In his 1930 essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren ”, John Keynes, a famous economist, wrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs ,which are independent of what others have , and relative needs ,which make us feel superior to our fellows. He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable (無止境的) , this is not true of absolute needs.
Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending is decided by the desire for superiority. He was greatly mistaken, however, in seeing this desire as the only source of insatiable demands.
Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the demands for almost all goods, including even basic goods like food. When a couple goes out for an anniversary dinner, for example, the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them. Their goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals.
There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demand for quality. For example, Porsche, a famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sport car on the market Priced at over $120,000, it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration. But in 2004, the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling and acceleration. People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. To get them, however, they must pay almost four times the price.
By placing the desire to be superior to others at the heart of his description of insatiable demands, Keynes actually reduced such demands. However, the desire for higher quality has no natural limits.
小題1:According to the passage, John Keynes believed that_______.
A．desire is the root of both absolute and relative needs
B．a(chǎn)bsolute needs come from our sense of superiority
C．relative needs alone lead to insatiable demands
D．a(chǎn)bsolute needs are stronger than relative needs
小題2:What do we know about the couple in Paragraph 3?
A．They want to show their superiority.
B．They find specialty important to meals.
C．Their demands for food are not easily satisfied.
D．Their choice of dinner is
小題3:What does the underlined word “escalation” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Understanding.B．IncreaseC．DifferenceD．Study
小題4:The author of the passage argues that ______.
A．a(chǎn)bsolute needs have no limits
B．demands for quality are not insatiable
C．human desires influence ideas of quality
D．relative needs decide most of our spending

小題1:C
小題2:D
小題3:B
小題4:A
本次高考的最后一篇閱讀，確有難度，是一篇議論文。它從英國(guó)著名經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家約翰·梅納德·凱恩斯的一篇文章《我們后代的經(jīng)濟(jì)前景》入手，辯證地指出了他在文中提出的、關(guān)于消費(fèi)需求的正確的和錯(cuò)誤論點(diǎn)，指出了他的“人類對(duì)于優(yōu)越生活的欲望是過度消費(fèi)的唯一源泉”的錯(cuò)誤。作者列舉事例，從結(jié)婚周年慶的夫婦吃大餐的原因分析，并列舉了保時(shí)捷一個(gè)成功的營(yíng)銷戰(zhàn)例，力圖證明消費(fèi)也是由真實(shí)的、對(duì)生活質(zhì)量的需求而決定的。在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)上，絕對(duì)需求，指的是包括吃、喝、睡、性等一系列與我們的動(dòng)物屬性相關(guān)的對(duì)于生存的要求；相對(duì)需求，則指衣住行、柴米油鹽、煙酒糖茶…享受類等與心理更為相關(guān)的社群性需求。
小題1:同學(xué)們要注意，這個(gè)題考的不是作者的觀點(diǎn)，而是凱恩斯的觀點(diǎn)。在約翰·梅納德·凱恩斯看來，人類對(duì)于奢華生活的相對(duì)需求才是造成過度消費(fèi)的罪魁禍?zhǔn)�。這也是作者極力批駁他的地方。
related to ideas of quality.
小題2:夫妻的周年慶，確是兩人婚姻里值得慶賀的事情。兩人在這天選擇用餐可能是與平時(shí)不同，因?yàn)榫哂屑o(jì)念意義。但“the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them”，想借此感受優(yōu)越奢華生活的念頭可能從來沒有過。所以相對(duì)需求還是和平時(shí)生活質(zhì)量有關(guān)。B選項(xiàng)僅停留于表面，非解釋作者論證意圖而得出的論點(diǎn)結(jié)論。
小題3:escalation的意思是“擴(kuò)大；增加”，文章中表示“對(duì)生活質(zhì)量需求的增加”。
小題4:按凱恩斯的觀點(diǎn)，人類需求分為“絕對(duì)需求”和“相對(duì)需求”。從文章第一段可知“He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable (無止境的) , this is not true of absolute needs.”（詞組be not true of…對(duì)…不適用、不符合…）凱恩斯認(rèn)為相對(duì)需求是無止境的。作者所做的就是辯駁他的論點(diǎn)，應(yīng)是絕對(duì)需求無限，相對(duì)需求則和生活質(zhì)量有關(guān)，是可控的、有條件性的和有限的，故選A。
練習(xí)冊(cè)系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

