on Oct 15.
Although both the composition and levels of air pollution can vary dramatically from one location to the other, the 1ARC said its conclusions apply to all regions of the world.
“Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide, this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,” said Christopher Wild, director of the IARC.
小題1:What might be the best title of the passage?
A．Signals of air pollution
B．Safety limits of air pollution
C．Air pollution, cancer risk
D．Air pollution, smog risk
小題2:What’s the main task of IARC?
A．To focus on cancer-causing substances.
B．To evaluate the air quality.
C．To study the developing risk of cancer.
D．To send signals to the international community.
小題3:Why should the international community take action without further delay?
A．The composition and levels of air pollution vary from place to place.
B．More and more people in developing countries are exposed to air pollution.
C．Developed countries face air pollution, the level of which is higher than the safety limits.
D．A large number of people worldwide are exposed to air pollution.

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:D

試題分析：這篇文章講的是空氣污染會造成癌癥的危險(xiǎn)，評估空氣質(zhì)量的IARC的數(shù)據(jù)表明，全世界的人們不同程度的受到空氣污染影響，呼吁國際社會應(yīng)該立刻采取行動(dòng)。
小題1:標(biāo)題確定題：從文章的內(nèi)容和第一段的句子;：Air pollution is a leading cause of cancer and classified among Group 1,or top, human carcinogens可知這篇文章講的是空氣污染會造成癌癥的危險(xiǎn)，選C
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題：從文章第三段的句子：“Our task was to evaluate the air everyone breathes rather than focus on specific air pollutants,”可知IARC的主要目的是評估空氣質(zhì)量，選B
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題：從文章最后一段的句子：“Given the scale of the exposure affecting people worldwide, this report should send a strong signal to the international community to take action without further delay,”可知國際社會應(yīng)該立刻采取行動(dòng)，因?yàn)槿澜绾芏嗳吮┞队诳諝馕廴�。選D
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

"Can I get a light?" This question is among the most common between smokers. What if this question was to come from an unusual source? In April 2014, the National Health Promotion Foundation uploaded an anti-smoking advertisement onto YouTube. The anti-smoking ad has quickly been known as the "most powerful anti-smoking ad."
The anti-smoking video, called the "Smoking Kid," features children walking up to adult smokers asking for a light. The children in the ad are actors but the adults smoking are unsuspecting participants in the project.
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Before going away, the kid hands each adult a booklet after being turned down for a light. The booklet says, "You worry about me, but why not about yourself?" Each adult looks around for the child as their faces are filled with confusion and discomfort.
The video shows that a few of the smokers quickly threw away their cigarettes or put their cigarettes away, showing that this experiment was affective at that moment.
The most influential element in the ad isn't the use of children or the responses from the smoking adults. It comes down to something much simpler than that. Why is it that we worry about other people, forgetting to worry about ourselves?
小題1: According to the text, the anti-smoking ad is ______.
A．unusualB．shockingC．influential D．encouraging
小題2:The underlined word "unsuspecting" (in Para. 2) probably means ______
A．uninformed B．unwillingC．unfortunate D．unacceptable
小題3: What are the adults，reactions to the children asking for a light?
A．They pay no attention to children's request.
B．They reject kids，request and educate them.
C．They look around for children's parents.
D．They quickly throw children's cigarettes away.
小題4:The best title of the text might be ______.
A．Give up smoking, for your own sake B．Keep away from smoking, adults
C．Tell your children not to smokeD．Reject a child asking for a light

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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A．is easy to get along with　　　　　　
B．is unhappy with the life they are living
C．is good at observing and understanding　　
D．is never pleased with her neigbours
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C．She is lonely and friendless.D．She is unhappy and misunderstood.
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A．Why, is it only because they have money?
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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I don't jog any more, and I don't think I ever will. I'm walking two miles three times a week at a fast pace, and that feels good. I bicycle to work when the weather is good. I'm getting exercise, and I'm enjoying it at the same time. I could never say the same for jogging, and I've found a lot of better ways to stay in shape.
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A．people jogged only during the daytime
B．jogging became very popular
C．Alex organized an army of joggers
D．jogging provided a chance to get together
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A．He felt it was worth a try.
B．He was very fond of it.
C．He was strongly against it.
D．He thought it must be painful.
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A．He found it neither healthy nor interesting.
B．He disliked doing ecercise outside.
C．He was afraid of having a heart attack.
D．He was worried about being left alone.
小題4:From the writer's experience, we can conclude that _____.
A．not everyone enjoys jogging
B．he is the only person who hates jogging
C．nothing other than jogging can help people keep fit
D．jogging makes people feel greater than any other sport.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

