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(The Guardian)More UK universities should be profiting from ideas
　　A repeated criticism of the UK's university sector is its noticeable weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.
　　Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured, despite an annual £40m spent by the Department of Health on all kinds of research.
　　However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity.
　　When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions (interference) of the past decade have helped transformed the performances of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK's position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.
　　This type of uneven distribution is not strange to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities are receiving 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialization work creates differences between universities.
　　The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximize the impact of their research efforts. Their purpose is not to generate funds to add to the bottom line of the university or to substitute other income streams. Rather, these universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise (expert knowledge or skill) in order to build greater confidence in the sector.
　　Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialization spilling out of our universities. On the evidence presented in my report, there are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialization work.
　　If there was a greater coordination（協(xié)調）of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous (happening at the same time) investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.
小題1:What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization?
A．They have lost their leading position in many ways.
B．They still have a place among the world leaders.
C．They do not regard it as their responsibility.
D．They fail to change knowledge into money.
小題2:What does the author say about the national data on UK universities’ performance in
commercialization?
A．It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy.
B．It indicates their ineffective use of government resources.
C．It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way.
D．It does not reflect the differences among universities.
小題3:We can infer from Paragraph 5 that “policy interventions (in Paragraph 4)” refers to _____.
A．concentration of resources in a limited number of universities
B．compulsory cooperation between universities and industries
C．government aid to non-research-oriented universities
D．fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutions
小題4:What dose the author suggest research-led universities do?
A．Fully use their research to benefit all sectors of society.
B．Generously share their facilities with those short of funds.
C．Advertise their research to win international recognition.
D．Spread their influence among top research institutions.

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:A
小題4:A

試題分析：本文介紹的是更多的英國大學應憑創(chuàng)意(科研成果轉化成產品)獲利。
小題1:B推理判斷題。該題問的是作者對英國大學在商業(yè)化方面的看法。首段提出人們對英國大學由知識向產品服務轉化過程方面的批評，第二段整體用調查數(shù)據證明首段對英國的大學的負面觀點，提出英國大學在干細胞研究領域將會失去世界領先地位。但這些都并非作者觀點，同時在第三段短首出現(xiàn)轉折，然后引入作者方面的觀點�？芍髡哂^點與首二段相反，他并不認為英國失去世界領先地位。第三段末句更提出英國大學在許多商業(yè)活動方面仍領先全球�？芍髡哒J為英國大學仍大體領先世界，總體持正面肯定態(tài)度。
小題2:D 推理判斷題。該題問的是作者對英國大學商業(yè)化表現(xiàn)的國家統(tǒng)計數(shù)據的看法。由national data可定位至第四段轉折后，“But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities.”提到數(shù)據掩蓋了單個大學之間表現(xiàn)的差距。masks(掩蓋)同義改寫為does not reflect，variation同義改寫為differences。
小題3:A詞義猜測題。僅從字面意思“政策干預”還不足以選出答案，需要結合上下文。該短語所在的第四段提到這種“政策干預”促進了英國大學整體表現(xiàn)的提高。但之后轉折指出，英國大學個體之間存在較大差異。第五段首更是將第四段強調的現(xiàn)象總結為“分配不平均”(uneven distribution)。由此可知這種“政策干預”指的應是政府對一部分大學的偏向性支持，而對更多的大學則支持不夠，造成資源分配不均。對應A選項“資源集中在少數(shù)大學手中”。
小題4:A 該題問的是作者對研究先導型大學的建議。由research-led universities可定位至全文第六段。
該段中部用rather轉折引出作者覺得這些大學應該(should)產生最廣的社會、經濟與環(huán)境等各方面效益(widest range)，應該分享他們的專業(yè)技術資源，讓整個領域(build greater confidence in the sector)都構筑起信心，此即為建議。對應A選項，僅有A選項說“充分利用它們的研究成果使各行各業(yè)收益”。B項提到的與缺乏資金的學校分享設施、C項提到的擴大國際影響與D項提到的擴大在頂級研究機構中的影響范圍均太窄。
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A．catchingB．appealingC．drawingD．covering
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A．majorsB．interestsC．preferencesD．standards
小題9:
A．attachB．adaptC．approachD．relate
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小題11:
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A．clevererB．smarterC．brighterD．wiser
小題19:
A．struggltB．measureC．manageD．earn
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A．crimeB．povertyC．conflictD．population
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A．contributingB．respondingC．turningD．owing
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A．doubtB．defineC．advocateD．ignore
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A．sufferedB．profitedC．learnedD．withdrawn
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A．consumeB．deliverC．exportD．advertise
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A．troubleB．businessC．powerD．mind
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