The Voice of America began during the World War II. When Germany was broadcasting a radio program to get international  36  , American officials believed they should  37  the German broadcast with words that they thought were the facts of world events. The first VOA news report began with words in 38  . “The 39  may be good or bad, but we shall tell you the truth.” Within a week, other VOA 40  were broadcasting in Italian, French and English.
After the World War II ended in 1945, some Americans felt VOA’s 41  had to be changed, 42  the Soviet Union became enemy of America. They wanted to 43  Soviet listeners. Then VOA began broadcasting in Russian.
In the early years VOA began adding something new to its broadcast that was 44  “ Music USA”. Another new idea came along in 1959. VOA knew that many listeners did not know 45  English to completely understand its 46  English broadcast. So VOA 47  a simpler kind of English, 48  uses about 1,500 words and is spoken 49  of course, it is special English.
In the 50  of most VOA listeners, the most 51  program is the news report. News from around the world 52  into the VOA news rooms in Washington 24 hours a day. It comes from VOA reporters in 53 cities and also from other 54  like BBC. VOA writers and editors use these materials to 55  news reports, which are being broadcast in 43 languages.
小題1:
A．businessB．cultureC．supportD．information
小題2:
A．replyB．a(chǎn)nswerC．joinD．interrupt
小題3:
A．sameB．shortC．EnglishD．German
小題4:
A．newsB．problemsC．effectsD．opinions
小題5:
A．stationsB．newsC．a(chǎn)nnouncersD．officials
小題6:
A．homeB．positionC．purposeD．results
小題7:
A．ifB．supposingC．consideringD．in order that
小題8:
A．reachB．satisfyC．a(chǎn)ttackD．support
小題9:
A．knownB．reportedC．calledD．printed
小題10:
A．AmericanB．BritishC．standardD．enough
小題11:
A．normalB．fastC．goodD．exact
小題12:
A．inventedB．discoveredC．taughtD．stopped
小題13:
A．itB．whoC．whichD．that
小題14:
A．pleasureB．courseC．opinionD．a(chǎn)dvice
小題15:
A．pleasureB．courseC．opinionD．a(chǎn)dvice
小題16:
A．difficultB．importantC．variousD．common
小題17:
A．fliesB．sendsC．deliversD．pasts
小題18:
A．a(chǎn)llB．majorC．AmericanD．news
小題19:
A．broadcastsB．formsC．newspapersD．countries
小題20:
A．broadcastB．a(chǎn)nnounceC．translateD．prepare

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Chinese and Western eating habits are different. In China, the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. It is always polite to let guests or elderly people at the table taste every dish first. But in the West, everyone has his or her own plate of food.
Although there are no strict rules on how to set chopsticks and spoons, there are some things you should never do during a Chinese banquet (筵席).
　Firstly and most importantly, don’t put your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. Instead, lay them on your dish. The reason for this is that when people die, family members give them a bowl full of rice with a pair of chopsticks sticking out upright in it. So if you stick your chopsticks in the rice bowl, it appears that you want someone at the table to die.
Make sure the spout(容器嘴) of the teapot is not facing anyone, as this is impolite. The spout should always be directed to where nobody is sitting, usually just outward from the table.
Don’t tap on your bowl with your chopsticks. Beggars tap on their bowls, so this is not polite. Also, when the food is coming too slow in a restaurant, you should not tap on your bowl. If you are in someone’s home, it is like insulting the cook.
小題1:What is the difference between Chinese and Western eating habits according to Paragraph 1?
A．In China people are very polite, while in the West people are not so.
B．In China people share the dishes, while in the West people eat separately.
C．In China people use the chopsticks, while in the West people use the knife and fork.
D．None of the above.
小題2:What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
A．The reason why chopsticks shouldn’t be put upright in the rice bowl.
B．The Chinese use chopsticks to eat.
C．The Chinese eating habits.
D．How to use chopsticks.
小題3:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．It is polite to taste the dishes before the guests or the elderly.
B．You can put your chopsticks wherever you want.
C．Never tap on your bowls with the chopsticks during the meal.
D．Teenagers can stick their chopsticks in the rice bowl.
小題4:The underlined word “insulting” in the last paragraph probably means “_________”.
A．playing jokes onB．laughing atC．treating badlyD．looking down upon