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小題1:
A．funB．dignity
C．courageD．patience
小題2:
A．socialB．competitive
C．healthyD．responsible
小題3:
A．CoachesB．Parents
C．ExpertsD．Headmasters
小題4:
A．As a resultB．In addition
C．For exampleD．On the contrary
小題5:
A．upB．below
C．a(chǎn)boveD．down
小題6:
A．scoresB．goals
C．spiritsD．dreams
小題7:
A．chewB．spit
C．countD．swallow
小題8:
A．worriedB．happy
C．seriousD．casual
小題9:
A．jokeB．problem
C．contactD．compromise
小題10:
A．dutyB．experience
C．a(chǎn)warenessD．turn
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A．dismissB．unite
C．handleD．a(chǎn)ssess
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A．stand outB．break out
C．work outD．come out
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A．sayB．guidance
C．responseD．reward
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A．protectB．defend
C．excuseD．discourage
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A．a(chǎn)ssistB．motivate
C．pleaseD．blame
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A．wantB．deserve
C．valueD．a(chǎn)ppreciate
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A．wayB．decline
C．goD．rise
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A．offerB．require
C．seekD．preserve
小題19:
A．a(chǎn)cademicsB．sports
C．examsD．competitions
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A new study links heavy air pollution from coal burning to shorter lives in northern China. Researchers estimate that the half-billion people alive there in the 1990s will live an average of 5 years less than their southern counterparts because they breathed dirtier air.
China itself made the comparison possible: for decades, a now-discontinued government policy provided free coal for heating, but only in the colder north. Researchers found significant differences in both particulate pollution of the air and life expectancy in the two regions.
While previous studies have found that pollution affects human health, "the deeper and ultimately more important question is the impact on life expectancy," said one of the researchers, Michael Greenstone, a professor of environmental economics at Massachusetts Institute of 一Technology. "This study provides a unique setting to answer the life expectancy question because the(heating) policy dramatically changes pollution concentrations（含量），，，Greenstone said in an email. "Further, due to the low rates of migration in China in this period, we can know people's exposure over long time periods," he said.
The policy gave free coal for fuel boilers to heat homes and offices to cities north of the Huai Riv饑which divides China into north and south. It was in effect for much of the 1950-198,0 period of central planning, and, though discontinued after 1980, it has left a legacy（遺留） in the north of heavy coal burning, which releases particulate pollutants into the air that can harm human health. Researchers found no other government policies that treated China's north differently from the south.
The researchers collected data for 90 cities, from 1981 to 2000, on the annual daily average concentration of total suspended（懸浮的）particulates. In China, those are considered to be particulates that are 100 micrometers or less in diameter, sent out from sources including power stations, construction sites and vehicles. Among them, PM2.5 is of especially great health concern because it can go deep into the lungs.
The researchers estimated the impact on life expectancies using death data from 1991-2000． They found that in the north, the concentration of particulates was 184 micrograms per cubic meter一or 55 percent higher than in the south, and life expectancies were 5.5 years lower on average across all age ranges.
小題1:The main idea of this passage is that＿·
A．research in China finds air pollution shortened life expectancy
B．the government provided free coal for heating in North China
C．coal burning causes bad air quality across China
D．a(chǎn) new study finds different particulates in South China
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A．power stationsB．construction sites
C．the free heating policyD．gases from vehicles
小題3:It is implied in the passage that＿·
A．coal is no longer used for heating in North China
B．a(chǎn)ir quality was comparatively better in South China
C．southerners burned coals for heating in the 1980s
D．people preferred to live in South China after 1980
小題4:The underlined word "particulates" most probably means＿．
A．dirty cloudsB．particular smoke
C．harmful dustD．dangerous bacteria

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Is crying good therapy? Experts say yes. Having a good weep at the weekend is becoming more popular among office workers in China.
“I need to cry to let my feeling out,” said 22-year-old Guo Meng, a smart-looking young woman. “I remember one day when I got home I felt so down but I had no one to talk to, so I just curled up(蜷縮) with my teddy bear and cried myself to sleep,” Guo said. The next day, she said, she felt much better and life seemed not so bad after all.
Because crying is taken as a sign of weakness, people make a great show of being strong and not displaying emotion. Psychologists and medical practitioners agree that crying is beneficial for mental health but people still regard it as a sign of failure and bottle up their feelings. A famous Chinese author once said to cry is normal, and even brave. Those who display their emotions can deal with their troubles bravely after the tears dry, while those who soldier on let problems fester（惡化）.
In the Chaoyang district of Beijing, there is a special place for people to cry their sadness out. It is called “Cry Bar”. On the door of each of its “cry rooms” there is a saying encouraging people to let the tears flow freely.
“Crying is a kind of therapy, but it needs some direction,” said Milulu, a psychologist.
“People should realize the point of crying is to relieve pressure, but some of the young people who come to the Cry Bar simply sit and weep. The purpose of crying is to make it easier to improve your life after the tears dry, not to get lost in bad memories.”
Crying is only one way of relieving pressure, and we need to face problems squarely and solve them once the tears have dried, said Mululu.
小題1:Crying _____ made Guo Meng feel better.
A．with some friendB．a(chǎn)ll the night with a toy
C．during her sleepD．in bed before sleep
小題2:According to the third paragraph, people usually make great efforts to_____.
A．get rid of their sadnessB．bottle up their feelings
C．a(chǎn)ct on psychologists’ adviceD．face their troubles bravely
小題3:What should the customers do at the Cry Bar?
A．Think of every sad experience they’ve had and cry
B．Keep crying as loudly as long as possible.
C．Satisfy any desire to cry and weep until it is gone.
D．Hold back their tears until they can’t help but cry.
小題4:From the text, we can learn that crying ____.
A．is to relieve pressureB．must help to solve problems
C．means facing problems squarelyD．can’t weaken sad feelings.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

