Two Earthquakes in Two Months:
Comparing the Quakes in Haiti (海地) and Chile (智利)
Overview (概要) How do the earthquakes in Chile and Haiti compare? Here, students perform a gallery walk to learn more about the earthquakes from a specific point, and then do a specific research and presentation project or response activity. Finally, they seek answers to their unanswered questions.
Materials Print copies of photographs, charts, documents and other visuals to display, as described below; computer (s) with Internet access (optional), research materials, handouts.
Warm-up Choose and prepare a “gallery” of photographs, graphics, news reports and other materials to display around the room to enable students to consider the 2010 earthquake in Chile.
Depending on course program, choose materials for the gallery that provide a window on the two quakes, through one of the following specific points, or the focus of your choice:
Earthquakes through History Putting the 2010 Chilean and Haitian quakes into historical view related to other earthquakes, including the 1960 Chilean quake and the 2004 Asian earthquake and tsunami.
Rescue and Aid Considering domestic and international response to the disasters by militaries, governments and aid organizations, including rescue and recovery as well as efforts to provide food, water, health care and shelter to those affected.
Related The article Underwater Plate Cuts 400 Mile Gash compares several earthquakes:
Mr. Lin figured that the quake on Saturday was 250 to 350 times more powerful than the Haitian quake.
But Paul Caruso noted that at least on land, the effects of the Chilean tremor (震動) might not be as bad. For one thing, he said, the quality of building construction is generally better in Chile than in Haiti. And the fact that the quake occurred offshore should also help limit the destruction. In Haiti, the rupture (斷裂) occurred only a few miles from the capital, Port-au-Prince. The rupture on Saturday was centered about 60 miles from the nearest town, Chillan, and 70 miles from the country’s second-largest city, Concepción.
Read the article using the following questions.
Questions For discussion with others and reading comprehension:
How does the 2010 Chilean earthquake compare to the 1960 Chilean earthquake?
Why do scientists believe that the 2010 Chilean earthquake will not cause the same level of damage as January’s Haitian earthquake did?
How does the 2010 Chilean earthquake compare to the 2004 Indonesian earthquake?
What reasons do scientists give to explain why the Indonesian quake caused so much more damage than the recent Chilean earthquake?
64. Which of the following shows one of the reasons for slighter losses in Chile than in Haiti?
A. Position:
     
B. Power:

65. We can infer that the article Underwater Plate Cuts 400 Mile Gash includes ________.
A. the causes of the 2010 Chilean earthquake and the 1960 Chilean earthquake
B. the comparison between the 2010 Haitian and the 2004 Indonesian earthquakes
C. the reason for the 2010 Chilean quake being more powerful than January’s Haitian earthquake
D. the reason for less damage in the 2010 Chilean quake than in the 2004 Indonesian earthquake
66. What is the passage most likely to be?
A. A program for research.                                   B. A guide to earthquake study.
C. An advertisement for students.                             D. An introduction to quakes.
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Researchers are placing robotic dogs (機器狗) in the homes of lonely old people to determine whether they can improve the quality of life for humans. Alan Beck, an expert in human-animal relationship, and Nancy Edwards, a professor of nursing, are leading the animal-assisted study concerning the influence of robotic dogs on old people’s depression, physical activity, and life satisfaction. “No one will argue that an older person is better off being more active, challenged, or stimulated (刺激) ,” Edwards points out. “The problem is how we promote(使……成為現(xiàn)實)that, especially for those without friends or help. A robotic dog could be a solution.”
In the study, the robot, called AIBO, is placed for six weeks in the houses of some old people who live alone. Before placing AIBO in the home, researchers will collect baseline data for six weeks. These old people will keep a diary to note their feelings and activity before and after AIBO. Then, the researchers will review the data to determine if it has inspired any changes in the life of its owner.
“I talk to him all the time, and he responds to my voice,” says a seventy-year-old lady.“When I’m watching TV, he’ll stay in my arms until he wants down. He has a mind of his own.”
The AIBOs respond to certain orders. The researchers say they have some advantages over live dogs, especially for old people. Often the elderly are disabled and cannot care for an animal by walking it or playing with it. A robotic dog removes exercise and feeding concerns.
“At the beginning, it was believed that no one would relate to the robotic dog, because it was metal and not furry,” Beck says. “But it’s amazing how quickly we have given up that belief.
“Hopefully, down the road, these robotic pets could become a more-valuable health helper. They will record their masters’ blood pressure, oxygen levels, or heart rhythms. AIBOs may even one day have games that can help stimulate older people’s minds.”
48. The purpose of Beck and Edwards’ study is to ______
A. understand human-animal relationship       B. make lonely old people’s life better
C. find the causes of old people’s loneliness    D. promote the animal-assisted research
49. In the research, the old people are asked to ______
A. note the activities of AIBOs                      B. keep AIBOs at home for 12 weeks
C. record their feelings and activity               D. analyze the collected information
50. What is the advantage of AIBO over live dogs?
A. It is easier to keep at home.                      B. It can help the disabled people.
C. It responds to all the human orders.           D. It can watch TV with its owner.
51. The author seems to suggest that the future robotic dogs may ______
A. cure certain diseases                                B. keep old people active
C. change people’s beliefs                             D. look more like real dogs

