From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us.When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool.Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind?s future 3 and cultural growth increased.
　　Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language.They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood.Therefore there are critical 10 times for language development.
Current 11 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades.Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed.
16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum.Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language.This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings isnecessary for proper language development.Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities.These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them.Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.
1.A.generated B.evolved C.born D.originated
2.A.valuable B.appropriate C.convenient D.favorite
3.A.attainments B.feasibilityC.entertainments D.evolution
4.A.essential B.available C.reliable D.responsible
5.A.confirm B.inform C.claim D.convince
6.A.for B.from C.of D.with
7.A.organizations B.organisms C.humans D.children
8.A.potential B.performance C.preference D.passion
9.A.as B.just as C.like D.unlike
10.A.ideological B.biological C.social D.psychological
11.A.reviews B.reference C.reaction D.recommendation
12.A.In a word B.In a sense C.Indeed D.In other words
13.A.various B.different C.the higher D.the lower
14.A.revealed B.exposed C.engaged D.involved
15.A.regulations B.formations C.rules D.constitutions
16.A.Although B.Whether C.Since D.When
17.A.distinguished B.different C.protected D.isolated
18.A.exposition B.comparison C.contrast  D.interaction
19.A.acquisition B.appreciation C.requirement D.alternative
20.A.As a result B.After all C.In other words D.Above all