You might think I'd have little in common with a camel, but we do share one useful skill: both of us can go for a very long time without water. Usually I start my day with a cup of tea, and then I might have a glass of water with my lunch and one with dinner, that's about a liter of liquid in 24 hours. It feels like plenty, but apparently it's not nearly enough.
After years of suffering headaches and poor digestion I spoke to a neurologist about my regular headaches and a nutritionist about my poor digestion, and both told me I should be drinking up to three liters of liquid a day for my body to function at its best. I decided to conduct an experiment. What would happen if I drank the recommended amount every day for a month?
The photograph of me taken the day I started this trial demonstrates(展示）perfectly and rather frighteningly what a lack of hydration does to a face. I am 42, but have to admit I look more like 52 in this picture, which is shocking. There are dark shadows under and around my eyes, which make me look exhausted, a profusion of wrinkles and strange reddish blotches, and my skin lacks any luster（光澤）. It looks dead. Even my lips look shriveled（枯萎的）. This is all classic evidence of poor hydration, apparently.
Every system and function in our body depends on water. It flushes toxins from the vital organs, carries nutrients to cells, provides a moist environment for ear, nose and throat tissues, and eliminates waste.
Not drinking enough means all these functions becomes damaged. So I decided to see how I would look and feel if I drank three liters of water every day for 28 days. The results were astonishing.
小題1:Which statement is Not True according to Paragraph 1?
A．The author drinks about a liter of liquid every day.
B．The author has something in common with a camel.
C．The author thinks she drinks enough water every day.
D．The author actually has plenty of water in her daily life.
小題2:Why did the author decide to drink the recommended amount of water?
A．Because she was very fond of doing experiments.
B．Because she was informed of the importance of drinking enough water.
C．Because her doctors forced her to do it.
D．Because she wanted to be cured of her stomachache.
小題3:The author’s lack of hydration caused the following physical responses Except_______.
A．shriveled lips
B．enough luster of her skin
C．dark shadows around her eyes
D．wrinkles and blotches on her face
小題4:According to the passage, the author most probably tends to tell us_________.
A．the more water one drinks, the healthier he is
B．drinking water makes ladies look younger
C．drinking enough water is key to one’s health
D．it’s necessary to follow specialists instructions
小題5:What will be probably written in the next paragraph?
A．The author gave up the experiment.
B．The author had his health greatly improved.
C．The author suffered a lot from the experiment.
D．The author felt very disappointed at the result.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

You may have heard about the many benefits of yoga, but a recent New York Times story, has stirred up more than a little controversy in the yoga community.
"How Yoga Can Wreck Your Body," by science writer William J. Broad, quotes a long-time yoga teacher who "...has come to believe that 'the vast majority of people' should give up yoga altogether. It's simply too likely to cause harm." He goes on to describe a number of cases where people have been injured doing yoga, including himself.
The research in the article isn't groundbreaking: doing any form of exercise you could potentially hurt yourself. If you look at the injury rates of other physical activities, the number of injuries sustained from yoga would pale in comparison.
Practicing yoga is just like anything in life: You have to push yourself in order to grow. But you also have to know your limits and when you're breaking them. If you stick to your comfort zone, you'll never be able to increase your flexibility. If you push to the point where you're not only uncomfortable, but in real pain, you'll likely injure yourself.
The reasons that yoga causes "serious injury”, according to the Times story, range from students' physical weaknesses to inexperienced teachers pushing too hard to the growing number of inflexible "urbanites who sit in chairs all day" trying hard to twist themselves into difficult postures.
Yoga is called a "practice" for a reason. You don't have to be perfect. You don't have to tackle every pose. It doesn't matter if you can touch the floor with your palms during your first forward bend or your thousandth, or if you never get there.
We go to the mat to learn to better listen to what our bodies are telling us, and to better hear that quiet inner voice drowned out by the noise of our busy lives. It's a shame to discourage the majority of people from practicing yoga and missing out on all of the mind-body benefits that going to the mat has to offer.
小題1:The underlined word is best replaced by __.
A．InjureB．BenefitC．PushD．Shape
小題2:What does author mainly want to tell us in the 3rd paragraph?
A．All physical activities are equally harmful.
B．Yoga causes much less injuries than other physical activities.
C．Similar researches have been done before.
D．Yoga, like any other form of exercise, can hurt people.
小題3:Which is not mentioned among the reasons for yoga being likely to cause injury?
A．Teachers lack the knowledge of students’ limits.
B．Modern lifestyle decreases our flexibility.
C．The body doesn’t tell when you are in real pain.
D．Students themselves might not be in good physical condition.
小題4:What is the author’s attitude towards practicing yoga?
A．It’s a shame not to practice yoga.
B．One should push the limits in order to be perfect.
C．The majority should give up yoga for it may cause harm.
D．One should enjoy the physical and mental benefit that yoga brings.

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