At a psychology conference in England years ago, a woman said to me: “I’ll knock you up in the morning.” I was taken aback by her strange suggestion, but it occurred to me that I might not have understood what she really meant. As it turned out, what she had meant was, “I’ll knock on your door in the morning so that we can meet for breakfast to discuss the panel we’re on.”
This example of the difference in the meaning of “knock you up” in British and American English shows the complicated situations that can result from cultural misunderstandings. A cultural misunderstanding occurs when something — a word, gesture, object, social context, or almost anything you can think of — has a different meaning in two cultures. Sometimes the misunderstandings get resolved, sometimes they lead nowhere, and sometimes they can become the starting point of something much more extreme, from love to war.
Race is one area where cultural misunderstandings are common. We Americans tend to assume that racial categories are biological rather than social, so it may not occur to us that people from other cultures have a different set of racial concepts and classify themselves and us differently. Some African Americans complain that certain immigrants from other countries, such as Haiti or Jamaica, “act as if they aren’t black.” The cultural misunderstanding is that, in the immigrants’ countries of origin, they would never describe themselves as “black”. This doesn’t mean that they think they are white. It just means that their cultures have more categories, like marabou or grimaud in Haiti, or fair or brown in Jamaica, than are used in the United States. Meanwhile, white people in America, unaware of this cultural diversity, sometimes refer to all darker-skinned people as “black” without realizing that an issue exists.
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小題1:The main purpose of the first paragraph is to       .
A．show that language misunderstandings would cause big problems
B．show the differences between British and American English
C．explain in general what cultural misunderstandings are
D．introduce the idea of cultural misunderstandings with a story
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A．complicatedB．settled C．acceptedD．noticed
小題3:We can learn from the passage that cultural misunderstandings      .
A．mostly come from body language
B．are the most serious social problem in the US
C．can cause negative feelings among people
D．can be cleared up with laughter
小題4:What is the author’s opinion about cultural misunderstandings?
A．There’s no need to notice racial differences.
B．Haitians prefer to be described as fair or brown.
C．Cultural misunderstandings based on racial categories may be difficult to spot.
D．Americans are especially likely to misunderstand people from other cultures.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Online clothes shoppers will be told exactly what size is best. for them using new software which combines with their web camera or smart phone to form a“3D tape measure”.
Scientists from Surrey University and design experts from the London College of Fashion are developing a program which can take precise (精確的) waist, hip, chest and other measurements from camera images.
Using the person’s height as a starting point，the software will be able to build up a 3D image and estimate their size at various different points on the body, based on their overall proportions.
The result will be a more accurate sizing guide than previous systems based on waist size or a “small／medium／large”scale, which rely on limited measurements and the buyer’s perception of their own body size.
Shoppers and retailers(零售商)who choose to sign up for the project could save millions of pounds a year in postage costs by removing the need to order multiple sizes of the same garment(服裝) and send back ill-fitting clothes, researchers claimed.
The project, sponsored by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC), is expected to be brought to market within two years.
After choosing an item, the shopper will activate the software, enter their height, stand in front of their webcam or smart phone in their underwear and take a photograph.
The software will not store or transmit the image to the internet, but will use it to judge the person’s dimensions at various points on their body.
Philip Delamore of the London College of Fashion said：“The potential benefits for the fashion industry and for shoppers are huge. Currently, it’s common for online shoppers to order two or three different sizes of the same item of clothing at the same time, as they’re unsure which one will fit best.”
小題1:What is the essential part of a 3D tape measure?
A．a software B．a webcam
C．a microphone D．a smart phone
小題2:What can we learn about the 3D tape measure?
A．It will store or transmit the image to the internet.
B．It is based on the buyer’s perception of their size.
C．It will be a co-working production.
D．It uses a person’s weight as a starting point.
小題3:Compared with the traditional sizing system, a 3D tape measure is_______.
A．quicker B．more precise
C．more beautiful D．more vivid
小題4:How can the 3D tape measure benefit online shoppers?
A．Online shoppers will get their ordered garment in time.
B．Online shoppers will get their ordered garment more quickly.
C．Online shoppers will get an ordered garment of high quality.
D．Online shoppers will get an ordered garment to their measure.
小題5:What is the right order for a shopper to form a 3D tape measure?
①to take a photo with a webcam
②to activate the software
③to enter his／her height
④to judge his size by analyzing his image
A．①②③④B．②①③④C．②③①④D．②③④①

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