1. B
2. A
3. A
4. D
5. C
6. D
7. B
8. A
9. A
10. B
11. A
12. C
13. D
14. B
15. C
16. A
17. D
18. D
19. A
20. C
1.此處意為：當人類剛剛開始進化，他們如同新生兒一樣不會運用語言這種工具。
evolved逐漸發(fā)展，進化符合題意。generated生殖，發(fā)展；born (bear的過去分詞)不能作謂語動詞；originated起源，不能用first修飾。
2.根據(jù)語法分析，答案應用來修飾語言的。valuable珍貴的；appropriate合適的，適當?shù)�；convenient方便的，便利的；favorite最喜歡的。語言并不是人類選擇的結果，而是人類在進化過程中慢慢發(fā)展起來的，對人類來說，應當是珍貴的。
3.此處意思是：語言的發(fā)展增加了人類未來的成就和文化進步的可能性。attainments成就；feasibility可行性；entertainments娛樂；evolution進化。
4.此處意為：許多語言學家認為進化使人們產(chǎn)生和具備了語言的能力。固定短語be responsible for對……負責，是……的原由。其它選項不與for搭配。
5.根據(jù)語法分析,空格后應是一個賓語從句，而A，B，D三項后都不能接從句做直接賓語。confirm(確認) 名詞；inform(通知)sb.of sth.；convince(使某人確信) sb.of sth.
6.固定搭配provide sb.with sth.意為“向(人)提供(物)”
7.此處意為：我們高度發(fā)達的大腦是我們具備了其它低等動物所不具備的語言能力。顯然，這里是把人和低等動物相比較。因此選organisms有機體，生物體。
8.此句意思是：人類的語言能力是與生俱來的，但語言本身也在逐漸發(fā)展，所以這種能力應該是潛在的。potential潛力；performance履行；preference偏愛；passion激情
9.此句句義是：語言本身作為童年時期大腦生長的一種功能，其發(fā)展是緩慢的。as (作為，當作)合乎題意。Like作為介詞的意思是“像……一樣”。
10.此句意為：語言的發(fā)展有一個關鍵期，人體的成長是生物變化的過程。biological生物的；ideological思想上的；social社會的；psychological心理的。
11.此處意為：目前人們對“先天論”評論觀點不一，但是支持某些天生能力的證據(jù)卻是確鑿無疑的。reviews評論；reference參考；reaction反應；recommendation推薦。
12.從11題可看出，作者是傾向于先天論的，為了進一步證明先天論是有道理的，作者選擇了以學校為例加以說明，因此這里應填一個表示遞進關系的詞Indeed(甚至)。
13.此處意思是：越來越多的學校發(fā)現(xiàn)在什么年級學外語較容易，根據(jù)常識(低年級學外語較容易)以及后文的Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults…可以選定答案。
14.此處意為：通過接觸多種語言，孩子們可以學會好幾種語言。be exposed to是固定搭配，接觸到。reveal(顯露)sth.to sb，不合題意，因本題中的them指languages。其余選項不與to搭配。engage in從事；be involved in參與。
15.此句意思是：一旦母語的規(guī)則被深深印入腦海中，成年人就很難再學好另一種語言。rules規(guī)則，規(guī)律；regulations規(guī)定；formations構成，構造；constitutions憲法，章程。
16.分析上下文的邏輯關系，從句意思是：語言的某些方面肯定是先天的。主句意思是：語言不會在與人隔絕的狀況下自行發(fā)展。前后應為轉折關系。
17.此句意為：與人隔絕的兒童不能掌握好一門語言。isolated孤立的，與人隔絕的；distinguished區(qū)別的，杰出的；different不同的；protected受到保護的。
18.此句總結前幾句，意為：必須通過與他人交往，語言才能夠發(fā)展。interaction相互作用；exposition暴露；comparison比較；contrast對比。
19.根據(jù)分析，本句中的“this”和“even more basic”分別指代上句的“interaction with other human beings”和“necessary”，此處所填詞對應上文中的language development。也就是說，language acquisition語言習得。appreciation欣賞,感激；requirement要求；alternative轉移，轉變，轉換。
20.本句功能是以另一種方式解釋前文中的“imitative, learned behavior.(模仿性的后天行為)”。In other words換言之，換句話說；As a result結果是；After all畢竟；Above all首先。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Computers. Love them or hate them, it is impossible to escape from them in the modern age. They are so much a part of our everyday lives—from instant messaging to e-mails. With many people preferring to use e-mail rather than traditional regular mail, it has become very important to be aware of how we express ourselves when using e-mail. The requirement of etiquette（網(wǎng)絡禮儀）is obviously needed.
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E-mail addresses
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Upper case（大寫字母）
Take care also NOT TO TYPE UNNECESSARILY IN UPPER CASE, as this is the e-mail version of shouting.
Personal information
You should beware too about giving away too much personal information over the Internet. It may feel much more comfortable to “talk” using instant messages as there are no uncomfortable silences or awkward moments, but never forget that—unless the person you are speaking to is a friend or family member—you really know nothing about them, so be careful. Further to this, NEVER agree to meet a stranger that you have spoken to online, as it can be extremely dangerous.
My final message though is—have fun! The Internet is exciting, useful and informative. But, as with so many things that we believe we can’t live without, it is a much better servant than a master.
60．The text is mainly about______.
A．how to express ourselves when using e-mail
B．computers, so much a part of our everyday lives
C．the Internet, a much better servant than a master
D．paying close attention to grammar and spelling when dealing with a formal e-mail
61．What does the underlined word “beware” mean?
A．think          B．be careful          C．care     D．know
62．If you use all capital letters, it looks like you are______.
A．yelling             B．careful             C．unprofessional       D．childish
63．Which of the following statements would the writer agree to?
A．As time goes by, many people prefer to use traditional regular mail again.
B．It’s fun to meet a stranger that you have spoken to online.
C．If you want to apply for a job, you can’t use a funny e-mail address when writing e-mails..
D．Grammar and spelling are not important when you write e-mails.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

These days we hear a lot about how air pollution is changing temperatures on the earth. New evidence from a mountaintop in China now suggests that pollution can also change the amount of rain and snow that falls in some places.
Usually, more rain falls in mountainous places than in flat areas upwind from the mountains. That’s because air can hold a lot of water. When wind blows wet air up a mountainside, the air gets colder. This temperature change often forces water to fall as rain or snow.
In recent years, however, many mountainous areas in the western United States have been getting less rain than normal. Mountains that are downwind from cities have experienced the biggest drops.
Some scientists have theorized（推理）that pollution drifts （趨勢）from the cities into the mountains, affecting rainfall, but proving this link has been difficult.
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Using this data, the scientists compared rainfall on Mount Hua to rainfall in the nearest city, Huayin, on days with different levels of visibility. When the air was clear and people could see as far as 20 km, the scientists found that 65% more rain fell on the mountain than in the city.
But when the air was smoggy, allowing only 8 km of visibility through the mist, the mountain received just 20% more rain than the city. The new data supports the theory that pollution affects rainfall.
Some scientists believe that there are other explanations for the numbers. It’s possible, for example, that natural particles（微粒）in the air, rather than particles produced by pollution, are affecting visibility.
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A．the temperature B．the amount of rain
C．the habit of eatingD．the amount of snow
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A．It will probably rain or snowB．It will probably be cloudy.
C．It will probably windD．It will probably become dry.
小題3:Why did the team led by a scientist go to Mount Hua?
A．They wanted to pay a visit to Mount Hua.
B．They wanted to collect the data for their theory.
C．They wanted to measure Mount Hua.
D．They wanted to have a good rest on Mount Hua.
小題4:You can most probably read the passage in _______.
A．a(chǎn) travel guide
B．a(chǎn) telephone book
C．a(chǎn) cartoon book
D．a(chǎn) science book

