Suppose we built a robot to explore the planet Mars. We provide the robot with seeing detectors(探測器) to keep it away from danger. It is powered entirely by the sun. Should we program the robot to be equally active at all times? No, the robot would be using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any. So we would probably program it to stop its activity at night and to wake up at dawn the next morning.
According to evolutionary(進(jìn)化的) theory of sleep, evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking for the same reason. The theory does not deny that sleep provides some important restorative functions. It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform those functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous. However, sleep protects us only from the sort of trouble we might walk into; it does not protect us from trouble that comes looking for us. So we sleep well when we are in a familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent.
The evolutionary theory explain the differences in sleep among creatures. Why do cats, for instance, sleep so much, while horses sleep so little? Surely cats do not need five times as much repair and restoration as horses do. But cats can afford to have long periods of inactivity because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they sleep. Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating, because what they eat is very low in energy value. Moreover, they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deeply, because their survival depends on their ability to run away from attackers.
小題1:The author uses the example of the robot in space exploration to tell us _______.
A．the differences between robots and men
B．the reason why men need to sleep
C．a(chǎn)bout the need for robots to save power
D．a(chǎn)bout the danger of men working at night
小題2:Evolution has programmed man to sleep at night chiefly to help him ______.
A．keep up a regular pattern of life
B．prevent trouble that comes looking for him
C．a(chǎn)void danger and inefficient labor
D．restore his bodily functions
小題3:Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?
A．Evolution has equipped all creatures with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking.
B．The study of sleep is an important art of the evolutionary theory.
C．Sleeping patterns must be taken into consideration in the designing of robots.
D．The sleeping pattern of a living creature is determined by the food it eats.

小題1:B
小題2:C
小題3:A

本文介紹了有關(guān)睡覺進(jìn)化論方面的知識(shí)。
小題1:推斷題。根據(jù)文章第2段第1句evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking for the same reason可推知此題答案為B。
小題2:推斷題。根據(jù)文章第2段第3句when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous可推知此題答案為C。
小題3:推斷題。根據(jù)文章第2段第1句和第3段第1句可推知此題答案為 A。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

As we know, it is very important that a firm should pay attention to the training of its staff as there exist many weak points in its various departments. Staff training must have a purpose, which is defined when a firm considers its training needs, which are in turn based on job descriptions and job specifications(規(guī)范).
A job description should give details of the performance that is required for a particular job, and a job specification should give information about the behaviour, knowledge and skills that are expected of an employee who works in the position. When all of this has been collected, it is possible to make a training specification. This specifies(詳細(xì)說明) that the training department must teach for the successful performance of the job, and also the best methods to use in the training period.
There are many different training methods, and there are advantages and disadvantages in all of them. Successful training performances depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently said that learning about skills takes place “off the job” in classroom, but training in using these skills takes place “on the job,” by means of such activities as practice in the workshop.
It’s always difficult to evaluate the costs of a training programme. The success of such a programme depends not only on the methods used but also on the quality of the staff who do the training. A company can often check savings in time and cost by examining the work performed by the workers and technicians who have completed a training programme. The evaluation of management training is much more complex than that.
小題1:     The writer mainly wants to tell us_____by the passage.
A． Why firms should pay attention to staff training
B． Staff training must have a purpose
C． Purposes and methods are most important in staff training
D． How to evaluate a training programme
小題2:A training specification specifies_____
A． the training contents and methods
B． the cost and savings of the programme
C． the performance required for a certain job
D． the behaviour, knowledge and skills expected of an employee
小題3:To be successful in training programmes, we must understand the difference between_____
A． the purposes and the methods
B． job description and job specification
C． what is taught and how it is taught
D． learning about skills and training in using them
小題4:The underlined word “evaluate”means_____
A．find out the price ofB．judge the value of
C．deal withD．expect and believe

