A new argument has been put forward as to whether penguins are disturbed by the presence of tourists in Antarctica.  
Previous research by scientists from Keil University in Germany monitored Adelie penguins and noted that the birds’ heart rates increased dramatically at the sight of a human as far as 30 meters away.  But new research using an artificial egg, which is equipped to measure heart rates, disputes this.  Scientists from the Scott Polar Research Institute at Cambridge say that a slow moving human who does not approach the nest too closely, is not viewed as a threat by penguins. 
The earlier findings have been used to partly explain the 20 per cent drop in populations of certain types of penguins near tourist sites.  However, tour operators have continued to insist that their activities do not adversely affect wildlife in Antarctica, saying they encourage non-disruptive behavior in tourists, and that the decline in penguin numbers is caused by other factors.
Amanda Nimon of the Scott Polar Research Institute spent three southern hemisphere summers at Cuverville Island in Antarctica studying penguin behavior towards humans.  “A nesting penguin will react very differently to a person rapidly and closely approaching the nest,” says Nimon.  “First they exhibit large and prolonged heart rate changes and then they often flee the nest leaving it open for predators (掠奪者) to fly in and remove eggs or chicks.”  The artificial egg, specially for the project, monitored both the parent who had been ‘disturbed’ when the egg was placed in the nest and the other parent as they both took it in turns to guard the nest.
However, Boris Culik, who monitored the Adelie penguins, believes that Nimon’s findings do not invalidate his own research.  He points out that species behave differently – and Nimon’s work was with Gentoo penguins.  Nimon and her colleagues believe that Culik’s research was methodologically flawed because the monitoring of penguins’ responses needed capturing and restraining the birds and fitting them with beart-rate transmitters.  Therefore, argues Nimon, it would not be surprising if they became stressed on seeing a human subsequently.
小題1:According to the passage, what overall message is presented?
A．No firm conclusions are drawn.
B．Neither Culik’s nor Nimon’s findings are of much value.
C．Penguin reduction is closed related to tourist behavior.
D．Tourists are not responsible for the fall in penguin numbers.
小題2:Which ONE argument of the following is stated in the passage?
A．Penguins are harder to research when they have young.
B．Tour operators should encourage tourists to avoid Antarctica.
C．Not all penguins behave in the same way.
D．Penguins need better protection from tourists.
小題3:What do you notice about the views presented in the passage?
A．They are groundless.
B．They are factual.
C．They are descriptive.
D．They are conflicting.
小題4:What does the underlined word (final line) probably mean?
A．later on
B．carmly
C．separately
D．in the same place

小題1:A
小題2:C
小題3:D
小題4:A
文章講述的是關(guān)于人類活動是否對企鵝產(chǎn)生了影響，出現(xiàn)了不同的觀點(diǎn)，并對不同觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了說明。
小題1:推理判斷題，文章并沒有給予明確結(jié)論。
小題2:推理判斷題，根據(jù)第四段A nesting penguin will react very differently to a person rapidly and closely approaching the nest可知，不同的企鵝反應(yīng)不一樣。
小題3:根據(jù)最后一段的however可知，文章觀點(diǎn)相互矛盾，沖突。
小題4:猜測詞義題。根據(jù)內(nèi)容可知，企鵝先被人類抓住，所以后來再看到人類就不感到驚訝了。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions--and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why．
Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes．
“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said．“Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and ignore the mouth．”
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral．They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies．
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did．“The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said．“Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less．”
In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion．From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion．Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation．
小題1:The discovery shows that Westerners _______.
A．pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth
B．consider facial expressions universally reliable
C．observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways
D．have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions
小題2:What were the people asked to do in the study?
A．To make a face at each other．B．To get their faces impressive．
C．To classify some face pictures．D．To observe the researchers’ faces．
小題3:What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A．The participants in the study．B．The researchers of the study．
C．The errors made during the study．D．The data collected from the study．
小題4:In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to ________.
A．do translation more successfullyB．study the mouth more frequently
C．examine the eyes more attentivelyD．read facial expressions more correctly
小題5:What can be the best title for the passage?