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


Ausubel of Rockefeller University in New York, US. says the key renewable energy sources, including sun, wind and biofuels, would all require vast     1    of land if developed up to large scale production1 – unlike nuclear power. That land would be far better left alone2, he says. Renewables look attractive when they are quite     2   . But if we start producing renewable energy on a large scale, the fallout is going to be horrible. Instead, Ausubel argues     3    renewed development of nuclear.
Ausubel draws his conclusions by analysing the amount of energy renewables, natural gas and nuclear can produce in terms of power per square metre of land used3. Moreover, he claims that as renewable energy use increases, this measure of efficiency4 will     4    as the best land for wind, biofuels, and solar power gets used up.
Using biofuels to obtain the     5    amount of energy as a 1000 megawatt nuclear power plant would require 2500 square kilometres of farm     6   , Ausubel says. "We should be sparing land for nature5, not using it as pasture for cars and trucks," he adds.
Solar power is much more efficient than biofuel in terms of the area of land     7   , but it would still require 150 square kilometres of photovoltaic cells to     8    the energy production of the 1000 MW nuclear plant. In another example, he says meeting the 2005 US electricity demand via wind power alone would need 780,000 square kilometres, an area the size of Texas.
However, several experts are highly critical     9    Ausubel’s conclusions. John Turner of the US government’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory says that     10    the US got all of its power from solar energy, it would still need less than half the amount of land that has been paved over for highways. Further, it need not     11    additional land. The US could get a quarter of its energy just from covering rooftops of     12    buildings, he says.
According to Turner, the same "dual use" also applies to wind power6. "The footprint for wind7 is only 5% of the land that it     13   . Farmers can still farm the land that the turbines are on8. Turner says looking solely at land use is an oversimplification of the     14   . "I’m not sure I’d want to build one of these nuclear plants in Afghanistan9, but we could     15    put in wind and solar power," he adds.
小題1:A. figures       B. amounts          C, unmbers        D. digits
小題2:
A．smallB．hugeC．littleD．vast
小題3:
A．a(chǎn)tB．overC．forD．a(chǎn)gainst
小題4:
A．expandB．minimizeC．enlargeD．decrease
小題5:
A．sameB．similarC．a(chǎn)likeD．identical
小題6:
A．regionB．siteC．a(chǎn)reaD．land
小題7:
A．leasedB．cultivatedC．usedD．purchased
小題8:
A．patchB．matchC．catchD．fetch
小題9:
A．inB．withC．ofD．on
小題10:
A．even ifB．only ifC．what ifD．a(chǎn)s if
小題11:
A．lock upB．take upC．give upD．set up
小題12:
A．toweringB．interestingC．nice-lookingD．existing
小題13:
A．surroundsB．containsC．includesD．covers
小題14:
A．issueB．stuffC．summaryD．suggestion
小題15:
A．doubtfullyB．supposedlyC．certainlyD．honestly

