First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. It may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, a clear airway, and breathing. In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim’s condition from turning worse and provide relief from pain. First aid must be done as quickly as possible. In the case of the seriously injured, a few minutes can make the difference between complete recovery and loss of life.
First-aid measures depend upon a victim’s needs and the provider’s level of knowledge and skill. Knowing what not to do in an emergency is as important as knowing what to do. Improperly moving a person with a neck injury, for example, can lead to permanent spinal(脊柱)injury and paralysis(癱瘓).
Despite the variety of injuries possible, several principles of first aid apply to all emergencies. The first step is to call for professional medical help. The victim, if conscious, should be reassured that medical aid has been requested, and asked for permission to provide any first aid. Next, assess the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and pre-existing conditions such as diabetes(糖尿病)or heart trouble. The victim should be checked for a medical card that describes special medical conditions. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim.
First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. One method for evaluating a victim’s condition is known by the acronym(首字母縮寫詞)ABC, which stands for:
A---Airway: is it open and clear?
B---Breathing: is the person breathing? Look, listen, and feel for breathing.
C---Circulation: is there a pulse? Is the person bleeding extremely? Check skin color and temperature for additional indications of circulation problems.
小題1: First aid may bring about all the following results EXCEPT____.
A．saving a victim’s life
B．preventing a victim’s condition from getting worse.
C．relieving a victim from pain
D．helping a person avoid sudden illness or injury
小題2: Before we administer first aid to a victim, it is very important for us ____.
A．to make sure what to do and what not to do
B．to refer to all kinds of handbooks on first aid
C．to remove the ring or bracelet he/she may be wearing
D．to take him/her to a hospital at once
小題3:In administering first aid to a victim, you should first of all ____.
A．remove him from the accident sceneB．turn him over
C．call for professional medical helpD．examine him carefully
小題4:The purpose of the passage is to tell the reader _____.
A．the importance of protecting the accident scene
B．some basic facts about first aid
C．what professional medical help is
D．who can offer first aid

小題1:D
小題1:A
小題1:C
小題1:B
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Speaking in his first National Day Rally speech on 15 August, Prime Minister Lee Hsien said Singapore’s education system was set for more reforms in the years ahead, particularly for the primary and secondary education．Read the summary of his thoughts on education below．
For a start, the Government is prepared to send and additional 3,000 teachers to Singapore schools, cut the courses of study even further and change the way the mother tongue, especially Chinese, is taught．But, for the changes to be successful, parents need to help．
Singapore has a devoted group of teachers and principals and quite a few of them are outstanding, but the Republic’s schools can be even better．To help the schools make a jump in quality, the Government plans that within the next 6 years, it will send 1,000 more teachers to primary schools, 1,400 to secondary schools and 550 more to junior colleges．Each school would decide how to use its extra teachers．Some may want to make classes smaller so students get more individual attentions while others may have new teachers assist more senior teachers, but the overall goal is to give teachers the time and space to come up with ways to bring out the best in their students．
More teachers must not mean more homework, however．In fact, the Prime Minister wants to see the courses cut down so that there is less pressure on the students．Good grades are important but they should not be the only goal students have．PM Lee is convinced that “we must teach less so that our children can learn more．”
Another change will be in the teaching of the mother tongue so that students can become more fluent．The key is to teach Chinese as a living language not just an academic subject like Latin．Therefore, the focus should be on speaking and reading the language．To do this, there must be an environment outside the classroom that is contributing to strengthening the Chinese lessons．
小題1:The text is mainly about         in Singapore．
A．the education reformB．a(chǎn)dding more teachers
C．the mother tongueD．ways of teaching
小題2:The general goal of using extra teachers is to          ．
A．make classes smallerB．a(chǎn)ssist more senior teachers
C．teach moreD．help teachers improve teaching quality
小題3:PM Lee holds that the students should         ．
A．do more homework B．give up higher grades
C．study more coursesD．be given more time to learn more
小題4:The key to teaching Chinese well is to          ．
A．make it academicB．have a creative environment
C．give more Chinese lessonsD．encourage speaking and reading a lot