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

“Seven out of ten people have tried to learn a language at some point in their life and most wish they could speak one more fluently,” a survey found. “And nine out of ten people want their children to learn foreign languages at primary school,” said the poll for the OCR Examing Board (牛津劍橋皇家考試委員會(huì)).Languages are no longer compulsory(義務(wù)的)for pupils aged 14 and over. But the government wants all primary school pupils in England to learn a language by the end of the decade.
A survey of 1000 people was carried out, which is organised by the National Centre of Language .The study suggested people in London were the most likely(78%) to have studied another language, Scots were next at 74%, followed by the northeast of England (71%).In the west of England, more than six in ten have knowledge of another language.
Barrie Hunt from OCR said, “People are often very negative about Britain，s grasp of foreign languages but in reality the number of people who can speak a second language is impressive. The great joke is that many of these people will have no formal qualification to show their family, friends and employers what they can do. Whether they are fluent or just able to hold a short conversation in another language is unknown.”
He said OCR had set a new language scheme called Asset Languages to encourage people of all ages to learn languages in bite-sized amounts and get a qualification.
The scheme also provides assessment for community languages spoken at home, such as Chinese, Urdu and Punjabi.
Isabella Moore from the National Centre of Languages said, “Employers want evidence of good communication skills, confidence and outward-looking attitudes, so a language qualification is an important addition to anyone，s resume.”
小題1:It can be inferred that___________________________ .
A．foreign language study is popular in UK
B．foreign language study is a must for people of all ages
C．it is especially easy for British people to study foreign languages
D．students of over 14 no longer study foreign languages
小題2:Which of the following has the most to have studied a foreign language?
A．People from Scotland.B．People from the northeast of England.
C．People in London.D．People from the west of England.
小題3: Which statement is true according to the text?
A．A language qualification is the only evidence of a high-quality employee.
B．Speaking foreign languages is the most important skill required in employment among all.
C．A language qualification is very difficult to get in UK.
D．Many people in UK don，t have a qualification although they can speak foreign languages.
小題4: What’s the best title for the text?
A．An Interesting SurveyB．UK Loves After All
C．Language Teaching in UKD．Better to Get a Language Qualification

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Tests administered（實(shí)施）to most elementary and high-school students in the United States exert（發(fā)揮）an unfavorable influence on science and math teaching， according to a new ＄1 million study performed for the National Science Foundation．And because schools with high minority enrollments（入學(xué)）generally place a greater reliance（相信）on scores from these tests， the study finds，there tends to be “a gap in instructional emphases between high and low minority classrooms that differs from our national concern for the quality of education．”
George F．Madaus and his colleagues at Boston College analyzed not only the six most widely used national standardized tests， but also the tests designed to accompany（go with）the four most commonly used science and math texts in fourth-grade，eighth-grade，and high-school classrooms．Though curriculum（teaching program）experts argue that schools should place greater emphasis on problem solving and reasoning， the new study shows that the tests focus on lower-level skills—primarily mechanical memorization of routine formulas（公式）．
Researchers surveyed more than 2，200 math and science instructors，interviewing in depth some 300 teachers and administrators．Especially in schools with high minority enrollments，teachers reported feeling pressured to help students perform well on these tests．Some states judge schools and some schools determine teacher assignments（工作安排）based on students' test scores．
“With so much worry，”Madaus says，“teachers feel forced to focus their instruction on drilling what the tests will measure—at the expense of the more valuable，higher-level skills．”
小題1:The author of this article states that ____  _ ．
A．the tests don't affect teaching in most elementary and high schools
B．the science and math teaching is influenced by the present tests
C．no study is performed on tests for the National Science Foundation
D．the United States exerts a strong influence on science and math teaching
小題2:It can be inferred that in high minority classrooms ____  _ ．
A．the students can not get high score from the tests
B．scores from the tests are not important
C．instructional emphases are unfavourable
D．teaching doesn't focus on the quality of education
小題3:According to the second paragraph，the study has discovered that ____  _ ．
A．emphasis of teaching is on problem solving and reasoning
B．curriculum is good for national standardized tests
C．the tests mainly center around the memorization of some formulas
D．routine formulas are not useful for students to memorize
小題4:According to Madaus' opinion，teachers are forced to ____  _ ．
A．evaluate（評估）students' skills every year
B．suffer so much worry on the texts
C．teach what will be tested
D．focus their instruction on useful drillings