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not I.Q., a generally bad predictor of success. Instead, it’s purposeful practice. Top performers spend more hours practising their craft. It you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, you’d take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldn’t have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, say, a novelist, who coincidentally shared some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, or shared the same birthday.
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The primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It’s the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine; the latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics and what we’re “hard-wired” to do. And it’s true that genes play a role in our capabilities. But the brain is also very plastic. We construct ourselves through behaviour.
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A．the function of I.Q. in cultivating a writer
B．the relationship between genius and success
C．the decisive factor in making a genius
D．the way of gaining some sense of distinction
小題2:By reading novels and writers’ stories, the girl could________.
A．come to understand the inner structure of writing
B．join a fascinating circle of writers someday
C．share with a novelist her likes and dislikes
D．learn from the living examples to establish a sense of security
小題3:In the girl’s long painstaking training process, ________.
A．her adviser forms a primary challenging force to her success.
B．her writing turns into an automatic pattern of performance
C．she acquires the magic of some great achievement
D．she comes to realize she is “hard-wired” to write
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B．A responsible adviser is more important than the knowledge of writing.
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If there's a woman’s trait(特點) which is the same as men’s aggressiveness, it's what social scientists refer to as the result of "education". Feminists have argued that the caring nature of women is not biological in origin, but rather has been forced into women by a society that wanted to keep them in the home. But the signs that it is at least partly inborn are too numerous to ignore. Just as tiny infant girls respond more readily to human faces, female toddlers(學步者) learn much faster than males how to pick up nonverbal cues（非言語暗示） from others. And grown women are far more skilful than men at interpreting facial expressions: A recent study by University of Pennsylvania brain researcher Ruben Gur showed that they easily read emotions such as anger, sadness and fear. The only such emotion men could pick up was disgust.
　 What difference do such differences make in the real world? Among other things, women appear to be somewhat less competitive--or at least competitive in different ways--than men. At the Harvard Law School, for instance, female students enter with qualities just as outstanding as those of their male peers. But they don' t qualify for the well-known Law Review in proper numbers, a fact some school officials owe to women' s discomfort in the incredibly competitive atmosphere.
　　Students of management styles have found fewer differences than they expected between men and women who reach leadership positions, perhaps because many successful women deliberately imitate men. But an analysis by Purdue social psychologist Alice Eagly of 166 studies of leadership style did find one difference: Men tend to be more “autocratic”-making decisions on their own--while women tend to consult colleagues more often.  Studies of behavior in small groups turn up even more differences. Men will typically dominate the discussion, says University of Toronto psychologist Kenneth Dion, spending more time talking and less time listening.
小題1:The passage mainly discusses__________.
　          
A．how sex differences are demonstrated in social relations
　　		B．how hormone determines sex differences
　　		C．why there are differences between males and females
　　		D．why men and women have different social roles
小題2:Which of the following is true of women's nurturing nature according to the passage?
A．It is not inborn in any sense.
B．It is inspired by women’s families.
C．It is caused by social prejudice.
D．It is partly biological in origin.
小題3:The Harvard Law School example in paragraph 3 suggests that_________.
A．women are not as competitive as men
B．law is not the fight profession for women
C．women are as excellent as men when they are young
D．a(chǎn)cademic qualities are not equal to performance
小題4:Which of the following statement is true according to paragraph 4?
A．Men leaders should consult colleagues and subordinates more often.
B．Female leaders' success is due to their imitating male leaders.
C．Men and women are different in their leadership style.
D．Decisiveness is an important quality for a successful politician.
小題5:It can be inferred from the passage that the writer_________.
A．denies the difference sexes make in real life
B．is prejudiced against men
C．discourages women to be competitive
D．treats sex difference objectively