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Scientists have found what look like caves on Mars, and say they could be protecting life from the planet’s terrible environment.
The first caves appear as seven mysterious black dots （點） on the pictures which were sent back by NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter. Each as large as a football field, they may be openings into natural caves below the Martian surface.
“If there is life on Mars, there is a good chance that you’d find it in caves,” said Jut Wynne, one of the researchers who noticed the features (特征) while working on a US Geological Survey Mars Cave Detection Program.
Jonathan Clarke, a geologist with the Mars Society of Australia, yesterday described the discovery as exciting.
One photo taken at night by an infrared imager(紅外線成像器) showed one hole to be unusually warm, suggesting hot air may be flowing out.
“I said: ‘Wow, that’s a cave’” Dr. Clarke said excitedly. “People have been looking for these for a long time; now we have found them.”
He agreed such caves could be perfect places to search for life escaping from the bitterly cold, radiation-soaked(充滿輻射的), dry surface.
“Tiny drops of water could collect inside,” he said. “If there are gases coming out, they could provide energy for a whole range of bacteria (細(xì)菌). A cave is also a protection from radiation; the surface of Mars is exposed to high levels of space radiation.”
The caves probably formed when tube-shaped lava flows(管狀巖漿流) spread across the planet long ago. The outside of the tubes cooled, forming solid walls, while something hotter inside allowed the remaining to flow out, forming caves.
小題1: What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．How the caves were formed on Mars.
B．How NASA sent the pictures back to earth
C．Caves on Mars may be full of hot air or a sign（跡象）of life.
D．Scientists have completely recognized the surface of Mars.
小題2: We can learn from the passage that __________.
A．water has already been found on Mars
B．the scientists found all the caves at night
C．it is certain that there is life in these caves
D．the surface of Mars is bitterly cold, radiation-soaked and dry
小題3: According to the passage, Dr. Clarke was so excited because ________.
A．such caves could provide energy for life
B．they had finally found the caves on Mars
C．such caves would be perfect places to search for life
D．There would be life on Mars.
小題4: Necessary conditions for life on Mars mentioned in the passage may include_________.
A．lava and energyB．water and radiation from space
C．gases and lavaD．water and protection from radiation
小題5: what does the underlined word “ the planet” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．the MarsB．the earthC．the cavesD．radiation

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Should parents ever hit their children?
Research suggests many of us are likely to respond “no”, and public support for spanking (打屁股) has been falling over the years. But surveys also show that 75 percent to nearly 90 percent of parents admit spanking their child at least once.
I was raised in a zero-tolerance( 零容忍) home for disrespect, and my parents often turned to physical punishment. And, no, I don’t feel I was damaged by it.
Nothing is more annoying than watching ill-mannered behavior from children.
But there is data to suggest that a return to old-school spanking isn’t the answer.
Two years ago , Newsweek reported that it had found data suggesting that teens whose parents used physical punishment were more likely to become aggressive(好斗的).
Murray Straus, professor at the University of New Hampshire in America, has studied the topic of children and spanking for decades. He said that children who were physically punished have lower IQs than their peers. It may be that children with lower IQs were more likely to get spanked, but the punishment may have been counterproductive (反作用) to their mental development, as well.
Some researchers make the argument that occasional open-handed smacks (用巴掌打) on the bottom are not only harmless but can have some benefit.
Last year, Marjorie Gunnoe, a psychologist at Calvin College, studied teens who have never been spanked. There are a greater number of children growing up without ever having been physically punished. Gunnoe’s research suggests they don’t turn out any better than those who were sometimes spanked.
There are some parents who simply cannot control their tempers. But I still believe that the best parents are the ones who are able to offer fair and firm discipline (管教) without ever turning to physical punishment.
小題1: What can we know from the research in the second paragraph?
A．Many of the parents made no response to the survey.
B．More and more people support spanking in public.
C．Most parents have the experience of spanking their children.
D．Many of the parents think they should hit their children.
小題2: According to Marjorie Gunnoe’s research, ________ .
A．the children who have never been spanked do better than those who were sometimes spanked
B．instead of harmless, spanking can have a little benefit
C．spanking has little effect on the children’s future performance
D．the teens who were often spanked are more likely to be aggressive
小題3: In the author’s opinion, the best parents are the ones ______.
A．who often use physical punishmentB．who never use physical punishment
C．who use physical punishment properlyD．who take physical punishment as useful tool
小題4:Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A．The author’s parents were strict with him when he was young.
B．The author thinks his parents’ spanking did no harm to him.
C．Murray Straus thinks spanking has nothing to do with children’s IQs.
D．Some parents spank their children because they can’t control their tempers.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Researches show what we already suspected: Three out of four babies who died of SIDS(嬰兒猝死) involved co-sleeping. We’ll say it again. The safest course is not to sleep with babies.
We know the argument: Bad parenting, not co-sleeping, is to blame for the dozens of babies’ deaths. Some parents stick to co-sleeping because it helps them bond with their newborns. They say those who give co-sleeping a bad name either had been drinking, used drugs or were too tired to notice that they rolled over on their children.
But, most of the cases did not involve drugs or alcohol. There’s a “but” here, however. Submitting to a test for drugs or alcohol in these cases is voluntary, so it’s difficult to know with certainty.
Organizations like the Black Health Coalition and others have explained the safe way to co-sleep. While we understand those arguments, we also know that mistakes can happen and that it only takes one time for something to go terribly wrong. The risk outweighs the benefit.
In all likelihood, parents will continue to co-sleep, and some will do so without ever having an incident, but babies are too vulnerable(易受傷的) for parents to take such chances. Therefore, the best place for babies to sleep is in their own beds, on their backs, with no pillows, blankets or toys. No parent wants a tragedy(悲劇) to occur. The best way to make sure the tragedy doesn’t happen is to allow babies to sleep alone in their own cribs(搖籃).                                         
小題1:According to the author, most of the SIDS cases happened because of ________.
A．drugs
B．co-sleeping
C．drinking
D．bad parenting
小題2:Some parents think sleeping with their babies can ________.
A．keep the babies healthy
B．give co-sleeping a good name
C．prevent themselves from drinking
D．develop a good relation with their babies
小題3:The author holds the opinion that ________.
A．parents can sleep with babies, but cautiously
B．co-sleep helps to bring babies closer to parents
C．parents can’t take chances to sleep with their babies
D．a(chǎn)ccidents only happen to those careless parents
小題4:Which of the following best describes the structure of the text?
A．①B．①②C．①D．①
↙↘                                   ↓                  ↙↓↘              ↙↓↓↘
②③④                  ③④                 ②③④           ②③④⑤
↘↙                                  ↓                  ↘↓↙
⑤                            ⑤                  ⑤

