When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses．This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect．
The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect, which was named after Catherine Kitty Genovese, a．young woman who was murdered on March 13, 1964．Early in the morning, 28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work．As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed（刺）by a man later identified as Winston Moseley．Despite Genovese]s repeated cries for help , none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called the police for help ．The attach first began at 3:20 , but it was not until 3:50 that someone first contacted the police．
There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect．First, the presence of other people creates a diffusion（分散）of responsibility．Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present．
The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways．When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate．Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation, is ambiguous^ R^E^?）．In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnessing reported that they believed that they were witnessing a " lovers' quarrel" , and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered．
小題1:The passage seems to suggest that Genovese might not have been murdered if there had been_____．
A．no observerB．fewer observers
C．more observers ．D．younger observers
小題2:Genovese was murdered                   .
A．while she was going outB．in her apartment
C．halfway homeD．in front of her apartment ?
小題3:The underlined word "this" in the last paragraph probably refers to ____．
A．not doing anything to helpB．behaving in correct ways
C．taking actionD．murdering
小題4:We can learn from the passage that Genovese's neighbors didn't lend a hand partly because they ____．
A．were afraid of being attacked by the murderer
B．thought someone else might come to her rescue．
C．didn't get along well with her
D．were sure it was murdering

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:A
小題4:B
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Astronauts aboard the space station celebrated a space first on Wednesday by drinking water that had been recycled from their urine(尿), sweat and water got from air. They said "cheers," clicked drinking bags and toasted NASA workers on the ground.
The urine recycling system is needed for astronaut stations on the moon and Mars. It also will have NASA money because it won’t have to ship up as much water to the station by space shuttles or cargo rockets. Besides, it’s important as the space station is about to expand from three people living on board to six.
The recycling system had been brought up to the space station last November by space shuttles Endeavour, but it couldn’t be used until samples(樣品) were tested back on earth. So when it came time to actually drink up, NASA made a big deal of it. The three-man crew stood holding their drinks and congratulated engineers in two NASA centres that worked on the system.
“This is something that had been the stuff of science fiction,” American astronaut Michael Barratt said before taking a small mouthful. “The taste is worth trying.”
The new system takes the combined urine of the crew from the toilet, moves it to a big tank, where the water is boiled off, and the vapor(水蒸氣) is collected. The rest of the urine is thrown away. Then the water vapor is mixed with water from air, and then it goes through filters (過濾器). When six crew members are aboard it can make about six gallons from urine in about six hours.
“Some people may find the idea of drinking recycled urine distasteful, but it is also done on earth, but with a lot longer time between urine and the tap,” said Marybeth Edeen, the space station’s national lab manager.
The technology NASA developed for this system has already been used for quick water purification after the 2004 Asian tsunami.
小題1: According to the text, the recycling system is important because ___________.
A．it makes traveling to the moon for the average person possible
B．with it NASA won’t need to ship any water up the space station
C．it can help meet the need for more water after the crew is expanded
D．it protects the environment in space by reducing the amount of waste
小題2:What’s the RIGHT time order of the following events?
a. The samples of the recycled water were tested on earth.
b. Astronauts celebrated the space first of making water from urine
c. The recycling system was brought up to the space station.
d. The technology for the system was used to quickly purify water.
A．a(chǎn), d, c, bB．a(chǎn), c, b, dC．d, a, c, bD．d, c, a, b
小題3:From Para. 5 we can know ____________.
A．the theory behind the recycling systemB．the effect of the recycling system
C．the process of recycling urineD．a(chǎn)n opinion on recycling urine
小題4:What did Edeen say about recycled urine and the recycling system?
A．The taste of recycled urine is not as good as that of common water.
B．The recycling system has made a science fiction story come true.
C．The idea of drinking recycled urine makes astronauts feel unpleasant.
D．It takes a longer time on earth to make water from urine than in space.
小題5:What is the best title for the passage?
A．The Research of NASA Has Made Great Progress.
B．New Technology Is Used in the Space Station.
C．Drink up: Space Station Recycles Urine to Water.
D．Good News: Water Recycled from Urine Tastes Good

