Three years ago I listened to a lecture on cognition (認知) that changed the way I think about intelligence. There are two types of cognition. The first is normal cognition: the ability to regain knowledge from memory. The second type of cognition is metacognition: the ability to know whether or not you know.
Does this affect intelligence? In traditional education, intelligence is measured by cognitive ability. Some people can easily produce everything they know on a test. But others are awarded with poor grades and considered inferior. But does this inability make them any less intelligent? If the question came up on a task, they could refer to a book or a quick Google search. In reality they’re just as effective as the people that ace a test. They just can’t prove it as easily.
Metacognition is more important to success than cognition. A person with poor cognitive ability, but great metacognitive ability might do poorly in school, but when faced with a challenge, they understand their abilities and take the best course of action. For example, when faced with a question, a person with strong metacognitive ability will deal with it like this. If he knows the answer, but can’t come up with it, he can always do a bit of research. If he knows for sure that he doesn’t know, then he can start educating himself. Because he’s aware of his ignorance, he doesn’t act with foolish confidence. These people might not seem intelligent at first glance, but because they know what they know, they make better decisions and learn the most important things.
However, people with great cognitive ability but poor metacognitive ability may be considered excellent at a young age for acing every test and getting great SAT scores. Unfortunately, they’ve been ruined by poor metacognition: they think they know everything but they really don’t. They are overconfident, fail to learn from mistakes, and don’t understand the slight differences of personal relationships, showing disregard for persons with lower cognitive ability. They may make the worst decisions.
The most important mental power is the ability to know what you don’t know. The recognition of a fault is the first step to improvement. Don’t try to hide a lack of knowledge. For intelligent people this is the toughest lesson to learn.
小題1:People with great cognitive ability tend to _________.
A.do well in testsB.be considered inferior
C.be more effective than othersD.do research when faced with a task
小題2:The underlined phrase “take the best course of action” probably means _________.
A.starting educating himselfB.taking action during the course
C.making the right decisionD.coming up with many ideas
小題3:People with poor metacognition may not succeed because they_________.
A.lack basic moral valuesB.have improper self-evaluation
C.fail to communicate with othersD.show little respect for others
小題4:The author probably supports the idea that _________.
A.intelligence is measured by cognitive ability
B.cognition is the most important mental power
C.the toughest lesson is to distinguish the two types of cognition
D.the awareness of one’s ignorance contributes to one’s improvement
小題1:A小題1:C小題1:B小題1:D
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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Most of us long for relationships in which we are loved and accepted. Our hearts’ desire is to give and receive love in relationships that make us feel that even if others disagree with what we do or say, they still love us, accept us, and appreciate what we give to the world. While it would be wonderful to have these types of relationships with all people, we know that’s hard to do. However, we can have such relationships with some others, but only when we first have them with ourselves—and, strangely, this is often the hardest relationship of all.
Do you love yourself? You may think you do, but do you really? There’s only one way to find out— by taking a close look at what you think, say, and do. You may not like some of what you find, but if you are serious about really loving yourself, you can use this insight to do some positive inner work. Here’re three ways for gaining greater personal insight for deeper love:
Listen Closely to Your Thoughts
Your thoughts will determine your actions. One thing helping you to listen to your thoughts is keeping a journal. It is not necessary for you to write in it every day, but it helps to record various insights you gain as you go about your life. Instead of using a big notebook, you might use a small notepad that you can keep in your pocket for easy access to record your thoughts as they occur to you. Whichever method you choose, what’s most important is that you write your thoughts down. It will help you know what’s in your heart.
Be Honest with Yourself
To do this, you should pay attention to your actions. Actions speak louder than words, and they always tell the truth. If you say you love your job, but your actions say otherwise, which do you think is more reliable? On the other hand, if you say you’re not good at a certain job, but your actions say otherwise, that’s also important. What do you do with this insight? You can use it to make more positive choices in your life. By being honest with yourself, you will act according to truth instead of just what you tell yourself.
Take Quiet Time to Listen to Your Inner Voice
This is similar to the first point, but it takes a step further— beyond the natural mind to the heart that cannot be seen. You may want to use your quiet time to think deeply. However you use this time, the key is to shut out all of the noise around you by focusing deep within yourself. Breathing deeply during quiet time will also help you focus. I know it’s hard to find quiet time during a particularly busy day, but it’s so important— even if it’s just 10 minutes a day and you have to hide somewhere to get it. Quiet time can really make a difference in your life.
Despite what your mind may be telling you, you can have love with no limits. The key is to unconditionally love yourself first.
小題1:. By looking deep into what we think, say, and do, we can         .
A.know whether we really love ourselves
B.a(chǎn)ppreciate what we give to the world
C.realize what type of relationship we long for
D.know whether we are loved and accepted by others
小題2:.An important way for gaining personal insight is to         .
A.do some positive inner work
B.keep a journal wherever you go
C.look closely at what others say about us
D.pay attention to our thoughts
小題3:.The insight we gain from our actions can help us         .
A.focus our attention on our jobs
B.make more positive choices in our life
C.a(chǎn)ct according to the truth
D.tell the differences between our words and our actions
小題4:.It can be learned from the passage that if we want to have love without limits, we must first of all          .
A.be honest with ourselves anytime
B.give our love to others generously
C.love ourselves unconditionally
D.take quiet time and think deeply