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take.
Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid(電網(wǎng)). Just as t tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replaces filters monthly or as needed.
For central air conditioning systems and room air conditioners, look for the ENERGY STAR, the federal government’s symbol for energy efficiency. For central air, purchase the system with the highest possible Seasonal Energy Efficiency Raton. (SEER)
Use energy-efficient ceiling fans either alone or with air conditioning. Ceiling fans do a great job of circulating air. When used with air conditioning, fans allow you to raise the thermostat(恒溫器) and cut costs. Ceiling fans cool people, not rooms, so before you leave; turn off the ceiling fan.
Let a programmable thermostat! “remember for you” to automatically adjust the indoor climate with your daily and weekend patterns to reduce cooling bills by up to 10 percent. You can come home to a comfortable house without wasting energy and cresting pollution all day while you are at work.
Try to make your home airtight enough to increase your comfort, make your home quieter and cleaner and reduce your cooling costs up to 20 percent.
Gut your air conditioning load, and reduce pollution by planting planting leafy trees around your home and fixing reflective bricks on your roof.
Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day, or fix shading equipment to avoid heat build-up.
Turn off everything not in use: lights, TVs, computers. And use fluorescent bulbs(熒光燈), which provide bright, warm light while using at least two-thirds less energy, producing 70 percent less heat and lasting up to 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs(白熾燈).
Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 mils per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than ￡65 per year.
Carpool. The average U.S. commuter(乘車上班族) could save about ￡260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg---assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas.
小題1:According to the passage, the thermostat is used to ______.
A．make rooms quieterB．control room temperature
C．turn off the air conditionerD．reduce room air pollution
小題2:We can conclude from the passage that the author probably discourages ______.
A．planting leafy trees around your home
B．turning off the ceiling fan before you leave your house
C．keeping your south-facing windows open during the day
D．using fluorescent bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs
小題3:According to the passage, you can save fuel by ______.
A．using energy-efficient ceiling fansB．sharing cars with others on workdays
C．turning off everything not in useD．reducing 10% of your car trips every year
小題4:This passage is mainly about ______.
A．energy-saving tipsB．fuel-saving tips
C．do-it-yourself tipsD．environment-protecting tips

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Doreen Sykora is now a junior at McGill University. She had a difficult time when she first began college. She said, “I was always well prepared for my examinations. But when I go into class to take the exam, I would fall apart. I could just blank out because of nervousness and fear.” Hitoshi Sakamoto, an anthropology(人類學(xué)) student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences.
These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is stressed(加壓力于) about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the severe tension and nervousness.
Now there are special university courses to help students. In these courses, advisors and psychologists try to help students by teaching them to manage test anxiety. Such a course helps students learn to live with stress and not fail because of it. First students take a practice test to measure their worry level. If the tests show that their stress level is high, the students can take a short course to manage the fear. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. They get training to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work more easily. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.
Doreen Sykora saw immediate results after taking such a course. She now has enthusiasm about the relaxation methods. “Mostly, what I do is imagine myself in a very calm place. Then I imagine myself picking up a pencil. I move slowly and carefully. I breathe easily and let all the tension out. With each breath, more worry leaves me. It really works too. My grades have improved greatly! I’m really doing well at McGill now. This relaxation method works not only on examinations, but it has improved the rest of my life as well.”
For Hitoshi in Tokyo, the results were much the same. He is enjoying school a lot more and learning more.
小題1:What is the similarity between Doreen Sykora and Hitoshi Sakamoto?
A．They are students from the same university.
B．They failed in all the examinations.
C．They both had experiences of test anxiety.
D．They both had the same poor studying habits.
小題2:The phrase “blank out” in Paragraph 1 refers to “_______.”
A．lose interest in the examB．refuse to take the exam
C．get an extra paperD．be unable to think clearly
小題3:What’s the purpose of some special university student-help courses?
A．To help students to reduce test anxiety.
B．To show a stress level experienced by students.
C．To learn more knowledge about test anxiety.
D．To have a better understanding of test anxiety.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Perhaps the most famous theory, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Ray Birdwhistell. He believes that physical appearance is often culturally programmed. In other words, we learn our looks—we are not born with them. A baby has generally informed face features. A baby, according to Birdwhistell, learns where to set the eyebrows by looking at those around-family and friends. This helps explain why the people of some areas of the United States look so much alike, new Englanders or Southerners have certain common face features that cannot be explained by genetics(遺傳學(xué)). The exact shape of the mouth is not set at birth, it is learned after. In fact, the final mouth shape is not formed until well after new teeth are set. For many, this can be well into grown-ups. A husband and wife together for a long time often come to look alike. We learn our looks from those around us. This is perhaps why in a single country area where people smile more than those in other areas. In the United States, for example, the South is the part of the country where the people smile most frequently. In New England they smile less, and in the western part of New York State still less. Many southerners find cities such as New York cold and unfriendly, partly because people on Madison Avenue smile less than people on Peachtree Street in Atlanta. Georgia. People in Atlanta, Georgia. People in largely populated areas also smile and greet each other in public less than people in small towns do.
小題1:Ray Birdwhistell believes that physical appearance _______.
A．has little to do with culture
B．has much to do with culture
C．is ever changing
D．is different from place to place
小題2:According to the passage, the final mouth shape is formed _______.
A．before birthB．a(chǎn)s soon as one’s teeth are newly set
C．sometime after new teeth are setD．a(chǎn)round 15 years old
小題3:Ray Birdwhistell can tell what area of the United States a person is from by _______.
A．how much he or she laughsB．how he or she raises his or her eyebrows
C．what he or she likes bestD．the way he or she talks
小題4:This passage might have been taken out of a book dealing with ________.
A．physicsB．chemistryC．biologyD．none of the above