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling．Recycling in the home is very important of course．However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need．We are dealing with the results of that over–consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place．
The total amount of packaging has increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005．It now makes up a third of a typical household’s waste in the UK．In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard．
Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment．The UK, for example, is running out of it for burying this unnecessary waste．If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect．Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy．The solution is not to produce such items in the first place．Food waste is a serious problem, too．Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need．However, few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example．
But this is not just about supermarkets．It is about all of us．We have learned to associate packaging with quality．We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality．This is especially true of food．But it is also applied to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary．
There are signs of hope．As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary materials are collected．We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb．
小題1:What does the underlined phrase “that over-consumption” refer to?
A．Using too much packaging．
B．Recycling too many wastes．
C．Making more products than necessary．
D．Having more material than is needed．
小題2:The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show ___________．
A．the tendency of cutting household waste
B．the increase of packaging recycling
C．the rapid growth of supermarkets
D．the fact of packaging overuse
小題3:According to the text, recycling ___________．
A．helps control the greenhouse effect
B．means burning packaging for energy
C．is the solution to gas shortage
D．leads to a waste of land
小題4:What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．Unpackaged products are of bad quality．
B．Supermarkets care more about packaging．
C．It is improper to judge quality by packaging．
D．Other products are better packaged than food．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Learners of English, especially self-taught learners may have trouble in understanding the speeches made by native speakers. The following ways might help improve your listening skills.
First of all, do things step by step. It is not good to listen to something beyond your level. Better choose a suitable course and start with the first book. Don’t go on to the second book until you are sure you understand the first one.
Secondly, keep studying one course. Don’t change books often. Never let your attention be attracted by another course just because it seems to be more popular.
Thirdly, listen to the English news over the radio from time to time. Better look through the news stories in Chinese-language newspapers first. That will make it easier for you to understand the English news on the radio.
Fourthly, if you have time, listen to some interesting stories in Special English from the V.O.A or other listening materials of the same level as those of your textbook.
76. 小題1:What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．How to speak English correctly.B．How to read fast.
C．How to improve your writing skills.D．How to improve your listening skills.
77. 小題2:What does the underlined part “beyond your level” mean?
A．Easy for you.B．Too difficult for you.
C．Just all right for you.D．Neither difficult nor easy for you.
78. 小題3:What should you do if you want to understand the English news on the radio?
A. Practise speaking very often.    
B. Read the news stories in Chinese-language newspapers first.
C. Listen to some interesting stories in Special English from the V,O.A.
D. Ask others to explain it to you.
79. 小題4:How many pieces of advice does the writer give?
A．FourB．Three.C．Two.D．Many.
80. 小題5:Which of the following is NOT right?
A．English learners may have difficulty in understanding native English.
B．To improve our listening skills, we should choose popular courses from time to time.
C．Chinese-language newspapers are good for us to understand the English news on the radio..
D．We can only improve our listening skills step by step.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed”? Read the following directions and see if you understand them.
To reduce pain, take two tablets with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night time and early morning relief take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours.
For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount. For children under six years old, ask your doctor’s advice.
Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.
小題1: How many tablets at most can a person over 12 have in 24 hours?
A．ThreeB．FourC．SixD．Eight
小題2:How many tablets should a nine-year-old child normally take in 24 hours?
A．Half a tabletB．One tabletC．Two tabletsD．Four tablets
小題3: What is the advice for one who can not sleep well after taking the medicine?
A．Stop taking the medicine at bedtimeB．Continue to take the normal amount
C．Take more than the normal amountD．Take less than the normal amount
小題4: It can be inferred from the directions that this medicine ___________ .
A．helps you to fall asleep quicklyB．may be dangerous to small children
C．cannot be taken if one feels sleepy D．should not be taken by children under six
小題5:This text is most probably taken from a _____________ .
A．textbookB．newsreelC．doctor’s notebookD．bottle of medicine