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:完形填空

閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從下列各各題所給的四個選項(A 、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卷上將該項涂黑。
These days, it is common to see 5-gallon bottles of water being sent to homes. Supermarket  21
are filled with all kinds of bottled water from simple  22  bottles containing “pure spring water” to expensive foreign types of mineral water in glass bottles. In Europe, bottled water is as  23  as soft drinks which are widely accepted in the United States. People are not only interested in the different choices of drinks, but also in the taste of bottled water and its  24  value.
All bottled water on sale must  25  the content of the water on the bottle. Some companies  26 
minerals to give the water a better taste. But the term “mineral water” is  27 , because all water, except specially purified water, contains minerals.  28  must be made to tell people clearly what kind of water people are exactly buying: spring water, mineral water, or purified water. For example, “spring water” will have to come from a(n)  29  spring.
Many people choose bottled water  30  tap water, because they  31  the safety of public drinking water. Some people worry about city water  32 . We need to pay close attention to the cleanliness of our drinking water. The government should be responsible for tap water  33 . It should be tested and checked  34 .
Keep in mind that bottled water is 35 . In many cases, you are paying for water that is not much different from tap water. If you are not sure of the safety of your tap water, have it  36 . A local health department can be of  37 . Compared with the cost of bottled water, the testing cost will be less expensive. Letting cold water  38  for a minute or so before taking a drink or using it in preparing a meal is a good way to  39  possible water pollution, especially if the water has been  40  for an hour or more.
小題1:
A.basketsB.windowsC.shelvesD.carts
小題2:
A.largeB.plasticC.coolD.cheap
小題3:
A.popularB.expensiveC.freshD.good
小題4:
A.natureB.trueC.faceD.health
小題5:
A.studyB.stickC.listD.print
小題6:
A.findB.a(chǎn)ddC.exploreD.mix
小題7:
A.mistakenB.misunderstoodC.misleadingD.misreading
小題8:
A.LawsB.NoticesC.ProductsD.Inventions
小題9:
A.nearbyB.hotC.undergroundD.overflowing
小題10:
A.withB.besidesC.beforeD.over
小題11:
A.considerB.trustC.doubtD.ensure
小題12:
A.suppliesB.pipesC.pollutionD.shortage
小題13:
A.producersB.riskC.elementsD.quality
小題14:
A.normallyB.regularly C.repeatedlyD.instantly
小題15:
A.enoughB.excellentC.expensiveD.ideal
小題16:
A.collectedB.boiledC.changedD.tested
小題17:
A.useB.valueC.serviceD.importance
小題18:
A.runB.flowC.fillD.boil
小題19:
A.improveB.discoverC.limitD.solve
小題20:
A.a(chǎn)wayB.offC.a(chǎn)longD.on