A．The Eye as the Window to the Soul
B．Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions
C．Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills
D．How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

What is great art? On the one hand, we can all see that great art is old art which is called great. But how do we know which art of our own times is great, and which will be forgotten? And who decides?
These are important questions, for the great art of the past often was not considered great during its own time. When Shakespeare and Charles Dickens were writing, for example, most critics considered them as hack (平庸的) writers with little or no literary ability.
Similarly, Van Gogh and many of the other Impressionist painters of the late nineteenth century were not allowed to participate in events involving what were thought to be the "real" painters of the time, and often they were very poor. Yet today their paintings often sell for millions of dollars, while those so-called "real" painters are now barely remembered.
So what makes great art? Can, for example, rock music be great art? Music videos? Cartoons and comics? Those who call themselves critics of the fine arts often have been the last to recognize great art in the past, and we can probably expect this to be the situation today.
Critics often don’t recognize great art because they tend to be prejudiced against what is popular. Popular works, whether they are novels, movies, or comics, are usually considered to be produced for the sake of money only, and not for the sake of art.
But popularity, it seems to me, is one of the three signs that a present-day work of art may come to be thought of as great. The other two are that it is groundbreaking, and that it is inherently (內(nèi)在的) beautiful.
Many works have one or even two of these qualities of being popular, unusual, and beautiful. But having all the three often will mean that a work of art will someday be seen to be great, though it may take a good spoonful of time, such as a century or two, to know for sure.
小題1:The first paragraph is intended to__________.
A．lead to the following and arouse the reader’s curiosity
B．introduce some real painters to the readers
C．introduce the questions the writer wants to answer
D．explain what kind of art will become popular
小題2:The author used the examples of Shakespeare, Charles Dickens and Van Gogh to prove _____.
A．these masters’ works have some shortcomings
B．these masters wouldn’t have been so successful without the critics
C．truly beautiful works of art are never understood when first created
D．great masters are often not acknowledged while they were alive
小題3:According to the author, great works _______.
A．may be presented in different forms
B．a(chǎn)re generally valued by critics
C．a(chǎn)re thought valuable because of their sale price
D．will lose their value if they’re not accepted
小題4:What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Critics have changed their attitudes to great works.
B．Most of the opinions of critics are valueless.
C．The work of art itself, not the critics, determines its greatness.
D．Works of Impressionist painters will be great one day.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There are two ways to save money traveling. The first way is to get the best deals on the specific things you want. There is a limitation to this type of approach (途徑，方法) though. If you find the lowest price on the best hotel in Honolulu at the height of the season, you will save money, but still have a very expensive vacation. Trying to get exactly what you want will generally be an expensive proposition, in travel and in life.
The other approach is to be a true opportunist. This will be difficult for some of you, and entirely unacceptable to others. Nonetheless (盡管如此)，the travelers who get to travel the most, go to the widest variety of places, learn the most and do the most, are the opportunists. This will be true until you are so wealthy that you have no monetary (貨幣的；錢的)limits.
The first time I went to Ecuador, I went there because it was cheap. If it wasn’t, I would have had a great time—somewhere else. The trip lasted a month, and cost $1045, which included airfare and even the $130 fee for a guide to take me to the top or glacier (冰川) covered Mount Chimborazo.
I cut the cost by taking a bus from my home in Michigan to Miami, and back again when I returned from Ecuador. The round-trip ticket cost $158. The round-trip flight to Quito from Miami was only $256, because it was a courier (信使，通訊員) flight, which meant I signed for some luggage(car parts), and  could only take carry-on luggage.
Never did I feel deprived, or bored. I had a great time, eating wherever it was cheap and clean, doing all sorts of inexpensive, but interesting things, and traveling across the country to climb Chimborazo. I also met and fell in love with my wife Ana.
Being an opportunist means you’ll have just as much variety, and probably almost everything you want—eventually. You just have to stop trying to get exactly what you want exactly when you want it. If the guide that took me up Chimborazo hadn’t dropped his price from $200 to $130, I would have spent $2 for a bus and gone hiking on EI Altar, another great Andean mountain. That would have left me with enough money for several other minor adventures.
小題1:The underlined phrase “the best deals” in the first paragraph probably refers to ______.
A．the best serviceB． the lowest price
C．the cheapest goodsD． the best approaches
小題2:The return tickets from his hometown to Quito cost the author ______.