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Every year mobile phones develop. Imagining what they will look like and be able to do in 2020 is really a challenge. To help, experts have outlined three major mobile trends that they believe will have become reality by then.
Our phones will be so smart in 10 years’ time that they’ll know everything about our situation and warn us when something needs our attention. This is the top prediction of both Nokia and Google. They predict that our cars and home appliances will be able to communicate with our mobile. For example, fridges will tell your mobile to tell you to pick up milk on the way back from work. While driving, your mobile will suggest that you take a different route because there’s a road accident up ahead.
The second trend is in gesture-based controls. People who know the iPhone’s touch-sensitive screen are already familiar with the technology. It translates hand movements into actions on-screen. But gestural communications will make the phone more convenient to use and may completely replace touchpads. According to industry insiders, the most immediate step forward in gestural technology will be in voice recognition. It’s believed voice recognition technology will speed up communications. It is quicker to speak than type. Eventually, phone screens will disappear.
The third major development will change our understanding of a mobile phone. From a single phone, the mobile will be developed into multi-part devices. It is opposite to the current trend in which mobile phones are combining the functions of cameras, music players and game consoles. The prediction is based on the idea that the world will become more wireless and all these—cameras, music players and game consoles—will be wirelessly connected. Mobile phones won’t need to contain these devices because users will be able to control them wirelessly through their phones.
小題1:The first paragraph serves as          .
A．a(chǎn) lead-inB．a(chǎn) conclusionC．a(chǎn) summary D．a(chǎn) supporting fact
小題2:Which of the following is most likely to be the appearance of a mobile phone in 2020? 

小題3:From the text, we can learn that the future mobile phones will          .
A．drive cars for us
B．be controlled by the users’ voices
C．be controlled by home appliances
D．be very big together with separated multiple parts
小題4:The text mainly tells us          .
A．three major trends of mobile phones
B．what mobile phones will look like in 2020
C．the future mobile phones are gesture-based
D．some new functions of the present mobile phones