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Part-time Front Desk Position
Fuse Fitness is looking for a part-time front desk receptionist (接待員) at our new Carlsbad location.
Job duties include:
Welcoming and greeting members; Answering phone calls;
Signing up new members; Cleaning and performing other various duties.
You should have great communication skills and be dependable. More importantly, you should have a positive spirit in stressful situations. You are expected to work five days a week (including weekends).
Please, no phone calls about this job in the morning!
Tel: (760) 434-7704      E-mail: info@fusefitness.com
Apply (申請(qǐng)) in person at: 2502 El Camino Real, Carlsbad, CA 92008
The first impression you make in a job interview is very important. The first judgment an interviewer makes is based on how you look and what you are wearing. That’s why it’s always important to dress professionally for a job interview, even if the work environment is casual.
Before you even think about going to an interview, make sure you have suitable interview clothes and that everything fits correctly.
Get your clothes ready the night before, so you don’t have to spend time getting them ready on the day of the interview.
Polish (擦亮) your shoes.
Bring a breath mint (薄荷糖) and use it before you enter the building.
For more information: Visit: Jobsearch. monster. com
Or Tel: (800) 421-7250  or  (760) 603-4000  Carlsbad, California
小題1:How should you contact Fuse Fitness about the front desk position in the morning if you can’t go in person?
A．Call (760) 603-4000B．Call (760) 434-7704
C．Visit Jobsearch. monster. ComD．Send an e-mail to info@fusefitness.com.
小題2:What does Fuse Fitness think is the biggest challenge for a receptionist?
A．Working five days a week including weekends.
B．Having good communication skills.
C．Keeping cheerful even in difficult situations.
D．Welcoming guests and answering phone calls.
小題3:What would be the best title for the second piece of information?
A．What to Bring to a Job InterviewB．How to Find a Desired Job
C．Job InterviewD．Interview Dressing Suggestions
小題4:Which is TRUE according to the second piece of information?
A．The first judgment is made based on how you behave.
B．What to wear should be taken into consideration before an interview.
C．It is OK to dress informally for an interview if the work environment is casual.
D．You don’t need to pay attention to your shoes because nobody will notice them.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Celebrated in the city of Munich, Germany, the Oktoberfest, as it is popularly called, is a 3-week festival that takes place in the months of September and October. Also called the largest beer festival in the world, the Oktoberfest gathers about 6 million visitors worldwide every year. Seeing the popularity of the festival, many countries around the world have adapted to what they call their own version of the Oktoberfest. So if you are not able to make it to Germany, you can always enjoy the festival in the areas mentioned below. Don’t miss out on it!
Brazil: welcome to the German town of Blumenau in Brazil. Well, we are not talking about Germans living in the town, but the place was originally founded by immigrants from Germany in the year 1850. The town is built in a traditional German style and there are a fair number of people who still live the way it used to be in good old days. The Oktoberfest is celebrated in a small village called Parque Vila Germanica between the dates of October 1st to October 18th. Guests can enjoy the festival in addition to exploring the town and its sites which include a beer museum.
Vietnam: celebrated in Ho Chi Minh City since 1992, the Oktoberfest event over here is conducted between the 6th and the 11th of October and the decorations are like the original festival in Munich, with large wooden tables lined with beer.
The Philippines: unlike the original Oktoberfest which is celebrated in a certain area, the Oktoberfest in the Philippines is a recent addition to the already existing festival which takes place between the 4th of September and the 9th of October. Now the event is set to be celebrated in a total of 30 parties in various cities around the country.
Canada: over 700,000 guests (second highest after Munich) in and around Canada take part in the Oktoberfest celebrated in Ontario between the 9th and the 17th of October.
小題1:In which place does the Oktoberfest take place from September to October?
A．In Blumenau.B．In Ontario.C．In Ho Chi Minh City.D．In Munich.
小題2:From the first paragraph we can know that _______.
A．the Oktoberfest in Germany is the biggest beer festival in the world.
B．every year about 600,000 people celebrated the Oktoberfest in Germany
C．the Oktoberfest lasts longer in Germany than in any other country
D．in Germany the name “beer festival” is better known than the Oktoberfest
小題3:About the Germany town of Blumenau, we know that ______.
A．only Germans live in the town
B．the town was first founded by Germans
C．people in the town all live in the old German way
D．the town has many beer festivals
小題4:The author’s purpose in writing this passage is ______.
A．to call on more people to travel abroad
B．to attract more tourists to the Oktoberfest in Munich
C．to introduce Oktoberfest celebrations in the world
D．to describe the development of the Oktoberfest