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Rare birds in the UK have been living far better than the more common birds over the last decade due to the efforts of conservation organisations, according to a new assessment.
The research shows almost 60% of the 63 rare birds that live in the UK have increased over the last 10 years.
By contrast, only about one third of common species have increased over the same period. Just 28% of rare birds have decreased over the same period, compared with four out of every 10 common birds. The rare birds described in the assessment with increasing populations include the osprey (鶚) and corncrake (秧雞). All of these birds are subject to conservation action.
The declining common birds include the nightingale, swift (雨燕), house sparrow and red grouse (蘇格蘭雷鳥). These are suffering declines for a variety of reasons, including changes in farming practices.
Dr David Noble, from the British Trust for Ornithology, said: “That some of our rarer birds have responded to targeted conservation action is great news. It shows just what can be achieved. What we need to do now is to continue the good work and use some of the lessons we have learned to help our more common birds.”
Dr Mark Avery, the conservation director of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), said: “Over the last decade we've enjoyed some great conservation successes, including removing some threatened species from the World Conservation Union's Red List of Thratened Animals and increasing the populations of red kite, osprey, etc. However, these successes are countered (抵消) by continued declines of some widespread species.”
The overview of 210 native birds has been produced by a group of conservation organisations, to mark the publication of The State of the UK's Birds report, which is in its l0th year. The report was published by the RSPB for a group of conservation organisations.
小題1: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The decline of widespread birds is not worrying for the UK.
B．The UK has got some practical experience of bird conservation.
C．Changes in farming practices contribute to the increase of rare birds.
D．Half of common birds have decreased in the past ten years in the UK.
小題2:We can learn from the passage that Dr David Noble      .
A．hopes that conservation organisations will change the way they work
B．is quite disappointed with the result of the new assessment
C．is losing confidence in conservation organizations’ action
D．has high hopes for the increase in bird population in Britain
小題3: Which of the following can best explain Dr Mark Avery's words?
A．The UK should not be satisfied with what they have achieved.
B．The UK should share their experience with other countries.
C．What conservation organisations do is far from satisfactory.
D．The RSPB is responsible for the decrease of common birds.
小題4:The passage is most likely to be found in a book about      .
A．popular science B．historical events
C．nature D．society
小題5: The author's purpose of writing this article is to tell people      .
A．some good ways to protect rare birds
B．the differences between rare birds and common birds
C．the number of rare birds has increased over the last decade
D．some widespread birds in the UK are in great need of help

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Honeybees are disappearing for unknown reasons around the United States．Last winter, bees disappeared from 23 percent of American beekeeping businesses．Causes of the phenomenon, however, have remained a mystery．
Now, scientists from several universities and the United States Department of Agriculture say they have a possible explanation for the bee decline（數(shù)量下降）．It is a little known virus called Israeli acute--paralysis virus （IAPV）．The virus kills bees．Researchers in Israel first described it in 2004 , but until now, bee experts hadn’t paid much attention to it．
When trying to find out why the bees were disappearing, a research team at Columbia University studied bee colonies （群體）, some with and the others without decline．The research turned up large numbers of two types of fungi （真菌） once suspected of causing the bee decline．The research results, however, showed that the fungi were almost as common in colonies without a decline as they were in colonies with a decline．The researchers concluded that the two fungi probably weren’t the cause．
Studies of the presence of IAPV, however, showed more interesting information．In those studies, done by a team at Pennsylvania State University in University Park, the virus showed up in 83 percent of samples from colonies with symptoms （癥狀）．Only five percent of samples from symptomless colonies had it．
Scientists still don’t know whether IAPIV can single--handedly cause the bee decline．They believe that even if the virus is making colonies sick , it could have a partner in crime．It’s possible, for instance, that insects or chemicals in the environment weaken bees, making them more likely to catch IAPV．
Scientists are still trying to figure out how IAPV came to the United States．The United States currently allows bee products to be imported from Canada, Australia, and New Zealand．If it turns out that this trade is spreading disease, the rules might eventually change．
小題1:According to the passage ，IAPV is a virus that ______．
A．hasn’t attracted much attention
B．well-known to doctors and scientist
C．was first found by Austrian researchers
D．is dangerous to animals and human beings
小題2:The underlined sentence in the fifth paragraph probably means______．
A．the virus could also cause other damages
B．there must be something that is the real cause
C．IAPV is not the only cause for the bee decline
D．the virus may be caused by the polluted environment
小題3:From the third and fourth paragraphs, we know researchers draw their conclusions by means of _______．
A．calculating B．comparingC．examiningD．investigating
小題4:What still remains unknown to American scientists according to the passage?
A．How and why to kill IAPV．
B．How IAPV came to America．
C．Whether bee products should be imported．
D．How to change the rules of the bee products trade．
小題5:The best title for this passage would be _____．
A．Bee DiseaseB．How to Kill IAPV
C．A Virus—IAPVD．Two Types of Fungi