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A
Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Tucson, Arizona. He moved there a few years ago, and I was eager to see his new place and meet his friends.
My earliest memories of my father are of a tall, handsome, successful man devoted to his work and family, but uncomfortable with his children. As a child I loved him; as a school girl and young adult I feared him and felt bitter about him. He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A’s and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as “successful” as he was. Whenever I went out with him on weekends, I used to struggle to think up things to say, feeling on guard.
On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my father’s friends for lunch at an outdoor café. We walked along that afternoon, did some shopping, ate on the street table, and laughed over my son’s funny facial expressions. Gone was my father’s critical(挑剔的) air and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as my father, who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around? What had held him back before?
The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me quite a few stories about his own childhood. Although our times together became easier over the years, I never felt closer to him at that moment. After so many years, I’m at last seeing another side of my father. And in so doing, I’m delighted with my new friend. My dad, in his new home in Arizona, is back to me from where he was.
小題1:Why did the author feel bitter about her father when she was a young adult?
A．He was silent most of the time.B．He was too proud of himself.
C．He did not love his children.D．He expected too much of her.
小題2:When the author went out with her father on weekends, she would feel ______.
A．nervousB．sorryC．tiredD．safe
小題3:What does the author think of her father after her visit to Tucson?
A．More critical.B．More talkative.C．Gentle and friendly.D．Strict and hard-working.
小題4:The underlined words “my new friend” in the last paragraph refer to ______.
A. the author’s son                                      B. the author’s father
B. the friend of the author’s father                D. the café owner

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A popular student in her small high school, Katie started college expecting to do well in her courses and be best friends with her roommates. But things didn’t turn out that way. Psych 101, the course she thought would be a first-semester favorite, turned out to be a struggle. And her roommates were as different from Katie as the student restaurant’s mystery meat was from her mom’s roasted pork.
Living away from home tends to be the toughest adjustment for first-year students. You may feel homesick in your first weeks or months. It can help to call, write, or email your parents and friends making them know how you’re doing. You can also talk with your roommates. As first-year students themselves, they’re probably experiencing many of the same fears and worries that you’re dealing with.
But what if you don’t get along well with your roommates?
In some cases, it can be a good thing if you and your roommates aren’t much alike. Different views on things may be helpful, so respect your differences no matter what.
If you and your roommates don’t get along well, it can help to find someone who you feel does understand you, which should be easy on a campus with so many people. Many schools have student organization nights where all of the campus clubs gather and promote their organizations, so you can meet people with the same interests there as you. You’ll also meet tons of people in class or in your dorm building.
As homesickness, painful throats, sprained (扭傷的) ankles and wisdom teeth that act up are common among college students, you should check out your student guidebook or your school’s website to find out information about the university health center.
If you think you cannot deal with your problems, make a stop at the school counseling (咨詢) center. First-year troubles are something the counselors know well. You can get help there.
小題1:From Paragraph 1 we can infer that ____.
A．Katie had been worried about the changes before starting her college life
B．Katie felt satisfied when her college life started
C．Katie wasn’t used to the new environment in college at first
D．Katie has fallen behind in her study after the first semester in college
小題2:What’s the author’s suggestion on dealing with homesickness?
A．Adjust to it.
B．Share fears and worries with your parents.
C．Talk to your roommates about it.
D．Get along with your roommates.
小題3:Which of the following ways of dealing with roommates is RIGHT?
A．Not trying to change them.
B．Not making friends with them.
C．Developing the same interests as them
D．Not talking with them.
小題4:What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Freshmen may meet many problems.
B．Communication is important in college.
C．How you can adjust to your first year in college.
D．How schools help freshmen to get used to college life.

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