A．$128B． $256C． $207D． $414
小題3:The last paragraph was to tell us how to ______.
A．save money for minor adventures
B．cut down traveling costs.
C．deal with different situations
D．become opportunist travelers
小題4:It’s suggested that the author _____.
A．went hiking on El Altar
B．traveled with his wife in Ecuador
C．is an opportunist traveler
D．likes traveling around the world
小題5:Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage?
A．Cheap Travel SecretsB． Travel Secrets
C．A Travel OpportunistD． Travel Tips

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Nowroz: Iranian New Year or Nowroz is celebrated on the first day of spring sometime in March. People sing, dance and parade as in a carnival through the streets with drums and trumpets to spread the news of the coming new year.
Rosh Hashanah: The Jewish New Year is called “Rosh Hashanah”, and is celebrated in the month of September. It is a holy (神圣的) time when people think of the things they have done wrong in the past, and promise to do better in the future. Special prayers are held, and an instrument called a Shofar is played. Children are given new clothes, and New Year loaves are baked and fruits are served to remind people of harvest time.
Shogatsu: In Japan, the New Year (Shogatsu) celebrations are from January 1 to January 3 and most Japanese don’t work during these days. In Japan, the New Year is a fresh start. This means that in December all duties should be completed. Parties are held to forget the worries and troubles of the old year. Homes and cars are decorated. On New Year’s Eve, most people spend their time with their families.
Bahai New Year: The Bahai people have their own calendar consisting of nineteen months of nineteen days plus a couple of extra days between the eighteenth and nineteenth months. They have, however, adopted the Iranian custom of beginning the New Year in the spring equinox (春分). The New Year celebrations are held on the evening of March 20th.
小題1:During the Jewish New Year,        .
A．people don’t mention things they have done wrong
B．children often wear new clothes
C．loaves and fruits are often not allowed to be served
D．Shofar is their favourite food
小題2:Which of the following festivals are celebrated in the same month?
A．Nowroz and Shogatsu.
B．Rosh Hashanah and Shogatsu.
C．Nowroz and Rosh Hashanah.
D．Nowroz and the Bahai New Year.
小題3:What can we learn from the text?
A. Japanese families often stay together to celebrate Shogatsu.
B. The Bahai people usually hold a carnival to celebrate the New Year.
C. The Jewish harvest fruits to celebrate Rosh Hashanah.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Machu Picchu is considered to be a truly extraordinary archaeological(考古學(xué)的) discovery and is one of South America’s largest tourist sites. As many as one thousand visitors visit the ancient Incan（印加文化的） ruins daily. What draws vacationers and adventurers to this remote location high in the Andes Mountains of Peru（秘魯）? A large part of the attraction is the mysteries that surround Machu Picchu. For example, Machu Picchu is considered “the lost city” of the Incas because it was never found by Spanish invaders and was known to only a few local peasants for almost four hundred years.
The “city in the clouds”, Machu Picchu’s lasting beauty comes from the careful blending of its striking architecture with its mountaintop environment. Its greatest skill shows are in the stone structures, which equals that of the ancient Egyptians. The stone blocks were so appropriately cut that they fit together without the need for mud. The largest stones at Machu Picchu weigh as much as fifteen tons! It has been difficult to explain how the huge blocks were transported. The buildings, including many that have survived lots of earthquakes, contain stones which interlock so perfectly that a knife cannot be forced between them. When compared to other ancient civilizations, it is difficult to understand how Machu Picchu could have been missed by the Spanish and lost from history for four hundred years.
For many of the mysteries of Machu Picchu being unsolved, it is clear why Machu Picchu remains “the most famous ruins in all of South America”.
小題1:Which of the followings is NOT a mystery of Machu Picchu? 
A．Machu Picchu is called the “city in the clouds”.
B．Machu Picchu remains “the most famous ruins of South America”.
C．Machu Picchu is “the lost city” of the Incas.
D．Machu Picchu is the largest stone city of the world.
小題2:The underlined word “interlock” probably means _________
A．putB．fitC．meetD．lie
小題3:From the passage we can learn that __________.