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Experts say the American state of Hawaii has been invaded (入侵)by a small frog called the coqui (ko--kee). There may be millions of the small frogs in Hawaii. However, they do not belong there. They are normally found in the southeastern United States. The coqui frogs are harming Hawaii’s environment. And the extremely loud noise they make is causing problems for Hawaiian citizens and visitors.
The coqui invaders arrived in Hawaii about ten years ago. They were believed to have been brought in accidentally in shipments of plants from Florida. Their number has sharply increased. They have quickly spread around the Hawaii Islands hidden in plants.
The coqui is a brown frog about five centimeters long. During the day, the frogs hide in wet protected areas, such as under plant leaves. At night, the frogs move onto trees to feed, call to females and mates. The call of the male coqui sounds like. Ko kee! Ko kee!
In the southeastern United States, local people celebrate coqui frogs. But in Hawaii, the foreign frog has been considered as a harmful animal. The coqui frogs are a major danger to Hawaii’s environmental system. The frogs eat thousands of insects (昆蟲)every night. These insects are important for the reproduction of plants. The insects also are important food for Hawaii’s native rare birds. The frogs also are affecting the tourism industry in Hawaii. Increasing numbers of hotels, visitors and local people have been annoyed by the loud calls made by male coqui frogs to female frogs. At night, the noise often makes it difficult for people to sleep.
The frogs do not have any natural enemies in Hawaii to reduce their population size. The warm weather permits them to lay eggs all year long. There are many efforts in Hawaii designed to stop the spread of the coqui. It is a crime to transport ,sell or release(釋放)the frogs there.
The Hawaii Department of Agriculture is trying to find an effective chemical that can be safely used to kill the frogs. For now, the frogs may only be caught by hand. The Hawaii Department of Agriculture says the greatest danger to the economy and environment of the state is from harmful species, like the coqui.
小題1:The statement that can best summarize the main idea of the passage is         .
A．the coqui invaders have seriously affected the tourism industry in Hawaii
B．it is not permitted to transport, sell or release the coqui frogs in Hawaii
C．the coqui invasion has serious effects on the economy and environment in Hawaii
D．great efforts have been made by the Hawaii people to kill the coqui
小題2:The coqui frogs originally arrived in Hawaii            .
A．by chanceB．a(chǎn)t the request of all the local citizens
C．a(chǎn)s a giftD．a(chǎn)s goods demanded in the local market
小題3:Visitors to Hawaii don’t like the coqui frogs mainly because                 .
A．they are a big danger to the environmental system there
B．the loud noise made by the frogs bother their rest at night
C．they affect the reproduction of the local plants and insects
D．visitors could no longer see the native rare birds because of them
小題4:The two factors leading to the rapid spread of coqui frogs in Hawaii are           .
A．the frogs’ habit and the environment in Hawaii
B．the large number of the insects and the plants in Hawaii
C．the geographic location of Hawaii and its tourism industry
D．the warm weather there and the frogs’ lack of natural enemies

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

LAS VEGAS (AFP) — Children may not like it but a British technology firm has invented an electronic babysitter -- a wristwatch-like device that lets parents know where their children are at all times.
The GPS Child Locator, or num8, attaches securely to a child’s wrist and contains a Global Positioning System (GPS), said Matthew Salmon, a spokesman for the manufacturer, lok8u.
"It uses GPS and GSM (Global System for Mobiles) technology with an accuracy of 10 feet (three meters)," he said. "It tracks your child."
"It only starts working when the device is connected to the child’s wrist," Salmon said, and is "very difficult to get off."
"Even if the child managed to get it off it would send an emergency text message through to your mobile phone," he said. "It would give you a Google Maps image with their exact location, the street name and the zip code."
When a child is wearing the device, a parent sends the text message "wru" and the child’s current location is sent back to a mobile phone or computer.
Parents can also log on to the company website to discover their child’s present location.
"You can also set up a perimeter, an invisible fence, and if they wander out of this invisible fence which you put on the Internet it will warn you," Salmon said. "It will text you immediately."
Salmon said the device is waterproof and shockproof and lasts for three days with a full charge.
It will be available in both Britain and the United States this year and retails for 200 dollars with a 10 dollar a month subscription fee.
He said the company had received thousands of inquiries about the device since launching it this week. "Fifty percent are positive, 50 percent are negative, that it’s a bit Big Brotherish," he said. "But it’s really just about letting you have freedom of mind."
小題1:Only when       does the device begin to work.
A．it uses GPS and GSM technologyB．it is put within about 3 meters
C．it’s joined to parents’ computerD．it is fastened to the child’s wrist
小題2:If a child is wearing the “wristwatch”, parents can track them by      .
A．sending the text message “wru”B．replying to the text message
C．getting a Google Maps pictureD．phoning the local police station
小題3:What Can we conclude from the text?
A．It won’t be easily found if a child loses t11e device
B．The device won’t work while a child is swimming
C．Parents can easily track children due to the device
D．The new product needs to be fully charged daily
小題4:The purpose of the text is to      .
A．explain how to use the new device
B．a(chǎn)ttract more buyers to the new product
C．discuss advantages of a new invention
D．introduce a new electronic equipment

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