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

It is the first report that home-grown food has been contaminated by radioactivity, largely Iodine(碘)-131, since the ministry ordered radiation( powerful and harmful rays that are sent out from radioactive substances) tests on food and water at the end of March in 14 mainland regions including Beijing, Tianjin, and some coastal provinces.
Sample inspections conducted on Tuesday found low levels of radioactive iodine in spinach( a kind of green vegetables) planted in Beijing, Tianjin and Henan province --- about 1-3 becquerels per kilogram (Bq/kg), the statement said.
"The contamination level detected is too low to be harmful to public health," it said.
According to health experts, radioactive iodine can accumulate in humans once ingested in high concentrations and increases the risk of thyroid cancer. But it decays naturally within weeks.
Leafy vegetables grown in the open like spinach, lettuce and leek are among the first foods to be tainted by radioactive deposits.
Raw milk is also susceptible to radioactive contamination as livestock feed on grass.
Tests carried out in March showed spinach and milk taken from farms near Japan's nuclear-stricken area had exceeded(go beyond) government-set safety limits for radiation.
No cases of tainted water or milk have been reported in China but the ministry vowed to further strengthen monitoring.
Wang Zhongwen, a researcher at the China Institute of Atomic Energy's radiation safety department, told China Daily on Wednesday that currently China only had the means to conduct food radiation tests in a few regions.
The statement also said that recent rain in Beijing and Tianjin meant radioactive substances could have fallen on vegetables.
Chen Jicang, a vegetable dealer in Beijing, said on Wednesday that concerns are growing among consumers, businesses and governments across the world.
"We have yet to see any impact on our business from the radiation, but we will keep a close eye on how the issue develops," he said.
He added that most vegetables consumed in Beijing are produced locally, and he might switch to other varieties if spinach sales suffer.
Yang Guoshan, a researcher of radiation medical science at the Academy of Military Medical Sciences, said people could safely eat products that contain low levels of Iodine-131.
"The radiation level is so low that residents don't need to spend any extra effort on cleaning them," he said.
Gao Jie, a 52-year-old resident in Tianjin said she is deeply worried because spinach is a staple part of her family's diet.
"If spinach is radioactive, is there any possibility that other types of vegetables are safe?"
Trace levels of radioactive isotope cesium-137 and -134 were detected in the air in 21 provinces and regions on Wednesday, up from 17 on Tuesday, according to China's National Nuclear Emergency Coordination Committee.
小題1: What does the underlined word mean in para 1?
A.protectedB.containedC.polluted by dangerous substancesD.tested
小題2:Why are the spinach and milk taken from nuclear-stricken area not safe?
A.Because tests have been carried out there.
B.Raw milk is sensitive to radioactive contamination as livestock(家畜)feed on grass.
C.The amount of radioactive substances goes beyond the safe limits for radiation.
D.Japan is a nuclear-stricken area.
小題3: Where do you think this passage comes from?
A.a(chǎn) magazineB.CCTV newsC.a(chǎn) journalD.a(chǎn) novel
小題4: What is not mentioned in the passage?
A.Consumers became concerned about the safety of vegetables.
B.People need to clean vegetables completely before cooking because of radiation.
C.Food and water have to be tested since the end of March in 14 mainland regions
D.Low levels of radioactive iodine has been found in spinach in Tianjin
小題5: What do you think is mainly talked about in the passage?
A.How the radioactivity came into being
B.What we should do in face of radioactivity.
C.Radioactivity has no side effect on human being.
D.Home-grown food has been affected by radioactivity.

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

  It looks like a mobile phone, but the service is much cheaper. It acts like a mobile phone, but only in your own city. Beyond the city walls, it’s useless.
“Little Smart”, also called “xiaolingtong”, has always been compared to mobile phones. But actually, it is more like one of those cordless phones(無繩電話) used around the home. The only difference is that this one reaches much further than from the bathroom to the living room. It can travel across an entire city.
Cheap costs are the main reason for the success of Little Smart. It costs 25 yuan a month for the line and about 0.1 yuan per minute to use. A mobile phone, on the other hand, can cost four or five times as much. What’s more, unlike mobile phones, there’s no fee(費) for incoming calls. So these low charges have attracted many users.
But, Little Smart is not really that smart. Users often complain about its bad voice quality. And there are not as many stations to pick up its signals as there are for mobiles. “I couldn’t receive a phone call if I was on a bus,” said Li Ping, a user in Hangzhou. “It worked fine when I stood still, but there were breaks in signal when I was moving.”
Scientists are trying to make Little Smart more user-friendly. Messaging and Internet access(接入) have been added to the service. And the latest Little Smart handset even has color screen.
小題1:Why is Little Smart popular in China?
A.It looks like a mobile phone.B.The service is much cheaper.
C.There is no fee for incoming calls.D.All of the above.
小題2: How is the charge of Little Smart?
A.About 10 fen per minute to use.
B.It costs four or five times more than a mobile phone.
C.It only costs 25 yuan each month.
D.There’s no fee for calls.
小題3: Why are users not satisfied with Little Smart?
A.They can’t hear each other clearly out of the city.
B.There are so few stations for Little Smart to pick up its signals.
C.When you use it, you must stand up.
D.The charges are low.
小題4: The underlined word “handset” in the last paragraph means “______”.
A.the hand bagB.telephoneC.serviceD.mobile phone
小題5: What can we infer from the passage?
A.It’s wrong to say that Little Smart is smart.
B.Scientist are trying to make Little Smart smaller.
C.Little Smart will be better than today.
D.People will change Little Smart into a mobile phone.