A．Machu Picchu has gone through lots of earthquakes
B．a(chǎn)ll of the mysteries of Machu Picchu have been solved
C．the city has never been discovered by people outside
D．Machu Picchu is the most valuable ruins in history.
小題4:The purpose of writing the passage is to __________.
A．a(chǎn)sk us to pay a visit to Machu Picchu
B．show us the beauty of Machu Picchu
C．introduce Machu Picchu’s mysteries
D．make the ancient Incan ruins known

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


India is traditionally a tea-drinking country. But, it is now gaining a new taste for coffee. This has led international coffee companies to consider opening businesses in the huge market. Local business people are also hoping to profit from the country’s tea-drinking habits. They want to open new stores that offer tea.
It is ten thirty in the morning in India. Two cafes are within meters of each other, near a college in New Delhi. And they are selling a lot of tea. Their main customers are undergraduate students.
“We have a lot of break between classes, so whenever we get time, we just go and we enjoy ourselves. It’s a lot of fun , especially when you are with people you enjoy spending time with.”
In the past ten years , cafes have become increasingly popular in India. The country’s huge young population have quickly taken to the coffee culture.
Coffee stores have spread from major cities like New Delhi and Mumbai to smaller towns. Coffee use has doubled in the last ten years . It is the success of this market that has gained the attention of companies like the American-based coffee chain Starbucks. The company will open its first store in India later this year. Other companies like Lavazza and Costa Coffee are already there.
Yet, the growth of coffee will not reduce the popularity of tea. Indians drink eight times more tea than coffee. They have been drinking tea for more than one hundred and fifty years. India is one of the world’s biggest producers of tea, which is known locally as “chai”. Outside homes and offices, it is mostly sold by small businesses on the street.
小題1:Why do international coffee companies consider opening businesses in India?
A．India consumes very little coffee.B．India has a large population.
C．People in India now prefer coffee to tea.D．Indians come to like the taste of coffee.
小題2:Which one is correct about undergraduate students?
A．They only have tea in the cafes.
B．They are the main customers in the cafes.
C．They like enjoying coffee with friends in cafes.
D．They like to go to the cafes to escape lessons.
小題3:What can we learn about coffee in India?
A．Coffee is consumed more than tea in India now.
B．Coffee is much more welcomed by young Indians than tea.
C．Coffee consumed today doubles that of ten years ago.
D．The growth of coffee will reduce the consumption.
小題4:Which statement is wrong according to the passage?
A．Coffee stores have spread to small towns in India.
B．Some foreign coffee companies are trying to open Indian coffee market.
C．Local people worry about losing profit on tea.
D．Indians drink eight times more tea than coffee.
小題5:What is the text mainly about?
A．Undergraduate students are main coffee consumers in India.
B．Indians mainly consume both tea and coffee.
C．India is traditionally a tea-drinking country.
D．India is becoming a big new coffee consuming country.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Beijing opera or Peking opera （Pinyin: Jīngjù） is a form of Chinese opera which arose in the late 18th century and became fully developed and recognized by the mid-19th century．The form was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty court and has come to be regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China．Major performance troupes （劇團(tuán)，戲班子） are based in Beijing and Tianjin in the north，and Shanghai in the south．The art form is also enjoyed in Taiwan，and has spread to other countries such as the United States and Japan.
Beijing opera features four main types of performers．Performing troupes often have several of each variety，as well as numerous secondary and tertiary performers．With their elaborate （認(rèn)真的，精心的） and colorful costumes，performers are the only focal points on Beijing opera's characteristically small stage．They make use of the skills of speech，song，dance，and combat in movements that are symbolic and suggestive，rather than realistic．Above all else，the skill of performers is evaluated according to the beauty of their movements．Performers also hold a variety of stylistic conventions that help audiences navigate the plot of the production．The layers of meaning within each movement must be expressed in time with music．The music of Beijing opera can be divided into the Xipi and Erhuang styles．Melodies include arias （唱腔），fixed-tune melodies，and percussion patterns．The repertoire of Beijing opera includes over 1,400 works，which are based on Chinese history，folklore，and，increasingly，contemporary life.