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.
This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest fires to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over the next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.
This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.
Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone（臭氧） levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling.
“We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.” Scientists tracked the change in the amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicted, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth.
小題1:According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may __________.
A．result in a warming climate
B．cause the forest fires to occur more frequently
C．lead to a longer fire season
D．protect the forests and the environment there
小題2:The following are all the immediate effects after a forest fire EXCEPT __________.
A．large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere
B．the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increase
C．snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into space
D．a(chǎn)shes from the fire fall on the ice surface and take in more radiation from the sun
小題3:Earlier studies about northern forest fires __________.
A．a(chǎn)nalyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate
B．indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphere
C．suggest that people should take measures to protect environment
D．suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming
小題4:The underlined phrase “soak up” in the last paragraph most probably means __________.
A．releasedB．a(chǎn)bsorbedC．createdD．distributed
小題5:From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may __________.
A．warm the climate as the supposition goes
B．a(chǎn)llow more snow to reflect more sunlight into space and thus cool the climate
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Sports shoes that work out whether their owner has done enough exercise to warrant time in front of the television have been devised in the UK.
The shoes — named Square Eyes — contain an electronic pressure sensor and a tiny computer chip to record how many steps the wearer has taken in a day. A wireless transmitter(傳話器) passes the information to a receiver connected to a television, and this decides how much evening viewing time the wearer deserves, based on the day’s efforts.
The design was inspired by a desire to fight against the rapidly ballooning waistlines among British teenagers, says Gillian Swan, who developed Square Eyes as a final year design project at Brunel University to London, UK. “We looked at current issues and childhood overweight really stood out,” she says. “And I wanted to tackle that with my design.”
Once a child has used up their daily allowance gained through exercise, the television automatically switches off. And further time in front of the TV can only be earned through more steps.
Swan calculated how exercise should translate to television time using the recommended daily amounts of both. Health experts suggest that a child take 12,000 steps each day and watch no more than two hours of television. So, every 100 steps recorded by the Square Eyes shoes equals precisely one minute of TV time.
Existing pedometers （計步器） normally clip onto a belt or slip into a pocket and keep count of steps by measuring sudden movement. Swan says these can be easily tricked into recording steps through shaking. But her shoe has been built to be harder for lazy teenagers to cheat. “It is possible, but it would be a lot of effort,” she says. “That was one of my main design considerations.”
小題1:According to Swan, the purpose of her design project is to ________.
A．keep a record of the steps of the wearer
B．deal with overweight among teenagers
C．enable children to resist the temptation of TV
D．prevent children from being tricked by TV programs
小題2:Which of the following is true of Square Eyes shoes?
A．They regulate a child’s evening TV viewing time.
B．They determine a child’s daily pocket money.
C．They have raised the hot issue of overweight.
D．They contain information of the receiver.
小題3:What is stressed（強調）by health experts in their suggestion?
A．The exact number of steps to be taken.
B．The precise number of hours spent on TV.
C．The proper amount of daily exercise and TV time.
D．The way of changing steps into TV watching time.
小題4:Compared with other similar products, the new design ________.
A．makes it difficult for lazy teenagers to cheat
B．counts the wearer’s steps through shaking
C．records the sudden movement of the wearer
D．sends teenagers’ health data to the receiver
小題5:Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Smart Shoes Decide on Television Time
B．Smart Shoes Guarantee More Exercise
C．Smart Shoes Measure Time of Exercise
D．Smart Shoes Stop Childhood Overweight