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

It was the final examination. The class was very   36  . I was checking my paper   37   I saw my best friend, Samy,   38   to cheat at the exam. 
Samy scribbled（潦草地寫） the   39   to some questions on his answer sheet   40   looking at a piece of paper. I was   41   and did not know what to do. My heart was beating   42   by each second. Suddenly, Samy noticed me staring at him.
He made a hand gesture, asking me not to   43   the teacher. I was deep in thoughts when the teacher said, “Time’s up! Please put down your pens! Stop   44  ! I will collect your papers.” I was waken out of my   45   upon hearing the loud voice of the teacher. I went home feeling very   46  . I was so frustrated   47   I even talked to my toys!
The next day, I went straight to the   48   office for I decided to tell the teacher that Samy   49   yesterday. I plucked up（鼓起） my   50   and walked into the office. I told the teacher that Samy had cheated. She was very angry. During break, she   51       Samy and Samy cried. He   52   his face as he ran out of the teachers’ office after he was scolded. After that incident, Samy always ignored me whenever I approached him. I was very sad. I thought my   53   with him must be over.
A few more days later, I was at the bus stop   54   for my bus when Samy came to me with a guilty look on his face. He said, “I’m sorry, I have now   55   cheating at the exam. Will you forgive me?” “Sure,” I replied with a smile. “But promise me never to cheat again.” “I promise!” he replied. Then we walked home happily.
36. A. silent             B. noisy                   C. crowded              D. dirty
37. A. while             B. when                    C. as                         D. whenever
38. A. wanting                     B. searching                  C. attempting                D. Wishing
39. A. sentences          B. words                  C. notes                    D. answers
40. A. before            B. after                    C. until                     D. once
41. A. glad                       B. anxious                 C. afraid                   D. sad
42. A. quicker and quicker                            B. harder and harder
C. slower and slower                              D. heavier and heavier
43. A. inform            B. phone                   C. tell                              D. ask
44. A. talking            B. writing                 C. looking                 D. thinking
45. A. thoughts          B. room                    C. soul                      D. seat
46. A. bad                B. worried                C. calm                    D. miserable
47. A. as                   B. which                  C. but                      D. that
48. A. school’s                 B. headmaster’s                C. teachers’               D. parents’
49. A. cheated        B. had cheated           C. was cheating          D. had been cheating
50. A. spirit              B. courage                 C. feet                      D. strength
51. A. hit                  B. beat                      C. told                      D. scolded
52. A. covered           B. washed                 C. lowered                D. raised
53. A. happiness      B. friendship             C. incident                       D. business
54. A. waited             B. to wait                        C. waiting                D. wait
55. A. appreciated      B. minded                 C. regretted              D. frightened

