Passage Eight(The Development of Cities)
Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant form city centers than they were in the premodern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years – lots that could have housed five to six million people.
Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth.
1.With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?
A.Types of mass transportation.
B.Instability of urban life.
C.How supply and demand determine land use.
D.The effect of mass transportation on urban expansion.
2.Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?
A.To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.
B.To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.
C.To show mass transportation changed many cities.
D.To contrast their rate of growth.
3.According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion?
A.It was expensive.
B.It happened too slowly.
C.It was unplanned.
D.It created a demand for public transportation.
4.The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city,
A.that is large.
B.that is used as a model for land development.
C.where the development of land exceeded population growth.
D.with an excellent mass transportation system.


1--4     DCCC

解析文章論述了“公共交通從三方面改變了城市的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)�！辈捎梅诸�(lèi)寫(xiě)法。文章一開(kāi)始就提出三方面：第一，促進(jìn)城市實(shí)質(zhì)性的擴(kuò)展；第二，把人和土地分民別類(lèi)加以利用；第三，加速了城市生活的不穩(wěn)定性。然后就是三方面的具體內(nèi)容。
1.D 公共交通運(yùn)輸對(duì)城市擴(kuò)展的影響。文章開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山提出這一點(diǎn)“公共交通運(yùn)輸從三個(gè)根本方面改變了美國(guó)城市的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)�！焙竺嫖恼聝�(nèi)容就是三方面的具體化。
A. 公共交通運(yùn)輸類(lèi)型。 B. 城市生活的不穩(wěn)定性。 C. 供需如何決定土地利用。這三項(xiàng)文中作為具體問(wèn)題提到，并不是文章涉及的主要題目。
2.C 說(shuō)明公共交通改變了許多城市。答案箭第一段第四句“舉例說(shuō)，1850年，波士頓市界離老的商業(yè)地區(qū)幾乎不到2英里，到了這世紀(jì)末，其半徑擴(kuò)至10英里。現(xiàn)在供得起的人們可以住得很遠(yuǎn)，遠(yuǎn)離老的城市中心，仍然來(lái)回去那里上班、購(gòu)物和娛樂(lè)”。第七句，“舉例說(shuō)，在1890至1920年期間，據(jù)記載，芝加哥市界內(nèi)有約250，000個(gè)新的住宅樓區(qū)大多數(shù)設(shè)在郊區(qū)。經(jīng)過(guò)同樣這段時(shí)期，市區(qū)外，但仍在芝加哥大都市地區(qū)內(nèi)，又計(jì)劃建造了550，000個(gè)住宅樓區(qū)。”
A. 表示成長(zhǎng)的正反兩方面效果。B. 舉有無(wú)公共交通運(yùn)輸?shù)某鞘袨槔?D. 對(duì)比兩者成長(zhǎng)率；都不是本文中舉兩城市例子的目的。
3.C 沒(méi)有計(jì)劃。見(jiàn)第二段第三句起“城市擴(kuò)展蔓延根本無(wú)計(jì)劃，好幾千個(gè)小的投資商進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展，毫不考慮相互協(xié)調(diào)配合利用土地，也不考慮未來(lái)土地利用。”
A. 太貴和 B.太慢，兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)，文內(nèi)沒(méi)有提。D. 它創(chuàng)造了對(duì)公共交通運(yùn)輸?shù)男枨�。這不是住宅擴(kuò)展的一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)，而是三個(gè)根本改變城市的一個(gè)方面。見(jiàn)第一段第三句：“通過(guò)大量開(kāi)發(fā)未占土地?cái)U(kuò)建住宅，公共汽車(chē)、馬車(chē)、鐵路、來(lái)回火車(chē)，有軌電車(chē)把已有人定居的居住區(qū)向外擴(kuò)展了三四倍，比他們先現(xiàn)代時(shí)期的市中心更遠(yuǎn)�！�
4.C（第二段中以芝加哥城市例子說(shuō)明）土地開(kāi)發(fā)超過(guò)人口增長(zhǎng)速度。答案詳見(jiàn)第二段“這些購(gòu)買(mǎi)和置備土地建設(shè)住宅，特別是購(gòu)置臨近城市或就在市界外的土地，搶在交通線(xiàn)路和中產(chǎn)階層的居民進(jìn)去之前。他們這樣做的目的是創(chuàng)造一種需求，也是響應(yīng)這種需求。芝加哥就是這種過(guò)程的典型例子。那里的房地產(chǎn)小塊土地比人口增長(zhǎng)快得很多很多。”
A. 城市大。B. 用作土地開(kāi)發(fā)的樣板。 D. 具有優(yōu)越的公共的交通系統(tǒng)。

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E
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D. explain what improvements it has made

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C. effective relationships             D. your opinions of others

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A. They are usually good speakers. 

B. They are born to be sensitive and intelligent.

C. They don’t get angry in any situation. 

D. They can understand others’ feelings well.

5.What’s most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?

A. What emotional intelligence is.

B. How emotional intelligence can be improved.

C. Many books on emotional intelligence.

D. More people with high emotional intelligence. 

 

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Science Daily (May 1S, 2012) - People who rate themselves as having high emotional    intelligence (El) tend to overestimate (高估) their ability to detect deception(欺騙) in others.      This is the finding of a paper published in the journal Legal and Criminological Psychology on 18 May 2012.

      Professor Stephen Porter. director of the Centre for the Advancement of Psychological     Science and Law at University of British Columbia Canada along with colleagues Dr. Leanne Brinke and Alysha Baker used a standard questionnaire to measure the EI of 116 participants.

      These participants were then asked to view 20 videos from around the world of people     pleading （祈求） for the safe return of a missing family member. In half the videos the person     making the plea was responsible for the missing person's disappearance or murder.

      The participants were asked to judge whether the pleas were honest or deceptive say how much confidence they had in their judgments, report the clues (線(xiàn)索) they had used to make those judgments and rate their emotional response to each plea.

      Professor Porter found that higher EI was associated with overconfidence in assessing the sincerity of the pleas and sympathetic feelings towards people in the videos who turned out to be responsible for the disappearance.

      Although EI, in general, was not associated with being better or worse at telling the difference between truths and lies. people with a higher ability to notice and express emotion (a component of EI) were not so good at spotting when people were telling lies.

      Professor Porter says: "Taken together, these findings suggest findings features of emotional     intelligence and the decision-making processes they lead to may nave the paradoxical (適得其反的) effect of weakening people's ability to detect deception."

     "These findings are important because El is a well-accepted concept and is used in a variety of fields, including the workplace"

1.Which of the following is true about the study and its findings?

A. EI has something to do with telling truths and 1ies.

B. The participants were asked to identify liars on the spot.

C. The participants had to tell reasons for their judgments.

D. Those confident participants all made wrong judgments.

2.According to Professor Porter's finding, people with higher EI

A. were actually less confident

B. were easy to be cheated for their kindness

C. had sympathy for the missing people

D. were good at spotting deception

3.What does the underlined word "they" refer to?

A. Features of EI    B. People with high Ef      C. The findings   D. The researchers

4.Workplace is specially mentioned in the last paragraph to ______.

A. indicate that people with high EI are mostly adults

B. indicate that EI is very important in the workplace

C. warn employers not to trust employees with high EI

D. warn people with high EI of deception in the workplace

5.What is the best title for the passage?

A. How to detect deception in our daily life.

B. The disadvantages of high emotional intelligence.

C. The relationship between one's El and recognition.

D. Emotionally intelligent people are less good at spotting liars.

 

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