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A strong wind can be a dangerous thing — sometimes it is powerful enough to knock you off your feet. But to plants, the wind is a source of new life, carrying them or their spores (孢子) thousands of miles.
A NASA satellite called QuikSCAT has discovered highways of wind over the Earth's oceans. Scientists believe these invisible roads may explain why many nonflowering plants, such as mosses (苔) and lichens (地衣), grow where they do.
The satellite is able to send microwaves (微波) from space to the surface of the ocean. The pattern of signals that come back shows which way the winds are blowing.
Using this data, the scientists studied a group of islands in the southern hemisphere (半球), near Antarctica．Winds tend to blow anticlockwise (逆時針) in this region, but there are lots of local differences.
When the researchers compared these local patterns to botanical (植物學) data, they found that the wind had an important effect on where species of mosses, lichens, and other nonflowering plants grow.
For example, Bouvet Island and Heard Island, share 30 per cent of their moss species, 29 per cent of liverworts (葉苔), and 32 per cent of lichens — even though they are 4,430 kilometers apart. In contrast, Gough Island and Bouvet Island, separated by just 1,860 kilometers of sea, share only 16 per cent of mosses and 17 per cent of liverworts. They have no lichens in common.
Ferns (蕨類植物) and flowering plants don't travel as well in the wind, so they don't show the same kinds of distribution (分布) patterns.
小題1:This story is about _____.
A．the discovery of wind highwaysB．how wind travels
C．how wind affects different plantsD．one function of the wind
小題2:The underlined word "data" in the fourth paragraph means _____.
A．signalB．patternC．informationD．research
小題3: Which of the following is wrong?
A．Bouvet Island, Heard Island and Gough Island are all in the southern hemisphere.
B．Winds in the researched area blow anti-clockwise.
C．The scientists shouldn't base this research on how winds affect where ferns grow.
D．Without the discovery of QuikSCAT, the research wouldn't have made sense.
小題4: Which of the following diagrams shows the correct position of the islands?
         
            

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

On the afternoon of September27, 2008, Astronaut Zhai Zhigang became the first Chinese man to walk in space on Saturday, clambering（爬上,攀登） out of China's Shenzhou VII space craft in a technological feat（成就，功績）that made the Chinese people excited.

"I'm feeling quite well. I greet the Chinese people and the people of the world," Zhai said as he climbed out of the craft at around 16:40 Beijing time, a historic achievement telecast live on CCTV. Tens of millions of Chinese viewers gathered before TV screens to watch the moment.
Chinese President Hu Jintao and other top leaders had appeared at the Beijing Aerospace Control Center to watch the live transmission of Zhai's spacewalk.
Zhai, 42, chosen by an expert team for the first "out-of-capsule activity," showed a red national flag, helped by colleague Liu Boming, who also briefly popped his head out of the capsule.
Zhai slowly made his way towards a test sample of solid lubricant（潤滑劑）outside the capsule, took a sample and handed it to Liu.
Zhai safely returned inside the craft after about 20 minutes. The walk marked the highpoint of China's third manned space journey, which has received widespread media coverage.
Zhai wore a $4.4 million Chinese-made suit weighing 120-kg. Liu wore a Russian-made one and acted as an assistant.
The third crew member, Jing Haipeng, monitored the ship from inside the re-entry module. w.w
The risky maneuver is a step towards China's longer-term goal of building a space lab and then a larger space station, analysts said.
"On this flight, Chinese people's footprints will be left in space for the first time," said a commentary（評論）by the Xinhua news agency.
The astronauts went aboard on their walk after receiving a clean bill of health from doctors on the ground at mission control in Beijing, Xinhua said.
Zhai's suit has 10 layers and takes up to 15 hours to assemble and put on.
China's first manned spaceflight was in 2003. A second, two-manned flight followed in 2005. The only other countries that have sent people into space are Russia and the United States.
Shenzhou VII took off on Thursday and is due to land on the northern steppes(草原) of Inner Mongolia on Sunday.
小題1:The space walk done by the Chinese astronaut was historic because ______.
A．it was telecast liveB．there were more Chinese viewers than ever
C．it was the first space walk carried out by Chinese astronauts
D．top leaders watched the space walk
小題2: The following statements are true except ______.
A．The lubricant put outside the capsule was a test sample
B．It took Zhai Zhigang about 20 minutes to return to the craft safely
C．Many televisions and newspapers around the world reported the event
D．There is an aerospace control center in the capital
小題3:The significance of the space walk is ______.
A．that the astronaut can work outside the spacecraft
B．it marks a successful step towards China’s longer-term goal of building a space lab as well as a space station
C．it has attracted tens of millions of people to watch the walk
D．that the Chinese-made space suit can be used in space
小題4:What does the underlined word “clean” mean in the passage?
A．healthyB．paid-offC．not dirtyD．clear
小題5: The best title of the passage is ______.
A．First Footprints of Chinese People in Space
B．Expensive Space Suit
C．Three Successful Manned Flights by Chinese Astronauts
D．Historic Space Walk by Chinese Astronaut

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