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Supermarkets are trying out new computers that make shopping carts more intelligent (具備智能的). They will help shoppers find cups or toilet soap, and keep a record of the bill.
The touch-screen devices (觸摸屏裝置) are on show at the Food Marketing Institute's exhibition here this week. "These devices are able to create value and get you around the store quicker," said Michael Alexandor, manager of Springboard Retail Networks Inc., which makes a smart cart computer called the Concierge.
Canadian stores will test the Concierge in July. A similar device, IBM's "shopping buddy," has recently been test-marketed at Stop & Shop stores in Massachusetts.
Neither device tells you how many fat grams or calories are in your cart, but they will flash you with items on sale. The idea is to make it easier for people to buy, not to have second thoughts that maybe you should put something back on the shelf.
"The whole model is driven by advertisers' need to get in front of shoppers," said Alexandor. "They're not watching 30-second TV ads anymore."
People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists. Once at the store, a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system (系統(tǒng)) that will organize the trip around the store. If you're looking for toothpicks, you type in the word or pick it from a list, and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.
The devices also keep a record of what you buy. When you're finished, the device figures out your bill. Then you go to the checker or place your card into a self-checkout stand and pay.
The new computerized shopping assistants don't come cheap. The Buddy devices will cost the average store about $160,000, and the Concierge will cost stores about $500 for each device.
53. The underlined word “they” (Paragraph 1) refers to_________.
A．supermarkets    B．shop assistants        C．shopping carts    D．shop managers
54. Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts?
a. Start the system.                     b. Make a shopping list.
c. Find the things you want.             D. Go to a self-checkout stand.
A．a(chǎn)bdc  B．bacd        C．a(chǎn)cbd          D．bcad
55. We can learn from the last paragraph that_________.
A．intelligent shopping carts cost a large sum of money
B．the Concierge is cheaper than the Buddy devices
C．shop assistants with computer knowledge are well paid   
D．a(chǎn)verage stores prefer the Concierge to the Buddy devices
56. What might be the most suitable title for the text?
A．New age for supermarkets
B．Concierge and Shopping Buddy
C．New computers make shopping carts smarter
D．Touch-screen devices make shopping enjoyable

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


C
Many Older Doctors Plan to Give up Their Practice
The results of a new survey indicate that 48 percent of physicians between 50 and 65 years of age are planning to reduce or end their clinical practice in the next l to 3 years. The findings also suggest that many older physicians believe that their younger counterparts do not have the work ethic they do.
The survey, which was conducted by Merritt Hawkins＆Associates, a Texas-based physician search and consulting firm, suggests that many older physicians are simply unhappy with the changes that have taken place in medicine over the years.
"When Baby Boom doctors entered medicine, they had control over how they practiced and the fee they charged. But the rules changed on them in mid-stream and now many are looking for a ticket out," Mark Smith, executive vice president of Merritt Hawkins＆Associates, said in a statement.   "Our study is the only one I am aware of that examines the career plans of physicians in the 50-to-65 age group." This age group represents more than one-third of all physicians in the U. S. If they stop working in the coming years, it will have a "significant impact" on the overall supply of physicians, Smith told Reuters Health.
The results of the survey, which included 1,170 respondents（調(diào)查對象）, show that 24 percent of older physicians are planning to leave clinical practice all together in the next 1 to 3 years. Specifically, 14 percent said they were planning on retiring, 7 percent said they were looking for a medical job in a non-patient care setting, and 3 percent said they were seeking a job in a non-medical field.
For those physicians not leaving clinical practice, many said they would make changes to reduce the number of patients they treat. For instance, 12 percent said they would begin working part-time, 8 percent said they planned to stop taking new patients or markedly reduce their patient load, and 4 percent expressed a desire to work on a temporary basis.
When asked about the work ethic of physicians entering practice today, 68 percent of the respondents said that these younger doctors are not as dedicated or as hard working as physicians who entered practice 20 t0 30 years ago. Fifty-seven percent of older physicians said they would not recommend medicine as a career to their own children. Similarly, 44 percent said they would not select medicine as a career if they were starting out today.   
"The most ominous（不祥的）finding is that about one half of physicians surveyed plant to either abandon patient care in the next 1 to 3 years, or significantly reduce the number of patients they see," Smith said. "The U. S. already is facing a widespread shortage of physicians. Should older, ‘workhorse' physicians choose to give up patient care, access to medical services will be further restricted."
66. Which is NOT true of physicians in the 50-to-65 age group in the U. S.?
A. They are mostly baby boomers.
B. They have nothing to complain about.
C. Many of them plan to gradually stop their practice.
D. They account for over one-third of all physicians in the country.  
67. The survey was focused on         .
A. the living conditions of older physicians in the U. S.
B. the career plans of older physicians in the U. S.
C. the retirement plans of older physicians in the U. S.
D. the achievements of older physicians in the U.S.
68. Many older physicians in the U. S. view the work ethic of their younger
counterparts        .
A. with appreciation    B. with disapproval    C. with jealous        D. with indifference
69. In the eyes of many older physicians, medicine         .
A. comes first in their choice of a career for their children
B. remains their lifelong pursuit
C. is not as good a career as it used to be
D. is more demanding than it used to be
70. If many older physicians stop working in the coming years, Americans will have         .
A. even less access to medical services         B. even better patient care
C. a shortage of younger physicians             D. more job opportunities