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help you study. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meet fair-weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. How do I know when I have found a good friend? I look for certain qualities (品質(zhì)) of character, especially understanding, honesty and reliability (可靠).
Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He is not quick to judge. Instead, he tries to learn from others. He puts himself in the other person's place, and he tries to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener.
At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults (過錯(cuò)) in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me.
Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on (信賴) a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I need a favor, he will do his best to help me. If I am in trouble, he will not run away from me.
There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special. A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun. We should enjoy our lives, and we would enjoy our friendship. That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with. A good friend likes the same things I like. We share experience (經(jīng)驗(yàn)) and learn from each other. A good friend has a good sense of humor (幽默), too. He likes to laugh with me. That is how we share in the joy of being friends. And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me.
When I meet someone who is reliable, honest, and understanding, I know I've found a friend!
小題1:Which of the following qualities the writer thinks is the most important in choosing a friend?
A．understanding.B．honesty.
C．reliability.D．a(chǎn) sense of humor.
小題2:If you have fair-weather friends, ______ .
A．they will give you all that they have when you need help
B．you will be refused when you get into trouble
C．you will become rich
D．you can be sure that you get real friends
小題3:Good friends need to ______.
A．a(chǎn)lways point out each other's mistakes
B．be helped with money
C．understand each other's feelings
D．have money or luck
小題4:This passage mainly discuss ______ .
A．the qualities of a friend
B．where to choose friends
C．how to get along with friends
D．the importance of having a friend