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

We produce 500 billion of plastic bags in a year worldwide and they are thrown away polluting oceans, killing wildlife and getting dumped in landfills where they take up to 1,000 years to decompose. Researchers have been unsuccessfully looking for a solution.
The 16-year-old Canadian high school student, Daniel Burd, from Waterloo Collegiate Institute, has-discovered a way to make plastic bags degrade(降解) in as few as 3 months, a finding that won him first prize at the Canada Wide Science Fair, a $10,000 prize, a $20,000 scholarship, and a chance to revolutionize a major environmental issue.
Burd’s strategy was simple: Since plastic does eventually degrade, it must be eaten by microorganisms (微生物). If those microorganisms could be identified, we could put them to work eating the plastic much faster than under normal conditions.
With this goal in mind, he grounded plastic bags into a powder and concocted(調(diào)制) a solution of household chemicals, yeast(酵母) and tap water to encourage microbes growth. Then he added the plastic powder and let the microbes work their magic for 3 months. Finally, he tested the resulting bacterial culture on plastic bags, exposing one plastic sample to dead bacteria as a control. Sure enough, the plastic exposed to the live bacteria was 17% lighter than the control after six weeks.
The inputs are cheap, maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because microbes produce heat as they work, and the only outputs are water and tiny levels of carbon dioxide.
“Almost every week I have to do chores and when I open the closet door, I have piles of plastic bags falling on top of me. One day, I got tired of it and I wanted to know what other people are doing with these plastic bags. The answer: not much. So I decided to do something myself.” Said Daniel Burd.
小題1:Daniel Burd won first prize at the Canada Wide Science Fair because      .
A.he found a new kind of microorganism
B.he contributed much to environmental protection
C.he found a way to degrade plastics in shorter time
D.he could encourage microbe growth in an easier way
小題2: Daniel Burd exposed one plastic sample to dead bacteria to      .
A.make the live bacteria work betterB.test how effective his method was
C.know which bacteria worked fasterD.control the temperature in the process
小題3:
Maintaining the required temperature takes little energy because       .
A.plastics can get hot easilyB.microbes can produce heat themselves
C.much carbon dioxide is producedD.the temperature can be controlled
小題4: Daniel Burd got his idea from       .
A.his school textbookB.the failure of researchers
C.his everyday workD.the practice of other people

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

One of the most difficult things for children to deal with when moving to a new town is leaving their friends and making new ones.
We once moved and one of our new neighbors told us about a summer camp at the Recreation Center all the kids went to. My husband and I looked into it and we found it was unbelievably cheap. I had the kids sign up (報名) the next day so that they could know more kids there.
Another thing we did was to have them sign up for sports when school started. They were happy to be on teams with new friends they made. This also gave me a chance to meet new people and from them I sometimes got some useful ideas for my new books.
If you’re just moving to a new house in the same city you live in now, it won’t really be a problem unless your kids are changing schools. If they are, it is a great idea to have them take the address book to school. Thus, your children won’t feel “l(fā)ost” without their old friends.
If you’re able to, over the summer vacation, try inviting the friend your child misses most to come and visit your new home for a week, or even a few weeks. I know this can be difficult if that child has to fly, but maybe you can work out a plan with the child’s parents. Think how happy the kids will be when they meet!
小題1:The author had her kids sign up for the summer camp mainly because _____.
A.she could afford the costB.she was asked to do so by her kids
C.it could give her kids a chance to meet more kids
D.it could make the summer holiday not so boring
小題2:What is probably the author?
A.A housewife.B.A business woman.C.A teacher.D.A writer.
小題3:What we can’t learn from the passage is that ____. 
A.a(chǎn) summer camp at the Recreation Center was very cheap
B.having the kids take part in sports is good for both the author and her kids
C.parents should ask their children not to think of their old friends
D.parents should create more chances for children to make new friends
小題4:The purpose of the passage is to teach parents how to ______ when they move to a new place. 
A.get used to the new life in a short time
B.help their children make new friends and keep the old ones
C.get along with their new neighbors
D.help their children get used to the new school life