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

   In the future your automobile will run on water instead of gas! You will be able to buy a supercomputer that fits in your pocket! You might even drive a flying car!
For each prediction that has come true today, several others have missed by a mile. Many of these predictions didn’t consider how people would want to use the technology, or if people really needed it in their lives or not. Let’s look at some predictions from the not-too-distant past.
Robot Helpers
Where’s the robot in my kitchen? Nowhere, of course. And he’s probably not coming anytime soon. Robots do exist today, but mostly in factories and other manufacturing environments.
Back in the 1950s, however, people said that by now personal robots would be in most people’s homes.
So why hasn’t it happened?  Probably because robots are still too expensive and clumsy. And maybe the idea of robots cooking our dinners and washing our clothes is just too weird. At home we seem to be doing fine without them.
Telephones of Tomorrow
In 1964 an American company introduced the video telephone. They said by the year 2000 most people would have a video phone in their homes. But of course the idea hasn’t caught on yet.
Why? The technology worked fine, but it over—looked something obvious: people’s desire for privacy. Would you want to have a video phone conversation with someone after you just step out of the shower?  Probably not---it could be embarrassing! Just because a technology available doesn’t always mean people will want to use it.
And finally, how about that crazy prediction of the flying car? It’s not so crazy anymore! But a flying car remains one of the most fascinating technology ideas to capture our imagination. Keep watching the news, or perhaps the sky outside your window, to see what the future will bring.
64. The whole passage is mainly about ________________.
A. predictions that have come true.
B. predictions that haven’t come true.
C. why predictions don’t come true easily.
D. what technology will bring about.
65. The author of this passage won’t believe that _________________.
A. predictions needn’t consider people’s practical use of technology.
B. the future isn’t always easy to guess.
C. not all past predictions have come true.
D. many of the high—tech things our parents thought we’d be using by now simply never appeared.
66. The underlined word “weird” probably means __________.
A. wonderful   B. stupid    C. practical    D. strange
67. What does the author think of the flying car?
A. It is too difficult to imagine.
B. It is too crazy an idea.
C. It is likely to be made.
D. It is often reported in the news. 