In recent years，Beijing opera has attempted numerous reforms in response to sagging audience numbers．These reforms，which include improving performance quality，adapting new performance elements，and performing new and original plays，have met with mixed success．Some Western works have been adopted as new plays，but a lack of funding and an adverse political climate have left Beijing opera's fate uncertain as the form enters the 21st century．
小題1:How long has Beijing Opera become a popular art form?
A．About one and a half centuries.
B．More than two centuries.
C．More than one century.
D．About half a century.
小題2:How many art forms of Beijing Opera at present?
A．Two including Beijing and Tianjin，and Shanghai in the south.
B．Two including Beijing and Tianjin in the north.
C．Three including Beijing and Tianjin，and Shanghai in the south and Taiwan.
D．Five including Beijing and Tianjin，and Shanghai in the south，Taiwan，US and
小題3:What are the features of the performers’ movements of Beijing Opera?
A．Elaborate.B．Colourful.
C．Realistic .D．Representative.
小題4:Which of the followings is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Performers can take different stylistic traditions in the plays.
B．The standard to estimate a performer is the amount of his/her movements.
C．It’s necessary to keep movements along the music in time.
D．The content of Beijing Opera is plentiful but much fixed.
小題5:What will be the future of the Beijing Opera?
A．Very bright. B．Certainly good.
C．Much uncertain.D．More popular.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D． Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context．
Sometimes people come into your life and you know right away that they were meant to be there, to serve some sort of  1 , teach you a lesson, or to help you figure out who you are or who you want to become．You  2 know who these people maybe （possibly your roommate, neighbor, co-worker, long lost friend, lover, or even a complete stranger）, but when you lock eyes with them, you know at that very moment they will affect your life in some 3 way．
And sometimes things happen to you that may seem horrible, painful． and unfair at first, but __4__you find that without overcoming those obstacles you would have never realized your potential, strength, willpower, or heart．
Everything happens for a reason．Nothing happens5 or by means of good luck． Illness, injury, love, lost moments of true greatness and sheer stupidity all occur to test the limits of your soul．6 these small tests whatever they may be, life would be like a smoothly paved, straight, flat road to nowhere． It would be safe and comfortable, but dull and utterly  7 ．The people you meet who affect your life, and the success and downfalls you experience, help to create who you are and who you become．
Even the  8 experiences can be learned from． In fact, they are probably the most poignant and important ones．If someone hurts you,   9 you, or breaks your heart, forgive them, for they have helped you learn about trust and the importance of being cautious when you open your heart． If someone loves you, love them back  10 , not only because they love you, but because in a way, they are teaching you to love and how to open your  11 and eyes to things．
Make every day count．  12 every moment and take from those moments everything that you possibly can for you may never be able to experience it again． Talk to people that you have never talked to before, and actually listen．Let yourself fall in love, break free, and set your sightshigh．Hold your head up because you have  13 right to．Tell yourself you are a great individual and believe in yourself, for if you don’t believe in yourself, it will be hard for others to believe in you． You can make of your life anything you wish． Create your own life and then go out and live it with absolutely no 14 ．
Most importantly, if you LOVE someone, tell him or her, for you never know what tomorrow may have  15 ． And learn a lesson in life each day that you live．
That’s the story of life．
小題1:
A．peopleB．purposeC．intentionD．a(chǎn)dvantage
小題2:
A．a(chǎn)lreadyB．sometimesC．shouldD．never
小題3:
A．limitedB．strangeC．otherD．profound
小題4:
A．in reflectionB．in realityC．in additionD．in a way
小題5:
A．on purposeB．by any chanceC．by accidentD．on principle
小題6:
A．DespiteB．WithC．For allD．Without
小題7:
A．boredB．pointlessC．undeservedD．meaningful
小題8:
A．goodB．differentC．badD．pleasant
小題9:
A．betraysB．lovesC．a(chǎn)ppreciatesD．understands
小題10:
A．in turnB．moderatelyC．unconditionallyD．in a way
小題11:
A．mouthB．mindC．heartD．emotion
小題12:
A．ComprehendB．AppreciateC．ExpectD．Evaluate
小題13:
A．everyB．eachC．properD．exact
小題14:
A．a(chǎn)mbitionB．hatredC．beliefD．regrets
小題15:
A．in the futureB．in stockC．in storeD．in pursuit

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