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

  What time is it? Most people are pretty accurate in their answer. And if you don’t know for sure, it’s very likely that you can find out. There may be a watch on your wrist; there may be a clock on the wall, desk, or computer screen; or maybe you’re riding in a car that has a clock in the dashboard(儀表板).
Even if you don’t have a timepiece of some sort nearby, your body keeps its own beat. Humans have an internal clock that regulates(調(diào)節(jié)) the beating of our heart, the pace of our breathing, the discharge(排出) of chemicals within our bloodstream, and many other bodily functions.
Time is something from which we can’t escape. Even if we ignore it, it’s still going by, ticking away, second by second, minute by minute, hour by hour. So the main issue in using your time well is, “Who’s in charge?” We can allow time to slip by and let it be our enemy. Or we can take control of it and make it our ally
By taking control of how you spend your time, you’ll increase your chances of becoming a more successful student. Perhaps more importantly, the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies, the more time you will have to spend on your outside interests.
The aim of time management is not to schedule every moment so we become slaves of a timetable that governs every waking moment of the day. Instead, the aim is to permit us to make informed choices as to how we use our time. Rather than letting the day go by, largely without our awareness, what we are going to discuss next can make us better able to control time for our own purposes.
小題1: The underlined word “ally” in Para.3 most likely means somebody or something that is ___.
A.your supporter and helps youB.under your control and obeys you
C.under your influence and follows youD.your slave and serves you
小題2: The author intends to tell you that time __________.
A.could be managed by the internal clock of human bodies
B.should be well managed for our own interest
C.should be saved for outside interests
D.could be regulated by a timepiece such as a clock or a watch
小題3: In the next part, the author would most probably discuss with you _________.
A.how to make up for lost timeB.how to have a good time
C.how to make good use of timeD.how to keep up with the times

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Dear All,
Happy New Year! A list of important dates for this term is attached to this letter.
Interviews for our April and September Primary One classes will take place on Tuesday and Wednesday,18th&19th January.Now is the time to apply for admission to Peak School.
Children are expected to weal their uniforms this term.As is usual at this time of the year,mornings at the school are quite cold and l would suggest children wear their sweaters to school.As the temperature goes up during the day,children tend to take off their outer clothes,so it is important that all sweatshirts are labeled(貼有標簽).
I have received a few requests from parents asking if their children can wear summer uniforms this term.I am of the view that all children in the school should follow the school policy and be dressed in the appropriate uniforms.In the longer term,a number of US at school have questioned the need to have a winter and summer uniform.Perhaps.with careful consideration,we can develop a uniform that will serve children for the whole academic year.
As the foggy(多霧)mornings start to appear,a number of parents have raised concerns over the safety of those children who walk to school.  Our dark green uniforms are not particularly visible to motorists.Hopefully, the “Uniform Committee” to be set up this term will deal with this particular issue.I will keep parents informed of the channels through which views may be expressed in future newsletters.
We still have a “No Hat,No Play” rule on the playground,so children need to ensure that they have their sunhats in school at all times.
Yours sincerely,
P D Tunesi
Principal
小題1:The letter was most probably written      
A.when the school year ended
B.before the new term started
C.a(chǎn)fter kids were admitted to school
D.a(chǎn)fter kids were interviewed
小題2:This letter was mainly written to      
A.teachersB.visitorsC.students D.parents
小題3:What do we know about the present school uniforms?
A.The school has solved the problems.
B.They are invisible to motorists on foggy days.
C.The school is considering changing them.
D.There is a winter and summer school uniform.
小題4:We can infer from the text that      
A.the school has strict rules on uniforms
B.kids can’t have classes without wearing hats
C.parents are satisfied with the uniforms
D.most kids walk to school on foggy mornings

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