Can eating a chocolate bar every day really prevent age-related memory loss? No. But a new research shows that large amounts of flavones, substances found in cocoa, tea and some kinds of vegetables, may improve age-related memory failure.

Dr. Scott Small is a professor of neurology (神經(jīng)病學(xué)) at Columbia University in new York City. He is the lead writer of a research paper describing the effects of cocoa flavones on brain activity. His study involved 37 volunteers aged between 50 and 69. Researchers gave them a high-level flavones drink made from cocoa beans or a low-level flavones drink. For a period of three months, some subjects got 900 milligrams of flavones a day. The others got 10 milligrams of flavones each day. Brain imaging and memory tests were given to each study subject before and after the study. Dr. Small says that the subjects who had the high-level flavones drink showed much improvement on memory tests.

The researchers warn that more work is needed to be done because this study was performed only on a small group. Dr. Joann Manson is the lead researcher of a four-year study involving 18,000 adults. This study will use flavones capsules(膠囊). The study subjects will be divided into two groups and will take two pills per day. The capsules used will all look the same. But one group's capsules will contain flavones, while the other group will take capsules made of an inactive substance, or placebo

Dr. Manson says it's not necessary for people to start eating more chocolate, because a person would have to eat a huge amount of chocolate to get the same level of flavones given to the rest subjects. He adds many manufacturers have planned to remove the flavones from their chocolate products. Similarly, Dr. Manson says a cocoa-based flavones extract(提取)may be developed in the future But he says that more studies are needed to see how much flavones is good for our health.

1.What was done to the subjects after Dr. Small’s study?

A. They were asked to take a high-level flavones drink.

B. They were given capsules containing flavones.

C. They were given brain imaging and memory tests.

D. They were asked to take two pills of flavones capsules per day.

2.What's the similarity of the two experiments?

A. Both use high-level flavones capsules.

B. The number of the subjects is the same.

C. Drinks and placebos are used in both experiments.

D. The subjects are divided into two groups in both experiments.

3.Why will Dr. Manson carry out the four-year study?

A. To prove the first experiment is wrong.

B. To carry out the experiment further.

C. To test how much flavones can improve our memory.

D. To show eating chocolate is better to improve memory.

4.What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. It’s not necessary for us to eat chocolate.

B. The more we eat flavones, the better our health will be.

C. In the future we can get flavones without eating chocolate.

D. It’s easy for people to get the same level of flavones given to the test subjects.

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課文填空（共5小題：每小題1分，滿分5分）

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A．Means of e?waste recycling

B．How e?waste comes into being

C．The benefit of e?waste recycling

D．The technologies of e?waste recycling

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F．Modern technology brings convenience and e?waste

1.

Modern technology does bring us many conveniences（便利），from Wi?Fi（無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)）enabled cell phones and ever? smaller laptop computers that make entire lives easy to energy? efficient washers that use half the power and time to complete their tasks. However，these new toys and equipment finally become electronic waste （ 電子垃圾）（e? waste）once they are out of use.

2.

E? waste includes everything from empty printer ink containers to broken refrigerators. As people buy new items to replace aging electronics or make upgrades（升級），more electronic waste comes into being. In some cases，such as 2009's switch from analog（模擬）to digital television broadcasting in the United States，changes in technology are so great that old equipment may not even work at all with new systems.

3.

There are many reasons why it is important to recycle electronic waste. Much of the material used to construct electronics，including metal and plastic parts，can be recycled into new items at a discount of the cost and energy use needed to create things from new raw materials（原材料）. Additionally，many electronics contain poisonous substances （有毒物質(zhì)）that are harmful to the environment and could be deadly if they go into an area's groundwater. When properly recycled，they can be reused and will not do harm to the environment. Because of these environmental concerns，many areas require by law that electronic waste be properly recycled.

4.

The availability（可用性）of e?waste recycling programs varies from place to place. In some areas，annual collections are held once or twice a year as a means of dealing with e?waste as well as used engine oil or other waste that is harmful to the environment. There are also some good alternatives （替代品） to recycling your e?waste. Any items that are in working condition can be given to friends or donated to charities（慈善機(jī)構(gòu)）like Goodwill or the Salvation Army，who rely heavily on donations （ 捐贈(zèng)） . Freecycling ，or passing on your unwanted items to those in need of them，is also a means of finding new homes for used items.

5.

E?waste recycling helps protect the environment by reducing the amount of poisonous materials placed in landfills（垃圾場）and saving recyclable parts to save energy and other resources. Recycling is a way of life. Stick to that choice every single day and recycling will become second nature to us.

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