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


C
Let These Plants Swat the Bugs for You
Some plants get so hungry they eat flies, spiders, and even small frogs. What’s more amazing is that these plants occur naturally (in special environments) in every state. In fact, they’re found on every continent except Antarctica.
You’ve probably seen a Venus’ flytrap. It’s often sold in museum gift stores, department stores, and even supermarkets. A small plant, it grows 6 to 8 inches tall in a container. At the end of its stalks（莖）are specially modified leaves that act like traps. Inside each trap is a lining of tiny trigger（觸發(fā)）hairs. When an insect lands on them, the trap suddenly shut. Over the course of a week or so, the plant feeds on its catch.
The Venus’ flytrap is just one of more than 500 species of meat-eating plants, says Barry Meyers-Rice, the editor of the International Carnivorous Plant Society’s Newsletter. Note: Despite any science-fiction stories（科幻小說）you might have read, no meat-eating plant does any danger to humans.
Dr. Meyers-Rice says a plant is meat-eating, only if it does all four of the following: “attract, kill, digest, and absorb” some form of insects , including flies, butterflies, and moths. Meat-eating plants look and act like other green plants—well, most of the time.
All green plants make sugar through a process called photosynthesis（光合作用）. Plants use the sugar to make food. What makes “meat-eating” plants different is their bug-catching leaves. They need insects for one reason: nitrogen（氮）. Nitrogen is a nutrient that they can’t obtain any other way. Why?
Almost all green plants on our planet get nitrogen from the soil. “Meat-eating” plants can’t. They live in places where nutrients are hard or almost impossible to get from the soil because of its acidity（酸度）. So they’ve come to rely on getting nitrogen from insects and small animals. In fact, nutrient-rich soil is poisonous to “meat-eating” plants. Never fertilize（施肥）them! But don’t worry, either, if they never seem to catch any insects. They can survive, but they’ll grow very slowly.
64. Venus flytrap      
A. is a small plant which grows in a container. 
B. is a kind of plant which gets hungry easily.
C. can attract, kill, digest and absorb some form of insects.
D. grows 6-8 inches tall  
65. From the passage, we know      .
A. “meat-eating” plants are found on every continent.
B. all green plants get nitrogen from the soil.
C. bug-catching leaves make “meat-eating” different from other plants.
D. some “meat-eating” plants in the rainforest do danger to humans.
66. “Meat-eating” plants grow very slowly,      .
A. so you’d better fertilize them   
B. probably because the source of nitrogen is cut off.
C. simply because they can’t absorb nitrogen from the soil 
D. and then they will die slowly.
67. Which of the following is true?
A. “Meat-eating” plants look and act like other green plants.
B. No insects, no “meat-eating” plants.
C. The reason why Venus flytrap needs flies is that it needs to get nutrient from them.
D. Green plants make sugar at night.
68. What does the underlined word nutrient in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. 化學物    B.營養(yǎng)物    C. 肥料      D. 氮氫化合物

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


B
Particles from car exhausts generate more persistent clouds but less rain, new research suggests. Furthermore, putting more of these particles into the atmosphere reduces the low-level winds, which could reduce the amount of wind power available in very polluted regions. The dry but populated regions may therefore suffer a triple blow as a result of vehicle pollution：less water, less hydropower and less wind energy.
Scientists studied the effects of aerosol（浮質(zhì)）pollution from cars and industry. They correlated satellite data on wind speeds and the amount of aerosol particles in the atmosphere above the South Coast Basin in California and above China. Results showed that higher concentrations of aerosols were closely associated with slower ground winds. Scientists then used computer models to support the idea that there was a cause and effect relationship behind this correlation.
Particles floating in the atmosphere block energy from the Sun, preventing it from warming the surface of the Earth. Cooler surface temperatures during the day means the low—level and slow moving air does not rise up and mix with the faster winds at higher altitudes. Slower winds also induce less evaporation from oceans, rivers and lakes. And finally, once clouds have formed, they store less moisture in the form of rain. This is because raindrops form around small particles— dust, for instance, or pollution. With more particles in the atmosphere, it takes longer for enough water to condense（凝結）onto a particle to form a raindrop. And if the cloud of fine droplets（小滴）moves to a drier area before its would-be rain can rail, the moisture evaporates once more and the cloud disappears.
Scientists note their new work does not contradict previous findings that suggest global warming might lead to more tropical storms, because there is far less particulate（微粒的）pollution over the oceans.
60. The first paragraph mainly talks about        .
A. the results of vehicle pollution
B. an introduction to particles from car exhausts
C. less wind energy in polluted regions
D. less water caused by vehicle pollution
61. From this passage we can learn that        .
A. scientists supported their idea by using material models
B. the new study is contrary to the previous findings
C. if there are more particles in the atmosphere, there will be more raindrops
D. there is a cause and effect relationship between wind speeds and particle pollution
62. The underlined word “induce” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean       _ .
A. reduce         B. persuade           C. cause             D. produce
63. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Pollution and Global Warming          B. Car, Wind and Rain
C. Industry Pollution                    D. How Rain Forms

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