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


People celebrate birthdays in almost every country on earth. And they celebrate them in many different ways.
In China and in Japan, for example, the arrival of New Year is more important than a person’s birthday. So everyone adds a year to celebrate their ages on New Year’s Day, instead of on their birthdays,
In Brazil, the special birthday food isn’t cake, but special candles. In China, it’s long noodles—for long life. In Iceland, people have pancakes with candies rolled inside them on birthdays.
In Britain, a birthday is an all-day celebration. At school, the birthday child is lifted up and “bumped” by his classmates. This means the child is lifted by the feet and arms and bumped to the ground, once for each year once for good growth. In Israel, the same custom is followed, except the birthday person is lifted and lowered while sitting in a chair.
In Holland, children not only get presents, but also give things out. They give cakes, cookies and candles to their classmates and teachers on their birthdays.
In Mexico, it’s good luck to give birthday greetings as early in the day as possible. So it’s usual for the birthday child to be woken up at midnight by fiends singing birthday songs.
In India, birthday celebrations also begin before dawn. Prayers and blessings must be said before morning comes.
In Thailand, two tall candles are lighted the night before the birthday. One is as tall as the birthday person. If it goes out early, it’s bad luck. Another customs of Thailand is that they buy live fish and birds for the birthday person and then the birthday person frees the animals, and it brings good luck.
In Nigeria, people in a certain age group celebrate their birthdays together, on a certain day.
In many countries birthday customs are changing. Old customs are giving way to western style of birthdays, with candle topped cakes. But one thing never changes—birthdays are special days for everyone!
小題1:It’s a custom to lift and lower the birthday person in a chair in _____.
A．BritainB．Israel
C．Britain and IsraelD．Israel and Thailand
小題2:According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A．In Thailand people give fish and birds to the birthday person as presents.
B．In Holland people give presents to unbirthday persons on their birthdays.
C．In Nigeria people who were born in the same period may celebrate their birthdays on the same day.
D．In Thailand a candle will be lighted on the birthday night.
小題3:What does the text mainly talk about?
A．Different countries have different birthdays.
B．Celebrating birthdays is exciting.
C．Different ways of celebrating the birthday in different countries.
D．Everyone likes celebrating his or her birthday.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Sport is very popular in England. In other words lots of English people like the idea of sport． A lot watch sport on TV． But the number who take part in（參加）sport is quite small． On the whole English people prefer to be fat rather than thin．
The most popular sport in England is football． Football is played on Saturday afternoon in most towns and the supporters（球迷）of a certain team will travel from one end of the country to the other to see their team play． There are four divisions（級(jí)別）of the football league．Not surprisingly the best teams are in the first division． But the best supporters are often in the fourth division． You have to be a good supporter to watch the fourth division football!
Many other sports are also played in England, such as golf, in which you try to knock a ball into a hole; basketball, in which you try to got a ball through a net（籃筐）; tennis, in which you try to hit a ball so that your opponent（對(duì)手）can not hit it． As you see, if the ball had not been invented, there would have been no sport．
　　Actually（其實(shí)）, that is not quite true． Athletics（田徑）isn’t played with a ball; nor horseracing（賽馬）． Perhaps that is why they are not so popular as football!
小題1:________ is the most popular sport in England．
A．Basketball B．Football C．Golf D．Tennis
小題2:You have to be a good supporter to watch ______division football．
A．the firstB．the secondC．the thirdD．the fourth
小題3:Why do many English people not take part in sport?
A．They are too busy．
B．They like watching sport on TV．
C．They would like to be fat．
D．They prefer to be thin．
小題4:Why are English people interested in sport?
A．They have their football team．
B．The sport games are played on Saturday afternoon．
C．They like the idea of sport．
D．They like the famous players．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

About three hundred words in the English language come from the names of people. Many of these words are technical words. When there is a new invention of discovery, a new word may be coined(杜撰) after the inventor or scientist.
It is interesting to observe how many common words have found their way into the language from the names of people. Lord Sandwich, who lived from 1718-1792, used to sit at the gambling(賭博) table eating bread with meat in between. As the Lord was the only one among his friends who ate bread in that way, his friends began to call the bread “sandwich” for fun. Later on，the word became part of the English language.
The word “boycott” means to refuse to have anything to do with somebody or something. It comes from a man called Captain Boycott. He was a land agent in 1880 and he collected rents and taxes for an English landowner in Ireland. But the Captain was a very harsh(苛刻的) man. He treated his poor tenants (佃戶) very badly. His tenants decided not to speak to him at all. Eventually word got back to the landowner and the Captain was removed（免除）. The word “boycott” became popular and was used by everyone to mean the kind of treatment that was received by Captain Boycott.
小題1:A few hundred ___________ come from the names of people.
A．new inventions B．languagesC．English words D．new discoveries
小題2:“Sandwich” is a word coined (杜撰) by ____________.
A．Lord SandwichB．the friends of Lord Sandwich
C．inventorsD．scientists
小題3: The tenants did not like ___________.
A．to collect rents and taxes B．the English landowner
C．the harsh land agent D．to speak

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案