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The German shepherd runs off and noses around in the grass of Kenya’s Laikipia Plateau. “OK, Oakley,” the dog’s handler orders, “Find it!”
Oakley sniffs (嗅) until he comes to a bush, then stops, sits, and looks up at his handler. She bends to see what he has found: the waste of an endangered African wild dog. “Good dog!” she praises. The handler pulls a tennis ball from her pocket. Oakley jumps for his reward.
“He doesn’t actually want the waste,” says Aimee Hurt, a founding member of the U.S.-based group Working Dogs for Conservation. Hurt is in Kenya to train both Oakley and his handler. “He finds it so he can play with his ball. We’re the ones who want the waste.”
Detection dogs are sometimes taught to locate actual animals. Black-footed ferrets (雪貂) have been studied with their help. But more often the dogs learn to locate the waste of creatures such as bears, wolves and mountain lions.
What the dogs find provides scientists with data about a species. Scientists can use the DNA collected from animal waste to identify individuals, sex, and population sizes — all without ever seeing the animal itself. “It can take years to gather this kind of information if you have to trap animals,” Hurt explains.
Waste analysis might make a huge difference when wild species are accused of attacking domestic livestock (家畜). Hurt says, “A good detection dog will find the waste so we can see what the animal is actually eating.” This may help reduce problems between people and wildlife.
小題1: The underlined word “She” in Paragraph 2 refers to  “_____”.
A．the German shepherd
B．a(chǎn)n African wild dog
C．Aimee Hurt
D．the handler
小題2: Oakley is interested in finding the waste because _____.
A．he wants to study endangered animals
B．he can get a tennis ball to play with
C．he wants to eat it
D．he wants to play with it
小題3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Trapping animals is not difficult.
B．People are making efforts to protect the environment.
C．Detection dogs attack domestic livestock frequently.
D．Collecting animal waste is a good way to gather information.
小題4:What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Detection dogs can help scientists study wildlife.
B．Detection dogs can defend wildlife.
C．Detection dogs can help the police catch the criminals.
D．Detection dogs can help local people defend domestic livestock.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The Queen’s English is now sounding less upper-class, a scientific study of the Queen’s Christmas broadcasts has found. Researchers have studied each of her messages to the Commonwealth countries since 1952 to find out the change in her pronunciation from the noble Upper Received to the Standard Received.
Jonathan Harrington, a professor at Germany’s University of Munich, wanted to discover whether accent changes recorded over the past half century would take place within one person. “As far as I know, there just is nobody else for whom there is this sort of broadcast records,” he said.
He said the noble way of pronouncing vowels (元音) had gradually lost ground as the noble upper-class accent over the past years. “Her accent sounds slightly less noble than it did 50 years ago. But these are very, very small and slow changes that we don’t notice from year to year.”
“We may be able to relate it to changes in the social classes,” he told The Daily Telegraph, a British newspaper. “In 1952 she would have been heard saying ‘thet men in the bleck het’. Now it would be ‘that man in the black hat’. Similarly, she would have spoken of ‘the citay’ and ‘dutay’, rather than ‘citee’ and ‘dutee’, and ‘hame’ rather than ‘home’. In the 1950s she would have been ‘lorst’, but by the 1970s ‘lost’.”
The Queen’s broadcast is a personal message to the Commonwealth countries. Each  Christmas, the 10-minute broadcast is put on TV at 3 pm in Britain as many families are recovering from their traditional turkey lunch (傳統(tǒng)火雞午餐).
The results were published (發(fā)表) in the Journal of Phonetics.
小題1:What is the text mainly about?
A．The relationship between accents and social classes.
B．The Queen’s Christmas speeches on TV.
C．The changes in a person’s accent.
D．The recent development of the English language.
小題2:The Queen’s broadcasts were chosen for the study mainly because ______.
A．she has been Queen for many years
B．she has a less upper-class accent now
C．her speeches are familiar to many people
D．her speeches have been recorded for 50 years
小題3:Which of the following is an example of a less noble accent in English?
A．“dutay”B．“citee”　　　　　C．“hame”D．“l(fā)orst”
小題4:We may infer from the text that the Journal of Phonetics is a magazine on ______.
A．speech sounds　　　　　　B．Christmas customs
C．TV broadcasting　　　　　D．personal messages

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

       If you’re a male and you’re reading this, congratulations! You’re a survivor. According to statistics，you’re more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman，and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term，about 78 years for men in Australia，you’ll die on average five years before a woman.
There're many reasons for this--typically，men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.
“Men aren't seeing doctors as often as they should，” says Dr. Gullotta.“This is particularly so
for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike. According to a recent survey, 95％of women aged between 15 and early 49s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70％of men in the same age group.
“A lot of men think they’re unbeatable，”Gullotta says．“They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think, Geez, if it could happen to him …”
Then there’s the ostrich（鴕鳥）approach．“Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,” says Dr. Ross Cartmill.
“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says. He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups.
“Prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases．Besides, the final cost is far greater，it’s called premature death.”
小題1:Why does the author congratulate male readers at the beginning of the passage?
A．They can live longer than they expected．
B．They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier life.
C．They have lived long enough to read this article.
D．They are more likely to survive serious diseases now．
小題2:Which of the author’s statements is the most important reason that men die five years earlier on average than women according to the passage?
A．Men drink and smoke much more than women.
B．Men don’t seek medical care as often as women.
C．Men are more likely to suffer from deadly diseases.
D．Men aren’t as cautious as women in face of danger.
小題3:Which of the following best completes the underlined sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him…” （in Para 4） ?
A．it could happen to me，too.
B．it would be a big misfortune.
C．I should avoid playing golf.
D．I should consider myself lucky.
小題4:What does Dr．Ross Cartmill mean by“the ostrich approach”（in Para 5）?
A．A casual attitude towards one’s health conditions.
B．A new treatment for certain psychological problems．
C．Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved.
D．Unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear.

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